Furnishing Industry Reference Committee (IRC) · East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002 ... The furnishing...

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Prepared on behalf of the Furnishing IRC for the Australian Industry and Skills Committee (AISC)

Furnishing Industry Reference Committee (IRC) MSF Furnishing Training Package IRC Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work 2017-2021

April 2017

IRC Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work 2017-2021

This IRC Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of work 2017-2021 has been produced with the assistance of funding provided by

the Commonwealth Government through the Department of Education and Training.

IBSA also acknowledges the September 2016 Four Year Work Plan, produced by

Manufacturing Skills Australia (MSA), on which this version is based.

IRC Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work 2017-2021 MSF Furnishing Training Package

Contents Executive Summary 1

Administrative Information 3

Sector Overview 3

Furnishing - Snapshot of the industry 3

The furnishing manufacturing industry – business size and numbers 5

Licensing, regulatory or industry standards 10

Challenges and opportunities in the sector/sub-sector at the international/national/jurisdictional or

regional level 12

Employment 16

Employment outlook 16

Workforce supply-side challenges and opportunities 16

Additional information 22

IRC analysis 24

Skills outlook 25

International and national trends 25

Other relevant skills-related insights for this sector 27

Training Product Review Plan – 2017-2021 28

Items identified as time critical and to be included in the priorities for 2017-18 28

IRC Signoff 28

IRC Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work 2017-18 to 2020-21 Furnishing IRC 29


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Executive Summary The Furnishing Industry Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work, links the sector trends, workforce skill

priorities and training plan to effectively meet the future skill needs of this sector in transition by:

• providing an understanding of the industry including its primary activities, its size and sub sectors, type and

location of employers, and opportunities and challenges (Sector Overview);

• outlining the critical workforce challenges and opportunities (Employment);

• forecasting future skills priorities by describing trends in workplace and job design (Skills Outlook); and

• proposing and prioritising training product development and review activities (Training Product Review

Plan).

This April 2017 update to the Furnishing Industry Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work augments the

earlier Four Year Work Plan submitted in September 2016 with an executive summary, incorporation of updated

priorities for training product development and review following recent consultations with the Furnishing IRC and

State Training Authorities.

What is the furnishing industry? The furnishing industry includes manufacturing and installation of internal décor and structural aspects of residential

and commercial buildings, as well as some external structures such as awnings. The industry is concentrated on the

eastern seaboard with the majority of businesses operating as non-employers or small businesses.

The impact of new technologies and advanced materials continue to vary across sectors. The close alignment of the

furnishing industry with the construction industry drives hotspots of activity in contrast to the impact of the downturn in

construction associated with the resources industry. Market differentiation through customisation, green credentials

and complete service from design to installation are being used as strategies to compete with challenges resulting

from international trade agreements.

Critical workforce challenges and opportunities Employers raised workforce supply side opportunities to align synergies between the skills of displaced automotive

workers including, upholstery and glazing to address sector shortages as well as specialised skills in shop fitting and

textiles that complement skills required for commercial furnishings and clothing production respectively.

Stakeholder feedback indicates that workforce supply side challenges exist at two levels:

• Broad challenges include the impact of thin markets in niche skill areas, attracting workers to manufacturing

based on the public perception of an industry in decline rather than transition, labour market mobility, the

integrity of nationally recognised training in a state of ongoing VET reforms both nationally and at the

jurisdictional level, skill levels for students of VET in schools and recruitment of apprentices and trainees.

• Specific sector challenges include the lack of training resources to keep up with new machine technologies

and furniture fittings, upskilling an ageing cabinet maker workforce and accessing picture framing training.


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Forecasting skills priorities The skills priorities have been informed by international and national trends and stakeholder feedback.

Workplace and job design are being impacted by new technologies which are revolutionising automation and

requiring workers to develop new skills and ways of working including those around ‘lean’ and energy efficiency.

Evidence of ‘green credentials’ and provenance of manufacture and sustainability are driving the need for upskilling

of existing workers beyond trade skills to include problem solving, installation and digital technologies. Growing

demand for bespoke and boutique furniture and customisation is creating demand for tradespeople who can not only

make, but also fit to customer expectations.

Embedded technologies such as low voltage lighting and switchable glass require workers to have skills to safely

install and commission.

Training Package priorities The Training Package Review Plan 2017-18 to 2020-21 was developed by the IRC with support from IBSA

Manufacturing based on identified industry trends. This plan lists the priorities over the next four years, the rationale

for these priorities, and the proposed scope and timeframes for these activities.

The items identified as critical and proposed for inclusion as a priority for the 2017-2018 schedule of work are:

Blinds and Awnings Sector

• Develop a business case with the view to developing training products for roller shutters.

• Investigate the need to include more skill sets to cover low voltage within Certificate III in Blinds, Awnings, Security Screens and Grilles

Glass and Glazing Sector

• Customer service skills to align with more sophisticated business models with strong emphasis on customer service and relationship

• Commence initial investigative work on reviewing and renaming MSF50113 – Diploma of Stained Glass and Leadlighting to Diploma of Glass and Glazing as identified by the industry.

Trade and related skills

• Technical drawing, CAD modelling, construction, contractual obligations have also become an integral part of many businesses of Cabinet-making, Bathroom Cabinetry & Kitchen design, Shop-fitting and Furniture Manufacturers in Australia.

The IRC Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work 2017-18 to 2020-21 table provided at the end of this

document lists the priorities for subsequent years.


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Administrative Information Name of Industry Reference Committee (IRC): Furnishing Industry Reference Committee

Name of Skills Service Organisation (SSO): Innovation & Business Skills Australia (IBSA Manufacturing)

Sector Overview Furnishing - Snapshot of the industry The Australian furnishing manufacturing industry covers a diverse array of sectors from furniture and furnishings, to

kitchens, cabinets, glass, window and doors and furnishing design, as well as flooring and picture framing. The

industry is an important contributor to the Australian economy.

The Australian furnishing industry is made up of four main areas:

• residential furniture/furnishings/glazing • commercial (office or corporate) • hospitality (hotels, motels, resorts, etc.) • design (interior, furnishing and manufacturing)

The majority of activity in the furnishing industry covers both manufacturing and installation internal décor and

structural aspects of residential and commercial buildings, as well as some external structures such as awnings.

Specialisations include:

• cabinet making and fitted furniture

• timber and composite machining

• furniture finishing

• upholstery

• beds and mattresses

• glass and glazing

• picture framing

• soft furnishing

• interior decorating

• blinds, awnings, security screens and grills

• flooring technology

The major hubs for the furnishing industry are located in four states: New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and

Western Australia1.

There are 27 qualifications in the MSF Furnishing Training Package ranging from Certificate I to Advanced Diploma

level:

• MSF10113 - Certificate I in Furnishing

• MSF20113 - Certificate II in Furnishing

1 IBISWorld, 2015, various


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• MSF20313 - Certificate II in Furniture Making

• MSF20213 - Certificate II in Furniture Finishing

• MSF20413 - Certificate II in Glass and Glazing

• MSF20516 – Certificate II in Furnishing Pathways

• MSF31213 - Certificate III in Piano Technology

• MSF31013 - Certificate III in Interior Decoration Retail Services

• MSF30613 - Certificate III in Soft Furnishing

• MSF30213 - Certificate III in Furniture Making

• MSF30813 - Certificate III in Flooring Technology

• MSF30313 - Certificate III in Timber and Composites Machining

• MSF30513 - Certificate III in Picture Framing

• MSF30113 - Certificate III in Furniture Finishing

• MSF30713 - Certificate III in Upholstery

• MSF31113 - Certificate III in Cabinet Making

• MSF30413 - Certificate III in Glass and Glazing

• MSF30913 - Certificate III in Blinds, Awnings, Security Screens and Grilles

• MSF31313 - Certificate III in Kitchens and Bathrooms - Retail Services

• MSF40313 - Certificate IV in Design of Kitchens, Bathrooms and Interior Spaces

• MSF40113 - Certificate IV in Interior Decoration

• MSF40213 - Certificate IV in Furniture Design and Technology

• MSF40413 - Certificate IV in Glass and Glazing

• MSF50113 - Diploma of Stained Glass and Leadlighting

• MSF50213 - Diploma of Interior Design and Decoration

• MSF50313 - Diploma of Furniture Design and Technology

• MSF60113 - Advanced Diploma of Interior Design

The furnishing industry in Australia is coded primarily within the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial

Classification (ANZSIC) in Division C Manufacturing, Subdivision 25 Furniture and Other Manufacturing and is Group

251 Furniture Manufacturing2.

It includes:

• 2511 Wooden Furniture and Upholstered Seat Manufacturing

• 2512 Metal Furniture Manufacturing

• 2513 Mattress Manufacturing

• 2519 Other Furniture Manufacturing

It also includes some elements of Class 2592 Toy, Sporting and Recreational Product Manufacturing such as:

• Billiard, snooker or pool table and equipment manufacturing

• Cricket set manufacturing

2 Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification 2006


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• Wooden toy manufacturing

It covers the manufacture of domestic household furniture including disassembled (flat pack) furniture, upholstered

furniture such as chairs and sofas, the re-upholstering of furniture, outdoor and office furniture (including filing

cabinets), beds and mattresses, wooden, metal, bamboo, cane and fibreglass furniture. It also includes the

manufacture and repair of musical instruments as well as French polishing and furniture finishing (Class 3692

Manufacturing not elsewhere classified, and Class 9499 Other Repair and Maintenance not elsewhere classified.)

There is considerable crossover into the construction industry with qualifications in areas such as Interior Decoration

(Retail Services), Flooring Technology and Glazing. Flooring technology is partly classified under Class 3243 Tiling

and Carpeting Services. The employment of floor finishers (carpet layers, timber floor layers, etc.) is also covered

under Carpet Retailing as the large carpet retail businesses are the biggest employers of this occupation.3 Interior

decoration is classified under Class 6924 Other Specialised Design Services. Glazing is covered under Class 2010

Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing and Class 3245 Glazing Services. Products manufactured with glass

components are covered under Class 2223 Architectural Aluminium Product Manufacturing and Class 1492 Wooden

Structural Fitting and Component Manufacturing.

The manufacture of screens, curtains, blinds and awnings is classified under Class 3239 Other Building Installation

Services in Division E Construction and under Class 1333 Cut and Sewn Textile Product Manufacturing. Wood-

framed door and window manufacturing is classified under Class 1492 Wooden Structural Fitting and Component

Manufacturing. This class also includes the manufacturing of pre-fabricated, wooden built-in cabinets and cupboards

and their installation.

Because of the diversity of the furnishing manufacturing industry, it is difficult to obtain comprehensive and accurate

data. The data quoted is for Group 251 Furniture Manufacturing unless otherwise stated.

Note: IBSA uses as its main data sources, the latest statistics available from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)

and the National Centre Vocational Education Research (NCVER). This may result in variations between data

collected..

The furnishing manufacturing industry – business size and numbers The ABS publishes ‘Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits’ annually. Data is sourced from the

Australian Bureau of Statistics Business Register (ABSBR). The most recent publication for the Financial Year 2014-

15 has been used for this IRC Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work. Businesses are classified by the

number of employees.

At the end of June 2009, there were 12,851 businesses operating in Australia within the furnishing industry4. The

majority of businesses were either non-employers (that is, they hadn’t submitted an Income Tax Withholding (ITW)

statement to the Australian Tax Office (ATO) for five consecutive years) or small businesses employing between 1 –

19 people5.

Note: Businesses have been classified according to the number of employees.

3 IBISWorld, 2015, Carpet Retailing in Australia 4 Australian Bureau of Statistics Counts of Australian Businesses 2008-09 5 Australian Bureau of Statistics Counts of Australian Businesses 2008-09


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Furnishing industry, Australia Businesses by size and state June 2009

Source: ABS Counts of Australian Businesses 2008-09

At the end of June 2015, there were 34,393 businesses operating in Australia within the furnishing industry6. This

includes businesses operating in the services area (glazing services and carpet and tiling services) and also carpet

retailing businesses which employ the majority of floor finishers. The majority of businesses were either non-

employers (54%) or small businesses employing between 1-19 people (43%). The significant growth in business

numbers over the past five years is largely due to the increased coverage of the Training Package. Since 2008-09,

the MSF Furnishing Training Package has expanded to include coverage of glass and glazing, security screens and

grilles, blinds and awnings and shade sails. The coverage of cabinet making has also expanded to include ‘fitted

furniture’.

6 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016, Counts of Australian Businesses including entries and exits, 2014-15

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Furnishing manufacturing industry, Australia Businesses by size and state June 2015


The furniture manufacturing industry is predominantly located in the major eastern states (New South Wales, Victoria

and Queensland) with New South Wales having the most businesses (3,429) at the end of June 2015. The majority

of businesses were small businesses, with 1 – 19 employees. Micro or sole traders were the second largest type of

enterprise (42.6%) with 4,372 such businesses operating in June 2015.7

7 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016, Ibid.

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Furnishing manufacturing industry, Australia Business numbers by ANZIC class and state June 2015


When looking at statistics of business numbers for the sector, it is important to remember that coverage by ANZSIC

codes does not exactly align with training package coverage. For example, the Counts of Australian Businesses

graph above includes coverage of Wooden Structural Fitting and Component Manufacturing, which includes wooden

roof truss manufacturing, not covered by the Furnishing Training Package.

Many of the major companies in the furnishing industry operate across multiple sectors. For example, Jeld-Wen

Australia Pty Ltd, a United States based multinational, operates in the aluminium doors and windows manufacturing,

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wooden structural components manufacturing and glass and glass products manufacturing sectors. The Australian

company, G James Australia, operates similarly.8 Some sectors, such as the carpet and textile floor covering

manufacturing, are dominated by subsidiaries of international companies. As a result, there is limited manufacturing

happening in Australia in these sectors. A success story in this industry is A.H. Beard who are successfully exporting

Australian manufactured mattresses to China.9

Another major company in the furnishing industry is Schiavello Group Pty Ltd. Schiavello operates in the wooden

furniture and upholstered seat manufacturing sector, providing an integrated service from design through

manufacture to installation and after sales services. They service international markets in South East Asia and the

Middle East as well as the domestic market.10

The Furnishing Training Package also covers the services side of the industry in providing qualifications and skill sets

for glaziers and flooring installers. The services sector of this industry dominates with tiling and carpeting services

having the largest number of businesses.11

According to IBISWorld12, many of the major carpet suppliers also provide maintenance services such as carpet

cleaning, colour matching and re-stretching. Flooring installers are often contracted to these suppliers. Several major

carpet retailing ‘names’ operate either as franchises or co-operatives (e.g. Carpet Call and Carpet One).

8 IBISWorld, 2015, Aluminium Door and Window Manufacturing in Australia 9 A.H. Beard, http://www.ahbeard.com.au/sleepwell/a-h-beard-targets-china-with-australian-made-bedding/ 10 Schiavello, http://www.schiavello.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Company-Profile-Sep-2013.pdf 11 Australian Bureau of Statistics, Counts of Australian Businesses, 2014-15 12 IBISWorld, 2015, Floor Coverings Retailing in Australia; Tiling and Carpeting Services in Australia


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Furnishing services, Australia Businesses by state and class June 2015


Licensing, regulatory or industry standards There are no specific licenced outcomes that relate to qualifications in the MSF Training Package. However,

depending on the jurisdiction, licensing requirements may apply to the use of some units or identified skill sets in this

training package. Local regulations should be checked for details.

Commercial furniture manufacturing is covered by a large number of regulations. Regulations may vary from

jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Old standards are being revised and new standards are in the process of being developed,

both of which will have an impact on the furnishing industry in the short term.

Flooring

The Furnishing Training Package has coverage of flooring sales and installation, with manufacturing of the product

having shared coverage between the MSF training package and the Textiles, Clothing and Footwear training

package. Flooring installation is a highly regulated area in terms of Australian Standards and compliance. In regards

to installation, Queensland requires a licence for Floor Finishing and Covering (Hard Sector)13 and South Australia

13 Queensland Building and Construction Commission, 2014, Floor Finishing and Covering (Hard sector), http://www.qbcc.qld.gov.au/floor-finishing-covering-hard-sector

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Other Building Installation Services Tiling and Carpeting Services

Glazing Services Floor Coverings Retailing


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requires a Builders Licence14. In other states, the industry attempts to self-regulate via industry associations and

peak bodies. No state requires a licence to install soft or decorative flooring.

Glass and glazing

Glass and glazing is a highly regulated and licenced area, with glass products and the installation of glass being

required to meet any numbers of Australian Standards.15

A licence is required to install glass in all states except the Northern Territory.

The Certificate IV in Glass and Glazing provides an in-depth coverage of relevant Australian Standards, and the

Certificate III in Glass and Glazing aims to bring an understanding of the standards and knowledge sufficient to meet

compliance.

Installation, service and maintenance were not traditionally covered under the Furnishing Training Package, but have

gradually crept into coverage as the industry aimed to ensure quality outcomes and correct usage and installation of

the products they manufactured.

Window furnishings

The blinds and awnings sector covers shade sails, blinds and curtains and security screens and grilles.

Queensland and the Northern Territory have implemented regulations covering the manufacturing of shade sails due

to the high risk of cyclones. The installation of shade sails in these states is not licenced.

The manufacturing of blinds and awnings is covered by many regulations and standards that must be complied with,

including the process of making the raw material into a product which requires an awareness of the standards.

However, the installation of these products is not consistently licensed or regulated. For example, Queensland is the

only state requiring a licence to install security screens and grilles. New South Wales is the only state requiring a

licence to install shade sails.

While there are Australian Standards that apply to various stages of manufacturing, there is no regulatory body

covering the production and installation, except where licensing is in place.

Cabinet making

The term ‘cabinet making’ covers the manufacturing and installation of cabinetry in both kitchens and bathrooms.

Manufacturing of the raw product is covered by the forest products industry.

Regulations for this sector vary from state to state, as do licence requirements. This page has a full listing of licensing

by state: http://www.licensedtrades.com.au/licensed/kitchens

Australian Standards specify tolerances and regulations governing cabinet making:

http://infostore.saiglobal.com/store/

14 Consumer and Business Services, 2015, Industry information, http://www.cbs.sa.gov.au/occupational-licensing-and-registration/industry-information/ 15 Australian Glass and Gazing Association, 2016, http://www.agga.org.au/members/australian-standards


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Timber and composite machining

Coverage is similar to cabinet making, where the forest products industry covers manufacturing of the raw product,

and the process of making the raw material into a finished product is covered by the furnishing industry. Performance

requirements set by Standards Australia around the use of the product exist but are not heavily enforced.

Furniture finisher

Again, this is an area which is shared in coverage between different training packages/industry sectors. Paint

manufacture and supply is under the coverage of the chemicals, hydrocarbon and refining sector, whereas the use of

the paint and other surface coatings by a painter or furniture finisher is covered by the furnishing sector. Again this is

an area which is regulated but not licenced.

In conclusion, stakeholders find the inconsistency around licensing and regulations has created a confused and

misinformed industry, where many micro and small businesses are confused about compliance. Therefore, there is a

need for better targeted training.

Challenges and opportunities in the sector/sub-sector at the international/national/jurisdictional or regional level Industry stakeholders have identified the following potential challenges and opportunities:

Challenges

Industry wide

• The Australian dollar

• Ageing workforce

• Technology around manufacturing and design

• Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

• Foundation skills

• Recruitment of apprentices and trainees

• Attracting workers into manufacturing – public perception that manufacturing is a declining industry when in

reality it is an industry transitioning to niche product development due to range of factors, including new

technologies and new work practices.

• Upskilling existing workforce

Delivery issues

• Lack of training resources to keep up with changes in machine technology and furniture fittings

• VET reform/privatisation/changes to TAFE/VET in schools

• Quality of training

• Full qualifications versus skill sets

• Thin markets – falling enrolment numbers in key skill areas where the need is small but critical. In some

areas registered training organisations (RTOs) are removing qualifications from scope or not delivering at

all.


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• Picture framing training is currently difficult to access through RTOs. There is interest and need in every

state and territory in Australia. There is a great need for funded recognition of prior learning (RPL) as the

industry does not have a culture of training.

• Increased pressure from employers regarding the time spent on off-the-job training. School leavers

appearing to be less academically capable affects the gaining and application of knowledge for trades.

• Integrity of VET – constant changes in compliance and funding models threaten to lower the integrity of

nationally recognised training. Recent publicity surrounding VET Fee Help has further tainted the reputation

of VET.

• Labour mobility as Australian designers will be replaced if they do not have the technical skills and

adaptability and flexibility

Opportunities:

Industry wide

• Robotics and automation/technology

• Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

• Technology around manufacturing and design

• Upskilling the existing workforce and using workers from other industries, such as automotive, where there

are skills shortages in the Furnishing industry

• Skilled migrants (Class 457 visas)

The take up of new technologies and advanced materials across the industry is inconsistent.16

For the Interior Design sector, technology is transforming the process of interior design practice with advances in

digital software, 3D printing and in particular Building Information Modelling (BIM)17. BIM is becoming standard for

large projects in terms of architecture and engineering and the next step will be interior design, and fit out companies

will need to be BIM ready to be included in any tender process. These advances in computer aided design (CAD)

encourage innovative work practices and facilitate interior designers operating in integrated project teams, on cloud

models and across multiple concurrent projects. The impact of these new technologies is reflected in changes to the

profile of Australian interior design businesses. Even though the overall size of the interior design profession grew by

25% between 2003 and 2013, the average number of designers employed by interior design firms, particularly larger

firms, declined in this period due in part to productivity gains from new technology18. The employment outlook for

commercial interior designers over the next five years is positive, with demand for interior designers expected to

increase by 15.6% to 2019, well above the 10% average across all occupations19. This is largely due to the increase

in commercial building projects in Sydney and Melbourne, as can be seen by redevelopment projects in Darling

16 IBISWorld, 2015, various reports 17 McGraw Hill Construction, 2014, The Business Value of BIM in Australia and New Zealand: How Building Information Modelling is Transforming the Design and Construction Industry 18 Robertson, D 2013, DIA Practice Notes, PN 034 (Issue B): Australian Design 2013: Issues & Concerns in the Design Professions, Design Institute of Australia, Melbourne 19 Australian Government, Department of Employment 2015, Occupation projections – five years to 2019


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Harbour, Green Square, Barrangaroo (NSW) and the Bays Precinct (Victoria) generating a high number of

commercial fit out projects and high density residential projects.20

For some sectors such as the specialised textiles sector, advanced materials, e.g. carbon fibre and advanced

polymers, are integral. In the cabinet making and furniture making sectors, the impact of flat pack furniture has been

enormous. Successful companies, such as Schiavello, are highlighting their ability to be innovative, provide a

complete service from design through custom manufacture to installation and ongoing customer support. Smaller

manufacturers are using customisation and handcrafting as points of differentiation. “Green” credentials and the

environmental skills and knowledge to apply clean, green and sustainable manufacturing processes as well as the

use of sustainable products are becoming increasingly important. The skill impact of these trends can be broad, from

sourcing carbon neutral products through to the ability to market your business as environmentally conscious.

Other sectors demonstrating a move to new technologies include the glass and glazing sector. Stakeholders report

that there is an increasing use of computer numeric controlled (CNC) operations which require operators to have

good technology skills. The kitchen and bathroom design and fitout sector reports that concrete bench tops and glass

splashbacks are becoming increasingly popular, leading to a need to upskill existing workers in these materials and

techniques. Furthermore, the industry is seeing increased demand for motorised furniture and metal furniture. As a

result, workers will need to develop a wider range of skills, in particular electrical skills in relation to the installation of

glass splashbacks and welding skills for metal furniture making. The industry as a whole is keen to investigate the

impact that mobile technologies such as google glass, tablets and smartphones etc. will have on future skill needs.

Many stakeholders view the TPP and FTAs less as an opportunity, more as a challenge. The challenge lies in

competing with the cheap imports that flow from the lower cost manufacturing countries. Also they expressed

concern regarding the perceived skills of overseas trained workers. However Skilled Migrants coming from countries

using advanced manufacturing technologies offer opportunities for cross skilling with the local workforce. In the

Interior Design sector, stakeholders see the TPP and FTAs making it more difficult for Australian designers to gain

and retain work internationally as they would lack the skills, flexibility and adaptability required.

Stakeholders expressed frustration at the current and ongoing VET reforms that are taking place both at

Commonwealth and jurisdictional levels. According to feedback from stakeholders, the uncertainty and lack of clarity

about the changes threatens to impact the integrity of nationally recognised training. Funding is a major issue, with

many stakeholders reporting that accessing training in many qualifications is difficult if not impossible as registered

training organisations (RTOs) either stop offering training or remove qualifications from scope due to financial

constraints. A further concern is that with the lack of delivery options, these qualifications will be deemed ‘redundant’

and will be removed from the Training Package. Western Australian stakeholders report that there is no longer any

training in some qualifications due to the issue of thin markets. This has resulted in students in areas such as

furniture finishing, upholstery and timber and composite machining having to travel to Queensland for training21.

Another area that is presenting a challenge is VET in schools delivery. Stakeholders are unhappy that qualifications

normally being delivered at work are currently being offered through the school system where the quality of outcomes

is questioned. This results in new entrants to the industry lacking the technical skills needed to perform competently

in the workplace and, without workplace experience, employers are concerned about the increased risk of injury.

20 Supplied by the Design Institute of Australia, March 2016 21 Information provided by the Food, Fibre and Timber Industry Training Council, 2016


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Furthermore, under the Timber Industry Award 201022, competency based progression creates barriers to

employment for those students deemed competent by the RTO but who fail to perform to industry expectations.

Stakeholders are concerned that if the appropriate attention and direction is not given to these issues, the industry

will face critical skills shortages in the short and long term.

22 Timber Industry Award 2010, Schedule C, Classification Structure and Definitions for the Wood and Timber Furniture Stream, http://awardviewer.fwo.gov.au/award/show/MA000071#P380_36893


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Employment Employment outlook The employment outlook for the furnishing industry is mixed with some sectors expected to continue to grow and

others to stagnate.

The industry is impacted by activity in the Australian construction industry. Stakeholders report that there are ‘hot

spots’ with some jurisdictions seeing a high amount of construction activity (e.g. Victoria with the growth in high-rise

apartment construction in Melbourne) which has been reflected in activity in the furnishing industry. However, the

downturn in the resources industry and shelving of some major resource construction projects, accompanied by the

transition of existing projects from the construction to the production phase in Queensland and Western Australia,

has had a negative impact on employment in those jurisdictions. Queensland however is expecting that with the flow

of Chinese development into residential high-rise construction in Brisbane over the next four to five years,

employment opportunities will increase significantly.23 Refurbishment activity is also expected to increase in the lead

up to the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast.

Many of the occupations in the industry are trade occupations, requiring a three to four year apprenticeship to reach

trade status. Skill shortages in such occupations have a large impact on the industry because of the long lead time to

obtain appropriately skilled workers. The industry is experience skill shortages across nearly all trade occupations

and with the ageing workforce, expect these shortages to increase in the next five years.

Employment is expected to grow in the glass and glazing, specialised textiles, flooring and commercial fitout sectors

as are all experiencing significant demand. Difficulties attracting new workers will affect the growth opportunities for

businesses concerned.

Workforce supply-side challenges and opportunities Stakeholders identified a number of workforce supply-side issues and opportunities. Among the opportunities they

saw was the demise of the automotive industry. Many saw synergies between the skills in the automotive industry

and their sectors. For example, at the moment there is a shortage of upholsterers, and stakeholders see synergies

between the skills of the automotive upholsterer and the furnishing upholsterer and also within the specialised textiles

sector. They also saw synergies between automotive glaziers and general glaziers.

Another area in which stakeholders saw synergies is between shop fitting and cabinet making especially in the

commercial furnishings sector. The specialised textiles sector is also seeing opportunities to meet employment

challenges for clothing production workers in areas such as canvas and sail making, upholstering, marine trimming,

soft furnishing – all thin market areas.

Thin markets are identified as a workforce challenge for the industry. Thin markets make it difficult for businesses to

access training opportunities due to small class sizes not being financially viable. As a result, registered training

organisations (RTOs) are decreasing their training offerings. Western Australian employers with apprentices in

furniture finishing, upholstery and timber and composite machining have to send their apprentices to Queensland for

23 Williams, S, 2016, The hottest high rise apartments coming to Queensland, Australian Financial Review, http://www.afr.com/real-estate/residential/qld/the-hottest-highrise-apartments-coming-to-queensland-20160422-god73l


17

training. This adds considerable cost to the business and acts as a disincentive to employ apprentices. Stakeholders

in the picture framing sector say that the sector is “desperately short of skilled framers” and cannot access training for

existing workers. Queensland is the only jurisdiction at the moment that is attempting to address this sector’s needs.

As of November 2015, Victoria had only one upholstery teacher in the public VET sector. The carpet retailing sector,

which is the major employer of carpet layers (covered under MSF flooring technology), is also very concerned and is

looking at a variety of initiatives to address this, including setting up their own training facilities.

Industry is concerned that if the challenge of thin markets is not addressed there will be significant loss of skills and

resources. Businesses are forced to use alternate qualifications or take on workers with no skills and informally train

on the job. This could lead to lower productivity and an inability to innovate new products and processes, essential for

companies to remain competitive in global markets. It also creates issues around consumer confidence in Australian

manufactured furnishings. There is a critical need to investigate a workable model that can better cater for training in

thin market areas, where appropriate funding, and therefore availability of training, is not always accessible.

Uptake and usage of the MSF Training Package varies greatly between the different qualifications. In 2014, 12,155

students commenced in publicly funded placements and 19,851 enrolments were recorded when including fee-for-

service commencements.

At the Certificates I and II level, the greatest uptake is in MSF10113 Certificate I in Furnishing and MSF20313

Certificate II in Furniture Making.

Enrolments in Certificate I and II level qualifications - MSF Training Package

Source: VOCSTATS <http://www.ncver.edu.au/resources/vocstats.html>, extracted on 11/05/16

The Certificate I in Furnishing is on scope at 115 RTOs, of which 101 are schools. There were 472 enrolments at

publicly funded institutions, and an extra 4,426 fee-for-service enrolments. The Certificate II in Furniture Making is on

scope at 83 RTOs, 36 of these are schools. This qualification recorded a massive 2,610 enrolments at publicly

funded institutions, and a further 2,186 fee-for-service enrolments. Industry notes that school based enrolments do

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

MSF10113 -Certificate I in

Furnishing

MSF20113 -Certificate II in

Furnishing


Furniture Finishing


Furniture Making


Glass and Glazing

NU

MBE

R E

NR

OLL

ED

QUALIFICATION

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


18

not necessarily lead to completions, and where they do complete the completer often lacks the practical experience

and skills to transition to the workplace. Their ‘competence’ is questioned by many in the industry.

Certificate III is recognised by the industry as the qualification level for trade occupations. In the first quarter of 2016,

there were 1,115 new contracts of training commenced at this level. 758 contracts were for the Certificate III in

Cabinetmaking. There were 5,798 apprentices in training at the time.24

When looking at enrolments in Certificate III level qualifications, the Certificate III in Cabinet Making has the greatest

number of enrolments, although training has decreased over the past five years. Industry is training less, and the

traditional job role of a cabinet maker has changed, with more employment opportunities in the fitted furniture sector

than in cabinet making.

There is some alignment of skills between carpentry and joinery and fitted furniture manufacture and installation,

resulting in cabinet makers competing with carpenters for employment in the same sectors, often unsuccessfully as

employers perceive carpenters as having a broader skills base. In addition to this, school leavers are more attracted

to carpentry and joinery than cabinet making as the perception of job opportunities is often greater. In fact, the

sought-after machining and manufacturing skills of the joinery trades are now better catered for within the Timber and

Composites Machining (woodmachining) as well as Cabinet Making qualifications.

24 Source: VOCSTATS, Apprentices and trainees, March 2016, <http://www.ncver.edu.au/resources/vocstats.html>, extracted on 21/09/16


19

Enrolments in Certificate III level qualifications MSF Training Package


Glass and glazing is another sector seeing strong enrolments at the Certificate III level, indeed growing in numbers

over the past five years. Since MSF30413 Certificate III in Glass and Glazing was restructured to include more

pathways within the qualification, industry have embraced training and promoted it, implementing strategies to

increase enrolments and retention. Industry notes a need to continue to keep this qualification up to date as the

profile of the glass industry changes and new technologies are taken up.

Other qualifications restructured in 2013 that have not seen the same increase in enrolments as glass and glazing

are the Certificate III in Timber and Composites Machining and the Certificate III in Blinds, Awnings and Security

Grilles. Both need further promotion, industry support and awareness in order to grow.

One factor behind low enrolments can be a lack of RTOs with the qualifications on scope. Other Certificate III level

qualifications with poor enrolments and lack of scope are as follows:

0 500 100015002000250030003500400045005000

MSF30113 - Certificate III in Furniture Finishing

MSF30213 - Certificate III in Furniture Making

MSF31113 - Certificate III in Cabinet Making

MSF30313 - Certificate III in Timber and CompositesMachining

MSF30413 - Certificate III in Glass and Glazing

MSF30513 - Certificate III in Picture Framing

MSF30613 - Certificate III in Soft Furnishing

MSF30713 - Certificate III in Upholstery

MSF30813 - Certificate III in Flooring Technology

MSF30913 - Certificate III in Blinds, Awnings,Security Screens and Grilles

MSF31213 - Certificate III in Piano Technology

MSF31013 - Certificate III in Interior DecorationRetail Services (Release 2)

MSF31313 - Certificate III in Kitchens andBathrooms - Retail Services

AXIS

TIT

LE

2014 2013 2012 2011 2010


20

Qualification Enrolments in 2014 (TVA) Number of RTOs on scope

Certificate III in Kitchens and Bathrooms - Retail Services

Five One (public)

Certificate III in Piano Technology 12 Nil

Certificate III in Blinds, Awnings and Security Grilles

Nil One (public)

Certificate III in Timber and Composites Machining

132 Nine (all public)

Certificate III in Soft Furnishing 27 Four (three public, one industry

association)

Certificate III in Picture Framing 50 Two (one public and one industry

association)

Source: VOCSTATS <http://www.ncver.edu.au/resources/vocstats.html>, extracted on 11/05/16. Number of RTOs on

scope accessed from training.gov.au April 2016

This lack of scope is in stark contrast to the opportunity to study interior design and decoration qualifications, as

evidenced in the table below:

Qualification Enrolments in 2014 (TVA) Number of RTOs on scope

Certificate IV in Interior Decoration 881 27 (includes nine private RTOs)

Diploma of Interior Design and Decoration

1,849 33 (includes 13 private RTOs)

Advanced Diploma of Interior Design 419 18 (includes eight private RTOs)

Source: VOCSTATS <http://www.ncver.edu.au/resources/vocstats.html>, extracted on 11/05/16. Number of RTOs on

scope accessed from training.gov.au April 2016

The Certificate IV in Interior Decoration has seen enrolment figures fluctuate over the past five years as a result of

funding models changing. The Certificate IV in Design of Kitchens, Bathrooms and Interior Spaces and the Certificate

IV in Glass and Glazing do not attract public funding, have four and one RTO respectively with the qualification on

scope, therefore poor uptake. Funding and the availability of it or lack thereof greatly influence in the industry’s

decision to train.

Stakeholders also report that despite high numbers enrolling in the Diploma of Interior Design and Decoration, the

majority choose to drop out prior to completion and RTOs typically award them on completing the Certificate IV in

Interior Decoration which is embedded in the Diploma but does not attract the funding.

In an attempt to deal with poor offering of many of the qualifications in the Furnishing Training Package, and

stakeholders’ reports of apprentices travelling often hundreds of kilometres for training, Industry Associations have


21

responded by establishing themselves as training providers. Industry supports these models, which often include

online and flexible delivery. These factors are reflecting the needs of small enterprises to more readily access

training.

Enrolments in Certificate IV and higher level qualifications MSF Training Package


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

MSF40213 -Certificate IVin FurnitureDesign andTechnology

MSF40113 -Certificate IV

in InteriorDecoration

MSF40413 -Certificate IVin Glass and

Glazing

MSF40313 -Certificate IVin Design of

Kitchens,Bathroomsand Interior

Spaces

MSF50113 -Diploma of

StainedGlass and

Leadlighting

MSF50213 -Diploma of

InteriorDesign andDecoration

MSF50313 -Diploma ofFurniture

Design andTechnology

MSF60113 -AdvancedDiploma of

InteriorDesign

(Release 2)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


22

Additional information The following graphs have been supplied by the Department of Education and Training. The Department has sourced

national occupation-related data from the Department of Employment and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to

inform the work of the IRCs.

Furniture Manufacturing – Employment Levels (000s)

Source: Department of Employment Labour Market Information Portal.25

IRC analysis

The graph above represents a small portion of the industry employing the workforce who have qualifications from the

MSF Furnishing Training Package. The difficulty with analysing employment projections is that the Department of

Employment data available is displayed at the three digit level, therefore including activities outside the coverage of

this Training Package. For example, ‘Group 323 Building Installation Services’ covers four divisions irrelevant to this

Training Package, and one which is, ‘Group 3239 Other building installation services’ (Installation of blinds, awning

and shutters). Other industry divisions who are major employers are:

• Group 1492 Wooden Structural Fitting and Component Manufacturing (covers Wooden kitchen cabinet

manufacturing, a major employer)

• Group 3242 Carpentry Services (covers the broad range of carpentry work on construction sites, with the

relevant activities being ‘Wooden kitchen cabinet installation’ and ‘Wooden flooring installation’)

• Group 3245 Glazing Services

• Group 6924 Other Specialised Design Services (Interior design services)

25 Note: Figures are displayed at the ANZSIC Division level 251. The graph includes current and historical employment levels, as well as a projected employment level to 2019

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2019

EMPL

OYM

ENT

LEVE

LS (0

00S)

YEAR


23

Key Occupations – Employment Levels (000s)

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)26

Key Occupations – Historical and Projected Employment Growth (%)

Source: Historical employment growth from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and projected employment

growth from the Department of Employment.27

26 Note: Occupations are at the four digit ANZSCO code. Employment levels are the five year annual average to 2015. Figures include all employed in the occupation across the economy, not just the relevant industry. 27 Note: Occupations are at the four digit ANZSCO code. The historical employment is the five year growth rate to 2015 and the projected employment growth rate is the expected growth rate to 2019. Rates are based on figures that include all employed in the occupation across the economy, not just the relevant industry.

020406080

100120

Sale

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epre

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ativ

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Arch

itect

ural

,Bu

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dSu

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ing

Tech

nici

ans

Prod

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Insu

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ome

Impr

ovem

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EMPL

OYM

ENT

LEVE

LS (0

00S)

OCCUPATIONS

SalesRepresentativ

es

Architectural,Building andSurveying

Technicians

ProductAssemblers

Cabinetmakers

Insulation andHome

ImprovementInstallers

Historical Growth (%) -10.92002341 -2.512615928 -21.17090677 -1.16063864 -9.018462843Projected Growth (%) 3.035605335 9.142330274 -35.68510616 -0.138855334 13.35459576

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

GR

OW

TH (%

)


24

IRC analysis The Department have chosen five key occupations for analysing employment levels, as displayed in the two graphs

on page 24, presumably under the assumption that these occupations employ the greatest number of workers with

qualifications from the MSF Furnishing Training Package. While Cabinetmakers and Insulation and Home

Improvement Installers are representative of occupations covered by the Training Package, the remaining

occupations chosen are not an accurate reflection of employment outcomes from this Training Package. A more

comprehensive list can be found in the table below, which MSA provided to the IRC in 2016 utilising data from the

Department of Employment28.

The IRC has expressed concern that the data supplied by the Department does not accurately reflect the current and

projected skill needs of the industry. Cabinetmakers remain a skill shortage occupation and with the ageing of the

workforce, there is a need for an increase in training effort to ensure the ongoing viability and sustainability of the

industry. Projections provided by the Department are largely based on historical data and the industry has been

through a downturn, largely driven by the growth of the resources industry as a more attractive employer. The recent

downturn in the resources industry is seeing a growth in other areas of the economy, including the furnishing

industry. This will drive increased demand for cabinetmakers and other skilled workers in the industry at a time when

it is already experiencing skill shortages.

Occupation Code

Occupation Employment level - November 2015 ('000)

Department of Employment Projections

Projected employment level - November 2020 ('000)

Projected employment growth - five years to November 2020

('000) (%)

2325 Interior Designers 11.5 13.8 2.3 19.9

3321 Floor Finishers 12.7 12.7 0.0 0.1

3331 Glaziers 8.3 8.7 0.4 4.6

3941 Cabinetmakers 26.1 24.1 -2.0 -7.8

3942 Wood Machinists and Other

Wood Trades Workers

5.6 6.0 0.4 7.1

7111 Clay, Concrete, Glass and

Stone Processing Machine

Operators

2.8 2.6 -0.3 -9.7

8214 Insulation and Home

Improvement Installers

19.6 20.7 1.1 5.4

28 Department of Employment, 2016 Employment Projections. Occupation projections http://lmip.gov.au/default.aspx?LMIP/EmploymentProjections Accessed July 2016.


25

Skills outlook International and national trends Both internationally and nationally, the impact of automation on job design continues. Across all sectors, technologies

such as robotics, CNC machining, CAD and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) continue to require workers to

develop new skills and ways of working. Also, businesses in this industry are increasingly looking to develop their

‘green credentials’ as a means of competitive advantage both within the domestic and global markets. The

introduction of ‘lean’ and energy efficiency processes is also having an impact on workplace design.

International trends around provenance of manufacture and sustainability are impacting the industry, especially those

businesses participating in global markets. As a result, these businesses are looking to upskill their employees in

these areas. Businesses are also looking at cross-skilling employees to increase their capabilities, especially as

larger companies downsize to meet market conditions. Increasingly, employers are looking for employees with not

just trade skills but also problem solving, use of mobile technologies, social media, installation skills and e-marketing

skills.

The industry is also being impacted by changing consumer behaviour, driven by exposure to ‘lifestyle’ programs, both

Australian and international. Consumer demand is driving a market for more personalised and customised products

and services with digital technologies, via the Internet, making personalisation and customisation much more

accessible. This has raised customer expectations of being able to get exactly what they want rather than settling for

mass-produced items. For some sectors, this is leading to demands for products and features currently not available

in Australia, providing an opportunity for Australian manufacturers if they have workers with the necessary skills. For

other sectors, it is a challenge as consumers ‘do-it-themselves’, resulting in a loss of business and the need to

diversify.

The impact of flat pack furniture and ‘do-it-yourself’ furniture has had a significant impact on the industry. However,

stakeholders are reporting a swing back to bespoke and boutique furniture, especially by established homeowners

wanting to upgrade their homes. This is driving demand for skilled trades people who can make and fit furniture to

customer expectations.

The five most important skills for the sector’s workforce within the next three to five years.

Rank Skill How identified

1 Technology Industry consultations

2 Green skills / sustainability Industry consultations

3 Lean and other business process skills Industry consultations

4 Installation skills Industry consultations

5 Personalisation and customisation Research validated through industry consultations


26

Generic workforce skills29

Ranked from 1 being the most important to 12 being the least important.

1 Technology

2 Environmental and Sustainability

3 Customer service / Marketing

4 Design mindset / Thinking critically / System thinking / Solving problems

5 Managerial / Leadership

6 STEM

7 Entrepreneurial

8 Communication / Virtual collaboration / Social intelligence

9 LLN

10 Learning agility / Information literacy / Intellectual autonomy and self-management

11 Financial

12 Data analysis

29 Pre-populated table supplied by the Department of Education and Training


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Other relevant skills-related insights for this sector The industry also identified a growing trend for the inclusion of extra low-voltage, embedded electronic equipment in

the fitted furniture sector.

Products are getting ‘smarter’ – more connected, intelligent and responsive. As cabinets become automatic, and

lighting ‘smart lighting’, the challenge for manufacturing is being able to embrace and integrate technologically

enabled elements into product designs. Huge shifts in technology have further removed what was once restrictive

barriers to resources, products and information. This has opened up access to new machinery and new business

models helping to generate significant improvements in productivity and capability.

Embedded technologies include extra low-voltage lighting within kitchen cabinetry, USB ports for charging electrical

items, as well electric switchable glass which has applications in residential, medical and commercial buildings. Being

extra low-voltage, these technologies do not require a licensed electrician for installation, however industry state that

installers need to have the required skills and knowledge to safely and effectively install them, and have called for the

development of new Units of Competency and/or a Skill Set as a priority to meet this need. There are similar skill

requirements being noted by the metal manufacturing and recreational vehicle manufacturing sectors.


28

Training Product Review Plan – 2017-2021 In September 2016, the IRC identified a range of training product items that need to be considered in the Training

Product Review Plan.

The IRC Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work 2017-18 to 2020-2021 table provided at the end of this

document lists the priorities for the next four years. This table also provides the rationale for these priorities, the

proposed scope and timeframes for these activities.

Items identified as time critical and to be included in the priorities for 2017-18 The items identified as critical and proposed for inclusion as a priority for the 2017-2018 schedule of work are:

Blinds and Awnings Sector

• Develop a business case with the view to developing training products for roller shutters.

• Investigate the need to include more skill sets to cover low voltage within Certificate III in Blinds, Awnings, Security Screens and Grilles

Glass and Glazing Sector

• Customer service skills to align with more sophisticated business models with strong emphasis on customer service and relationship

• Commence initial investigative work on reviewing and renaming MSF50113 – Diploma of Stained Glass and Leadlighting to Diploma of Glass and Glazing as identified by the industry.

Trade and related skills

• Technical drawing, CAD modelling, construction, contractual obligations have also become an integral part of many businesses of Cabinet-making, Bathroom Cabinetry & Kitchen design, Shop-fitting and Furniture Manufacturers in Australia.

IRC Signoff This IRC Skills Forecast and Proposed Schedule of Work was agreed as the result of a properly constituted IRC

decision and was approved by the Chair, Patrizia Torelli in April 2017.

Furnishing Industry Reference Committee (IRC) · East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002 ... The furnishing...

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