Galileo

Galilei

By: Jennifer Zaremba

He also applied these principles to gravity, determining that objects fall at the same speed regardless of their comparative

masses. (This was the famous Leaning Tower experiment.)

Galileo conducted experiments with pendulums, establishing the relationships between length and

period.

WHo wa

s G

alileo

?

was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who

played a major role in the Scientific Revolution, which was a period of great advances in the sciences, lasting from

about 1500-1700. Galileo's achievements include improvements to

the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicus. Copernicus was the first astronomer to formulate a heliocentric cosmology, which displaced the Earth

from the center of the universe.

Galileo Galilei(February 15,1564–January 8,1642)

Birth: February 15, 1564 Death: January 8, 1642

Place of Birth: Pisa, Italy Known for:

- Making a number of important astronomical discoveries, including the four moons of Jupiter, sunspots, and the myriad

of stars that compose the Milky Way - Proposing that falling bodies would all fall at the same rate,

regardless of mass, if there were no air resistance Milestones :

1589- Taught mathematics at the University of Pisa 1592- Taught mathematics at the University of Padua

1609- Reinvented the telescope based on hearsay of such a device's existence in Holland

-1610 Published several of his astronomical findings in Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry Messenger)

-1610 Accepted a position as mathematician and philosopher to the Grand Duke of Tuscany

-1632 Published a defense of the Copernican heliocentric (sun-centered) universe.

Fast

Facts

Galileo Galilei invented a simple water thermometer in 1593 which for the first

time, allowed temperature variations to be measured. Back then, it was called a

thermoscope.

In 1609, Galileo perfected the astronomical telescope, improving upon

the design of Hans Lippershey. Lippershey’s model was imprecise and

inverted the image.

He also advocated the theory that Earth and

other planets in our solar system revolve around the Sun. This was supported

by his discovery of moons around Jupiter, and his

observations of the phases of the planet

Venus. This happened in the year 1610.

Galileo was the first person to discover the unique

characteristics of the pendulum. The pendulum is assembled from a string or a light rod with a weight at one end. Galileo found that each

pendulum has a constant period. The period is the time

in which a pendulum returns to the position it was in at the

beginning of the period.

Galileo Galilei

Sir Isaac Newton

JenniferZaremba

Who was Sir Isaac Newton?

was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer,

natural philosopher, and theologian who is perceived

and considered by a substantial number of

scholars and the general public as one of the most influential men in history.

Sir Isaac Newton (January 4, 1643 – March 31, 1727)

Birth: December 25, 1642 Death: March 20, 1727

Place of Birth: Woolsthorpe, England Known for:

-Inventing, in part, the branch of mathematics now known as calculus -Formulating the three laws of motion, which describe classical

mechanics -Proposing the theory of universal gravitation, which explains that all

bodies are affected by the force called gravity Career:

1661: Entered Trinity College, University of Cambridge -1665-1666: Developed what he called the fluxional method (now known

as calculus) while living in seclusion to avoid the plague 1669-1701: Served as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the

University of Cambridge 1687 Published his seminal work, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural

Philosophy), which contained his three laws of motion and the theory of gravitation

1703-1727: Acted as president of the Royal Society, an organization that promotes the natural sciences

1704: Published Opticks (Optics), describing his theory that white light is a blend of different colors

Fast

Facts

Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

According to Newton’s First Law..

An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced

force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an

unbalanced force. This law is often called "the law of inertia".

According to

Newton’s

Second Law ..

Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed

(to accelerate the object).

THIS MEANS THAT ..

Heavier objects require more force to move the same distance as lighter

objects.

According to Newton’s Third Law..

For every action, there

is an equal and opposite

reaction.

This means that . . for every force there

is a reaction force that is equal in size,

but opposite in direction. Whenever

an object pushes another object, it

gets pushed back in the opposite direction

equally hard.

Sir Isaac Newton