FUTURE IPP’s CAN BENEFIT FROM EXISTING EUROPEAN NET METERING SYSTEMS. Johan Woudstra (THU)...
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Transcript of FUTURE IPP’s CAN BENEFIT FROM EXISTING EUROPEAN NET METERING SYSTEMS. Johan Woudstra (THU)...
![Page 1: FUTURE IPP’s CAN BENEFIT FROM EXISTING EUROPEAN NET METERING SYSTEMS. Johan Woudstra (THU) jbwoudstra@hhs.nl & Ben Groenewald (CPUT) groenewaldb@cput.ac.za.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062712/56649c755503460f94928170/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FUTURE IPP’s CAN BENEFIT FROM EXISTING EUROPEAN NET METERING SYSTEMS.
Johan Woudstra (THU)[email protected]
&
Ben Groenewald (CPUT)[email protected]
15 - 16 August 2012ICUE Conference
Protea Hotel, Stellenbossh
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Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Opportunities in South Africa (SA)
3. Dutch/European System of Distributed Generation (DG)a. Solar and Wind Systems
Cost & SavingsPayment of Energy delivered back to the GridPermits
b. Metering Systems
Analogue and Digital Smart Metering (Billing System)
c. Integration of Solar and Wind Systems into the Grid
4. Conclusion
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Opportunities in South Africa (SA)
• Two acts direct the planning and development of the country’s electricity sector:
– The Electricity Regulation Act (ERA) of 2006 (No. 4 of 2006).
– The National Energy Act of 2008 (No. 34 of 2008).
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Opportunities in South Africa (SA)
• August 2009, Department of Energy (DoE) gazetted Electricity Regulations on New Generation Capacity under the Electricity Regulation Act (ERA).
• The New Generation Regulations established:
– Rules and guidelines applicable to the undertaking of an IPP Bid Programme
– Procurement of IPP’s for new generation capacity
– Facilitation of fair treatment and non-discrimination between IPP’s and the buyer of the energy.
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Components of Dutch Electricity Grid
• Production Nuon, Essent, Electrabel, Delta,
E.ON - (65% of market)
• Transport TenneT
• Distribution NUON, Essent, Eneco
• “Dealers” GreenChoice, Nederlandseenergie bedrijf, Nuon, Eneco,Atoomstroom, etc.
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Distributed Generation Technologies Used
• Solar
• Wind
• Water?
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A typical IPP supply system connected to the national grid
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Dutch/European System of Distributed GenerationSolar Systems
Solar panel roof installation
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Dutch/European System of Distributed GenerationSolar Systems
Typical Solar installation on a farm in Spain
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Government Grants for Solar Panels/Farms
From 2 July 2012 – December 2013
Applicants get 15% of the cost of the Panels
Up to a maximum of 650 euro (R6500)
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Basic Compensation for Solar Power Generation(Government Regulation)
Dealers must compensate your own use up to 5000 kWh/year
When you use 5000 kWh and you produce 5000 kWh you have to pay nothing
This means: Solar kWh price is ± 0.20 euro
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Payment Example No. 1(per year)
Used 4000 kWh
Produced solar 3000 kWh
Difference 1000 kWh (due by customer)
Consumer pays: 1000kWh x €0.2 = €200
1000kWh x R2.00 = R2000
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Payment Example No. 2
Used 4000 kWh
Produced solar 6000 kWh
Difference 2000 kWh (customer over supply)
Payment received: 2000 kWh x €0.07 = €1402000 kWh x R0.70 = R1400
Price produced solar energy: €0.07/kWh = R0.70/kWh
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Payment Example No. 3
Used : 8000 kWh
Produced solar: 6000 kWh
To Pay: (8000-5000) kWh x €0.20 = €600
Compensation received: 1000kWh x €0.07 = €70
Total amount due by customer: €600 – €70 = €530
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Payment Example No. 4
Used 7000 kWh
Produced solar 8000 kWh
To Pay (7000-5000) kWh x €0,20 = €400
Compensation received: 3000 kWh x €0,07= €210
Total amount due by customer: €400 – €210 = €190
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Permits for Solar Installations
Depending on local government rules
Most cases no permit necessary
Only when you change the look of your roof
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Dutch/European System of Distributed Generation Wind Systems
Example of a horizontal axis wind turbine
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Example of a vertical axis (Darius) wind turbine
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Wind Turbines on a farm
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In the future we will have
enough energy but no food!!
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Government Grants for Wind Turbines
• Generally No Grant for small scale Wind Turbines < 15 kW
• Local governments do have there own system
• Dealers must compensate your own use up to 5000 kWh/year (government regulation)
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Grants for Large Wind Turbine >15 kW
SDE = Stimulation (Duurzame) Sustainable Energy
Complicated arrangement but it guarantees a basic payment per kWh
Depending on the market price you get a grant
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Investment and Profit for Large Wind Turbines
Cost of 3 MW Wind Turbine : ± 4.6 million euro
Repayment period: 15 years
Electricity produced over 15 years: ± 8 million euro
The profit is ± 1.2 million euro = ± 80 000 euro/year
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Permits for Wind Turbines
• Environment and building permits are required
• In urban areas wind turbine heights are restricted to no higher than 18m (local government rules may dictate otherwise)
For large wind turbines it is difficult to obtain a permit.
Can take years to obtain a permit due to regulations and procedures.
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Dutch/European System of Distributed Generation Metering
A Typical “Draaistroommeter” (Ferraris meter)
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Typical Smart meter used in the Netherlands
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Example of a settlement for the solar energy production of a year
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Example of a grid tie inverter
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Example of a grid tie inverter
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Typical Grid Tie Inverter specifications
• Model GTI-500W • AC Output Voltage Range 190V ~ 260V • AC-output Frequency Range 46Hz ~ 65Hz • Total Harmonic Distortion <5% • Power Factor 0,99 • DC-Input Voltage Range 14V ~ 28V• Peak Efficiency 94% • Stand-by Power <0,5 W
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Conclusion
Clear that there are opportunities for IPP’s
Distributed Generation (DG) can lighten the supply load on Eskom without affecting profit margins
Recently 28 IPP licenses were approved by NERSA – shows SA’s commitment to encourage independent power generation
Much can be learned from the Dutch/European System!
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Thank You
Questions?