Future Internet Research

FUTURE INTERNET RESEARCH

Antonio Marcos Alberti

Sábado, 29 de abril de 2017.

Outline1. Introduction 2. Substrate Resources and Its Integration with Software 3. Software-Defined Networking 4. Information, ID/Loc Splitting, Semantic, Context, and Mobility 5. Autonomic Technologies 6. Security, Privacy, and Trust 7. Services and Applications 8. Simplicity, Sustainability, and Evolvability

1. Introductionü The Internet has invaded most aspects of life and society,

changing our lifestyle, work, communication, and social interaction.

ü Nobody doubts about the fundamental role of the Internet on our society.

1. Introductionü Nevertheless, the Internet today is a complex agglomerate of

protocols that inherits the grown legacies of decades of patchwork solutions.

ü It was designed in an era where technological development was completely different from today.

ü This motivated many people to question the adequacy of the TCP/IP stack to meet our information society needs.

ü Since this question was first made, a lot of initiatives to reshape the Internet appeared around the world - the so called Future Internet design.

1. Introductionü The main motto question is:

ú Considering the current state-of-art on computing and communications, is it possible to design right now a new Internet that best meets our information society needs?

2013

After redesign!!!

1970

The Beetle

The Internet

No deep redesign until now!!!

Huge scale!

Simple

(c) Marco Casaroli 2014

Virtual LAN (VLAN)


Provider Backbone Bridge (PBB)


Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)


Tunnel IP over IP


Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN)


V$#^!X!LANWaste of the precious bit rate achieved by physical layer!


Too much control, too few useful information!

1. Panorama on the Current Internet Statusü The Internet looks like a TetrisTM game in which the player is almost "Dead" !!!

IP

TCPUDP

SIP

Overlays

Internet TCP/IP: GAME OVER!?

ATMSDH

1. Introductionü These limitations motivated many people to question the

adequacy of the current Internet architecture to meet the exponential growths expected to the Internet in the next decades!

ü Since this question was first made, a lot of initiatives to reshape the Internet appeared around the world - the so called Future Internet Architecture (FIA) design.

ü There are two extremes on the path to FIAs: ü Evolutionary ü Clean Slate

1. Introduction

‣ Map of world wide initiatives

Japan: NICT, Univ. Tokio. -Akari, Net. Virtual. Lab. -JGN, JGN2, JGN2+ -Spark

Map: Wikipédia.

© Antônio M. Alberti

Europe: FP6/FP7/Horizon2020, PPP, KIC, Eureka, EuroNF - EIFFEL, GÉANT2, OneLab & PanLab, NESSI, NEM, RNRT

- 4WARD, SENSEI, S-CUBE, 2020 3D, eMobility, G-Lab, AutoI - CASCADAS, SAIL, IRATI, ABNO, NFV - FIA: FCN, FIRE, SOFI, RWI; FI-PPP: FI-WARE, FINEST - ETPs: NEM, NESSI, Net!Works, EPoS, ENIAC.USA: NeTS e Outros

- NewArch, 100x100 - FIND, NOSS, ProWin - NBD, GENI, PlanetLab - Internet2 - RINA, XIA, MobilityFirst - CCNx, NDN

Canada: - Canarie

Asia: - AsiaFI - CJK

Korea: - FIF, MOFI, - IDCOM, DIANA

Brazil: - RNP, FIBRE - Horizon - RouteFlow - NovaGenesis

China: - CNGI

This is our approach!

2. The Race for Future Internet Architecturesü U.S.A.

ü First initiatives: ü RINA (Late 1990-), NewArch (2000-2003): FARA & NIRA,

100x100 Clean Slate Project (2003-2006), Ethane (2006-?), SDN & OpenFlow (2008-), 4D, I3, NSF FIND (2006-), GENI (2005-), POMI, NetFPGA.

ü More recent initiatives: ü NSF NeTS-FIA: XIA, MobilityFirst, NDN, Nebula, ChoiceNet.

2. The Race for Future Internet Architecturesü Europe

ü First initiatives: ü FP6-IST:

ü Internet of the Future: Ambient Networks (2004-2007), DAIDALOS II (2003-2008)

ü Future and Emerging Technologies: ANA (2006-2009), HAGGLE (2006-2010), BIONETS (2006-2010), CASCADAS (2005-2007).

ü More recent initiatives: ü FP7:

ü Hundreds of initiatives: 4WARD, SAIL, TRILOGY, AutoI, PSIRP, SENSEI, AWISSINET, FIRE, FIBRE, THINK TRUST, E3, SOA4ALL, S-CUBE, NEXOFRA, ASPIRE.

2. The Race for Future Internet Architecturesü Asia

ü Initiatives: ü Japan: Akari, NWGN Forum, JGN2 ü Korea: MOFI, DIANA, IDCOM, FI Forum, KOREN ü China: TUNOS, FINE, SAVA

2. The Race for Future Internet Architecturesü South America

ü Initiatives: ü Brazil: Horizon, NovaGenesis, RouteFlow, FIBRE, ETArch

THE PROBLEM

We are trying to integrate Internet with Clouds, “Things”, and People, but the current Internet

architecture was not designed for that!

THE PROBLEM

The Internet has several limitations (naming, mobility, security, privacy, trust) that may be reflected

in real problems for people, disappointing them, causing real damage.

THE PROBLEM

There is a "false" consensus outside the technological area that ICT technologies meet all the requirements

of our society.

THE PROBLEM

Those who deal everyday with these technologies know their limitations.

THE PROPOSAL

OUR SCOPE

Simplicity, Sustainability, and Evolvability

Services and Applications

Security, Privacy, Trust

Autonomic Technologies

Substrate Resources and Its Integration with Software, including IoT

Software-Defined Networking

Information-Centric Networking

ID/Loc Splitting and Mobility

2. Substrate Resources and Its Integration with Softwareü Technology Evolution ü Abundance ü Internet of Things ü Exposition and Virtualization

(c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.

VERY OFTEN, PEOPLE CITE MOORE'S LAW AS AN EXAMPLE OF LAW CAPABLE OF

PREDICTING TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTING POWER.

Gordon Moore, 2004.Co-funder of Intel Corp.


“THE QUANTITY OF TRANSISTORS THAT

CAN BE PLACED INEXPENSIVELY ON AN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

HAS DOUBLED APPROXIMATELY

EVERY TWO YEARS.”


MORE RECENTLY, RAYMOND KURZWEIL PRESENTED A THEORY FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND A NEW LAW THAT EXPANDS MOORE LAW TO DESCRIBE THE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES.

THE LAW OF ACCELERATING RETURNS


tee

ABUNDANCE: THE FUTURE IS BETTER THAN YOU THINK

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurologia

DISRUPTION

SOFTWERIZATION UBERIZATION INTERNET OF THINGS CLOUD, BIG DATA

UBIQUITY

DEVICES EVERYWHERE SMART DUST

MINIATURIZATION

CENTIMETER MICROMETER NANOMETER

INTERNET OF MICRO & NANO THINGS

Anders

?

‣ To make an Internet build of physical “Things”.

‣ To bring the Internet to the “Things”.

‣ To put the “Things” on the Internet.

‣ How many “Things”?

Internet of Things

(c) Antonio Alberti 2014, Inatel - All rights reserved.

NASA

© Antônio M. Alberti 2013

Exposition and Virtualizationü Exposition: to make this diffuse substrate of hardware resources

transparently and uniformly available to software by means of descriptors and metadata, containing its capacities, utilization, states, limitations, etc.

Exposition and Virtualizationü Virtualization: to emulate in software some hardware substrate

functionality.

ü Exposition+Virtualization allows multiple Virtual Networks (VNs) to share the same Substrate Network (SN).

ü Virtualization give rise to Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Virtual Network Function concepts.

ü Also, there is the Smart Object idea in IoT.

SMART OBJECT

A software that represents/mirrors a thing.

Proxy Service


4. Software-Defined Networkingü What is SDN? ü The Four Abstractions Behind Shenker’s SDN ü OpenFlow

Simplicity, Sustainability, and Evolvability

Services and Applications

Security, Privacy, Trust

Autonomic Technologies

Substrate Resources and Its Integration with Software

Software-Defined Networking

Information-Centric Networking

ID/Loc Splitting and Mobility

What is SDN?

• Networking can be defined as the act of establishing a network among equipment in order to exchange data and information.

• SDN means to rethink network architectures considering the important role of abstractions. Means to do networking as “software engineering”.

• SDN means to establish networks where physical/virtual equipment functionalities are controlled by software.

Networking Plane’s Interaction

Fonte: Andrés F. M. Quezada, “Uma Visão Geral de Redes Definidas por Software e o Protocolo OpenFlow”, Trabalho de Conclusão, Pós-Graduação Inatel, 2014

Decoupling Hardware from Software


The Four Abstractions


OpenFlow

• It is probably the best well-known SDN initiative.

• It covers the structure of an OpenFlow switch as well as the protocol used by the control program (controller) to generate the network view and to configure forwarding tables.

• A diversity of controllers can be used together with OpenFlow: NOX, HyperFlow, DevoFlow, Onix, etc.

!  OpenFlow é uma das propostas mais populares para SDN.

!  Controle limitado a configuração de tabelas de encaminhamento de quadros em comutadores compatíveis.

!  Quadros de fluxos desconhecido são encaminhados para o controlador.

Controlador Controlado

Controles

Estados

Regra Saída #1 0 #2 1

OpenFlow em Wireless


4. Information, ID/Loc Splitting, Semantic, Context and Mobilityü Information-centrism ü ID/Loc Splitting ü Mobility ü Semantic, Context, Context-Awareness and Ontology


Information-centrismü Information as a key ingredient in design.

ü Information is in everywhere, i.e. contracts, location, police, IDs, descriptors, naming, etc.

ü “Information is everything and everything is information” (PSIRP, 2009).

ü Forwarding and routing using information names.


ID/Loc Splittingü Future networks need to separate identifiers (ID) from locators

(Loc) → the so called ID/Loc splitting.

ü This split is required not only for physical entities (e.g. hosts), but also for virtual entities as well as for content.


Mobilityü The challenge is to comprehensively support user, terminal,

service, application, virtual networks, information, and other real and virtual entities mobility.

Jeff Geerling

Encryptedrulerblakeburris

We need a mobility-friendly environment.


5. Autonomic Technologiesü Autonomic Computing ü Autonomic Communications

Axel Rouvin

Self-emergent social behavior


Autonomic Computingü Why autonomic computing?

ú Accelerated returns: § Boom in diversity, scale and complexity.

ú Human capability limitations: § Highly stressful job and deep sense of failure.

ú OPEX: § Human resources are expensive.

ú Rapid adaptation to the environment.


Autonomic Computingü (IBM, 2001):

ú A famous manifesto → autonomic computing.

ú “Computing systems’ complexity appears to be approaching the limits of human capability”.

ú Bio-inspired → human autonomic nervous system governs various functions without our awareness.

ú Computational systems → manage themselves according to high-level objectives outlined by human operators.

ú Reduce human interference and OPEX.


Autonomic Computingü (Dobson et al., 2010):

ú The most notable omission from IBM’s original vision is autonomous elements communication.

ü (Clark et al., 2003): ú To incorporate more autonomy in communication networks,

creating the so-called Knowledge Plane.

Why not a self-driven Internet?

Is there any risk?


6. Security, Privacy and Trustü Requirements and Challenges

Väsk


Requirements and Challengesú Built in or inherent;

ú Change to consented communications, e.g. publish/subscribe paradigm;

ú Establishment of trusted networks → entities, services, users, etc.

ú How to evaluate trust and reputation?

ú Privacy → To help users to protect and preserve their privacy;

ú To identify, assess, monitor, analyze and sort risks, vulnerabilities and threats;

Ds02006

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Ds02006


7. Services and Applicationsü Service-centric Approaches ü Internet of Services ü Digital Business Ecosystems


Service-centric Approachesü Software design → changing from component-based to service

oriented design: service-centrism.

ü The idea → applications are flexibly and dynamically constructed by the composition of distributed software services or utilities.

App

S8 S9

S7 S6 S5

S4 S3 S2 S1


Internet of Servicesü Above a certain level of abstraction everything can be viewed as

a service → Internet of Services.

ü (Villasante, 2009): ú “Internet of Services – Supporting the service economy (70% of

GDP in modern societies)”.


Digital Business Ecosystems ü Dynamic service compose-ability → integrate business

processes with applications and services, creating the so called Digital Business Ecosystems (DBEs).

ü DBEs → the new savannah.


8. Simplicity, Sustainability and Evolvabilityü Simplicity ü Sustainability ü Evolvability

http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/locoart/locoart.html



Simplicityü To call attention on how difficult it is to design with simplicity we

can evoke Leonardo Da Vinci’s: ú “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication”.

ü Or as Einstein said: ú "Make everything as simple as possible, but no simpler.”


Jürgen Schmidhuber: Low Complexity Art



Sustainabilityü Ops! We need to redesign the Internet again...

ü Sustainability can be defined as the property of maintaining a certain level/situation in the course of time.

ü Akari also aims to project a sustainable network, capable to evolve and support information society requirements in the next decades.


Evolvabilityü Evolvability is a definition related to biological systems.

ü (Rowe & Leaney, 1997): ú “the ability of a system to adapt in response to changes in its

environment, requirements and implementation technologies.”

Darwin evolutionary tree.

Qz10


Thank You!

Antônio Marcos Alberti

antonioalberti.blogspot.com facebook.com/antoniomarcos.alberti

researchgate.net/profile/Antonio_Alberti linkedin.com/profile/view?id=69752898

http://inatel.academia.edu/AntonioMarcosAlberti mendeley.com/profiles/antonio-marcos-alberti/

twitter.com/antoniomalberti

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