Fundamentals of Property Law

Fundamentals of Property Law

fifth edition

Barlow BurkeJohn S. Myers and Alvina Reckman Myers Scholar and Professor of Law

American University Washington College of Law

Ann M. BurkhartCurtis Bradbury Kellar Professor of Law

Distinguished University Teaching ProfessorUniversity of Minnesota Law School

Thomas P. GallanisAssociate Dean for Research,

Allan D. Vestal Chair in Law and Professor of HistoryThe University of Iowa College of Law

Carolina Academic PressDurham, North Carolina

Copyright © 2020Carolina Academic Press, LLCAll Rights Reserved

ISBN 978-1-5310-1658-6e-ISBN 978-1-5310-1659-3LCCN 2019946718

Carolina Academic Press700 Kent StreetDurham, NC 27701Telephone (919) 489-7486Fax (919) 493-5668www . caplaw . com

Printed in the United States of Amer i ca

The memory of my father, D. Barlow Burke, Philadelphia lawyer

— B.B.

For Alison, Mark, Alex, Ella, and Luc, a wonderful branch of the family tree

— A.M.B.

For R.H. Helmholz, who taught me Property and much more— T.P.G.

vii

Contents

Table of Cases xxi

Preface xlvii

Chapter 1 · Personal Property 3 I. Wild Animals 3

Pierson v. Post 3Notes 6Buster v. Newkirk 8Notes 8Keeble v. Hickeringill 9Notes 11Dapson v. Daly 11Note 12Notes on Larceny 13Ghen v. Rich 15Note 18State of North Dakota v. Dickinson Cheese Co., Inc. 18Note 19

II. Acquiring Abandoned Property 20Eads v. Brazelton 20Note 21Haslem v. Lockwood 22Note 24

III. Finders’ Rights 25Armory v. Delamirie 25Clark v. Maloney 25Barker v. Bates 26Notes 27South Staffordshire Water Co. v. Sharman 27Hannah v. Peel 29Notes 32Favorite v. Miller 34Notes 37

viii CONTENTS

IV. Wrongful Taking of Possession 39Anderson v. Gouldberg 39Notes 40Russell v. Hill 42Note 43A Note on the Scope of Conversion 44

V. Bailments 45Adams v. The New Jersey Steamboat Co. 47Notes 50Peet v. The Roth Hotel Co. 50Notes 53Allen v. Hyatt Regency- Nashville Hotel 54Note 58Cowen v. Pressprich 59Notes 62Carr v. Hoosier Photo Supplies, Inc. 63Notes 67A Note on Pawnbrokers 69

VI. Gifts 70Flower’s Case 70Irons v. Smallpiece 70Notes 71Gruen v. Gruen 72Notes 77

VII. Sales and Bona Fide Purchasers 78Midway Auto Sales, Inc. v. Clarkson 79Note 81Porter v. Wertz 81Note 88

VIII. Accession 89Ballard v. Wetzel 91Notes 93

IX. Fixtures 94First Trust & Savings Bank of Moville v. Guthridge 94Notes 99

X. Adverse Possession of Personalty 100Chapin v. Freeland 101Notes 103Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation v. Lubell 104Notes 109

CONTENTS ix

Chapter 2 · The Law of Neighbors 111 Introduction I. Adverse Possession 111

A. The Statutory Basis 111Fleming v. Griswold 112Notes and Prob lems 113

B. The Ele ments of Adverse Possession 114Anderson v. Cold Spring Tungsten, Inc. 114Grace v. Koch 118Notes 120

C. The Future of Adverse Possession 121Meyer v. Law 123Notes 126

II. Rights of Lateral and Subjacent Support 127A. Lateral Support 127

Noone v. Price 127Notes 132

B. Modifying the Duty of Support by Statute 133C. Subjacent Support 135

Island Creek Coal Co. v. Rod gers 135 III. Nuisance 138

Griffin v. Northridge 140Notes 142Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co. 143Notes 148Robert C. Ellickson, Alternatives to Zoning: Covenants, Nuisance Rules, and Fines as Land Use Controls 150Notes 151

IV. Air and Light 154A. Airspace 154

Murphy v. Bolger 155Notes 156Allegheny Airlines, Inc. v. Village of Cedarhurst 157Notes 159

B. Rights in Air and Light 162Sundowner, Inc. v. King 162Notes 164Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty- Five Twenty- Five, Inc. 165Notes 169Prah v. Maretti 170Notes 174

x CONTENTS

V. Water Rights 176A. Diffuse Surface Water 176

Westland Skating Ctr., Inc. v. Gus Machado Buick, Inc. 176Note 182

B. Groundwater 182Maddocks v. Giles 182Note 185MacArtor v. The Graylyn Crest III Swim Club, Inc. 186Note 189

C. Riparian and Littoral Rights 190Note 191

Chapter 3 · Estates in Land 195 I. The Fee Simple 195

Johnson v. Whiton 195Notes 197Epting v. Mayer 198Hall v. Hall 199Note 202Peters v. East Penn Township School District 202Notes 205Oldfield v. Stoeco Homes, Inc. 205Notes 207Bank of Powhattan v. Rooney 209Notes 211Estate of Elizabeth Beck 212Note 213

II. The Fee Tail 213Morris v. Ulbright 216Notes and Prob lems 217

III. The Life Estate 218Thompson v. Baxter 218Note 221Smith v. Smith 222Notes 224Brokaw v. Fairchild 225Notes 229New York, O. & W. R. Co. v. Livingston 229Notes 232

IV. Marital Estates 233A. The Common Law 233

Melenky v. Melen 234Notes 235

CONTENTS xi

B. Statutory Changes in Marital Estates 236C. Community Property 238

In re Kessler’s Estate 238Notes and Prob lems 243

D. Homestead Rights 243 V. Concurrent Estates 244

A. Basic Characteristics 244Prob lems 246

B. Creation of Concurrent Tenancies 246Camp v. Camp 246

C. Relations Among Concurrent Tenants 250Colburn v. Colburn 250Notes 255Mosher v. Van Buskirk 257Notes 258

D. The Termination of Joint Tenancies 258Riddle v. Harmon 258Notes 262Allison v. Powell 263Notes 265

VI. Reversions, Possibilities of Reverter, and Rights of Entry 266Village of Peoria Heights v. Keithley 267Notes and Prob lems 268Trustees of Calvary Presbyterian Church v. Putnam 268Note 270Richardson v. Holman 270

VII. Remainders 274A. Creation and Classification of Remainders 274

Edwards v. Hammond 276Notes 277Guilliams v. Koonsman 277Notes 279Linkous v. Candler 279Notes 281Browning v. Sacrison 282Notes 285

B. Three Special Rules Regarding Remainders 286Popp v. Bond 286Notes 287Finley v. Finley 288Notes and Prob lems 290Doctor v. Hughes 292Notes 293Stewart v. Merchants National Bank of Aurora 294

xii CONTENTS

VIII. The Statute of Uses and Executory Interests 297Blackman v. Fysh 299Notes 300Prob lems 301

IX. Powers of Appointment 302A. The Nature of Powers 302

Gilman v. Bell 302Bank of Dallas v. Republic National Bank of Dallas 304Notes 305

B. Va ri e ties of Powers 306Prob lems 307Prob lems 307

X. The Rule Against Perpetuities 307A. The Orthodox Rule 308

United Virginia Bank/Citizens & Marine v. Union Oil Co. 308Notes 311Jee v. Audley 312Laughlin v. Elliott 314Note 316Warren v. Albrecht 316Prob lems 319

B. Reform of the Orthodox Rule 320

Chapter 4 · Landlord and Tenant 323 I. Types of Tenancies 323

Alfano v. Donnelly 324Notes 325

II. Creation 326Note on Tenant’s Right to Possession 326Hannan v. Dusch 326Notes 332

III. Illegality and Frustration of Purpose 333A. Illegality 333B. Frustration 334

Smith v. Roberts 336Notes 337

IV. The Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment 338Blackett v. Olanoff 338Notes 340Echo Consulting Servs., Inc. v. North Conway Bank 340

V. The Covenant to Repair 345Sparkman v. Hardy 346Harts v. Arnold Bros. 348

CONTENTS xiii

Notes 349Atlantic Discount Corp. v. Mangel’s of North Carolina, Inc. 350Rose v. Freeway Aviation, Inc. 352Note 353Reste Realty Corp. v. Cooper 354

VI. The Implied Covenant of Habitability 358Wade v. Jobe 358Notes 362Hilder v. St. Peter 364Notes 366

VII. A Landlord’s Tort Liability 366Borders v. Roseberry 367Notes 371Feld v. Merriam 372Notes 378

VIII. Assignments and Subleases 379Davis v. Vidal 381Notes 387A. Assumption and Novation 389

First American National Bank of Nashville v. Chicken System of Amer i ca, Inc. 390Notes 394

B. Transfer Restrictions 396Julian v. Christopher 396Notes 400

C. Assignments and Real Covenants 401Abbott v. Bob’s U- Drive 401Note 405

IX. Termination 406A. Notice of Termination 406

1. Term for Years 4062. Periodic Tenancy 406

S.D.G. v. Inventory Control Com pany 406Note 408

3. Tenancy at Will 4084. Tenancy at Sufferance 408

B. Surrender and Abandonment 4081. The Traditional Rule 4082. A Corollary Rule, Accepted in a Majority of States 409

Sagamore Corp. v. Willcutt 409Notes 411Austin Hill Country Realty, Inc. v. Palisades Plaza, Inc. 411Notes 417

xiv CONTENTS

Schneiker v. Gordon 420Notes 425

C. The Holdover Tenant 426A.H. Fetting Mfg. Jewelry Co. v. Waltz 428Notes 431

X. The Landlord’s Self- Help 434Bass v. Boetel & Co. 434Question 438

XI. Summary Procedure 438Prob lems 439

XII. Retaliatory Eviction 440Building Monitoring Systems, Inc. v. Paxton 440Notes 444

XIII. Security Deposits 447Notes 449

Chapter 5 · Land Conveyancing 451 I. Introduction 451 II. Real Estate Agents 452

Notes 453Blank v. Borden 455Notes 461Cornett v. Nathan 461Notes 463

III. Contracts of Sale 465A. The Statute of Frauds 466

Cash v. Maddox 467Note 469

B. Equitable Conversion 469Bryant v. Willison Real Estate Co. 470Notes 474Cannefax v. Clement 475Notes 480

C. Contract Contingencies 482D. Disclosures about the Property 483E. Time for Per for mance of the Contract 483F. Express “Subject to Financing” Contract Terms 484

Luttinger v. Rosen 486Bruyere v. Jade Realty Corp. 487Note 488

G. Implied Contract Terms 489Notes 491

CONTENTS xv

H. Breaks in the Chain of Title 491Trimboli v. Kinkel 492

I. Express Title Standards in Contracts 494J. Contract Remedies 495

1. Damages 495Wolofsky v. Behrman 495Note 497

2. Specific Per for mance 498Kies v. Warrick 499Note 501

3. Rescission 501Gordon v. Tafe 502

4. Other Remedies 504 IV. Land Transfers 504

A. History of Common Law Conveyancing 504B. Modern Conveyancing 504

Anderson v. Anderson 507Notes 511

C. Statutory Short Form Deeds 512Notes and Prob lems 514

D. Deed Covenants 5171. Breach of Covenants 5192. Running with the Land 519

Deason v. Findley 519Proffitt v. Isley 520Notes 522St. Paul Title Insurance Corp. v. Owen 522Notes 527

E. Legal Descriptions 5281. Government Survey System 5292. Metes and Bounds 5323. Recorded Subdivision Plat 5344. Conflicts and Ambiguities in Descriptions 536

F. Intent, Delivery, and Ac cep tance 537Brtek v. Cihal 538Notes 544Turner v. Mallernee 544Notes 551

V. Deeds Characterized as Mortgages 553Seaman v. Seaman 553Notes 555

xvi CONTENTS

VI. Recording Acts 556A. History of the Recording Acts 557B. Operation of the Recording Acts 558

Nelson, Whitman, Burkhart & Freyermuth, Real Estate Transfer, Finance, and Development 558Prob lems and Notes 562

C. Indexes 5641. Grantor- Grantee Index 5652. Tract Index 568

D. Bona Fide Purchasers 5701. Lack of Notice 570

In re Barnacle 572Note 575J.C. Penney Co. v. Giant Ea gle, Inc. 575Notes 578Methonen v. Stone 579Note 582

2. Payment of Consideration 583Geo. M. McDonald & Co. v. Johns 583Notes and Prob lems 585

E. Recording and Indexing 587Notes and Prob lems 587

F. Exclusions from the Recording Act 590 VII. Torrens Registration 591

Notes 596 VIII. Title Insurance 596

Notes 608Swanson v. Safeco Title Insurance Co. 609Notes 613

IX. Closings and Escrows 615Ferguson v. Caspar 616Notes 623Lechner v. Halling 625Note 633

Chapter 6 · Servitudes and Easements 635 I. Easements 635

A. Creation of Easements 636Estate of Thomson v. Wade 636Notes 637Baseball Publishing Co. v. Bruton 638Bunn v. Offutt 640Notes 642

CONTENTS xvii

B. Easements Implied by Necessity 643Kingsley v. Gouldsborough Land Improvement Co. 644Notes 645Chandler Flyers, Inc. v. Stellar Development Corp. 645Notes 647Hollars v. Church of God of Apostolic Faith, Inc. 648Notes 650

C. Easements Implied by Past Usage 650Flax v. Smith 651

D. Prescriptive Easements 653Reed v. Piedimonte 653Notes 654State ex rel. Haman v. Fox 654Notes 660

E. Scope of the Easement 661Hayes v. Aquia Marina, Inc. 661Notes 664Ephrata School District v. County of Lancaster 665Notes 671

F. Transferability of Easements 6721. Appurtenant Easements 672

Martin v. Music 6722. Easements in Gross 674

Miller v. Lutheran Conference & Camp Association 674Note 680

G. Termination of Easements 680Lindsey v. Clark 680Note 683

II. Real Covenants 684Rogers v. Watson 684Note 686Neponsit Property Owners Association v. Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank 687Note 693Feider v. Feider 694

III. Equitable Servitudes 697A. Creation 697

Tulk v. Moxhay 697Notes 698

B. Enforcement 699Houghton v. Rizzo 699Notes 703Citizens for Covenant Compliance v. Anderson 703

xviii CONTENTS

IV. Termination of Covenants 712Grange v. Korff 713Note 716

Chapter 7 · Takings and Land Use Controls 719 I. Takings 719

A. Public Use 719Kelo v. City of New London 720Notes 729

B. Taking 7311. Federal Constitution 732

Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon 732Notes 738Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis 740Notes 751

2. State Constitution 753Pratt v. State, Department of Natu ral Resources 753Notes 758

3. Categorical Takings 759Notes 760Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council 762Notes 773

4. Exactions and Impact Fees 775Dolan v. City of Tigard 775Notes 785

C. Private Property 788City of Oakland v. Oakland Raiders 788Notes 793Walker v. State 794Notes 796

D. Just Compensation 797First En glish Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles 798Notes 803

II. Land Use Controls 804A. Zoning Actions 804

1. Zoning 805Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. 805Notes 814

2. Nonconforming Use 814Village of Valatie v. Smith 815Notes 820

CONTENTS xix

3. Zoning Amendment 821City of Pharr v. Tippitt 821Notes 826

4. Variance 827Alumni Control Board v. City of Lincoln 827Notes 831

5. Special Exception 832Schultz v. Pritts 833Notes 840

B. Modern Zoning Techniques 840Rod gers v. Village of Tarrytown 842Notes 846

C. Exclusionary Zoning 8471. Federal Courts 847

Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corporation 847Notes 856

2. State Courts 858Britton v. Town of Chester 859Notes 864

D. Residency Restrictions 867Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas 867Notes 871Costley v. Caromin House, Inc. 872Notes 877

E. Aesthetic Regulation 878State ex rel. Stoyanoff v. Berkeley 878Notes 885Society for Ethical Culture v. Spatt 886Notes 889

Chapter 8 · Intangible and Intellectual Property 891 I. Misappropriation of Information 891

International News Ser vice v. The Associated Press 891Note 900

II. Copyrights 902Rockford Map Publishers, Inc. v. Directory Serv. Co. 903Notes 906

III. Moral Rights of Artists 910Martin v. City of Indianapolis 913Notes 918

xx

IV. The Right to Publicity 921Haelan Laboratories, Inc. v. Topps Chewing Gum, Inc. 922Notes 924Martin Luther King, Jr. Center v. American Heritage Products 925Notes 934Stephano v. News Group Publications, Inc. 935Notes 939Keller v. Elec. Arts Inc. 940Notes 949

V. Trademarks 949 VI. Patents 952

35 U.S.C. § 102(a) (2019) 955Notes 955eBay Inc. v. MercExchange LLC 956Notes 959Oil States Energy Servs., LLC v. Greene’s Energy Grp., LLC 959Notes 972

VII. Ideas as Property 973Garrido v. Burger King Corp. 973Notes 977

Index 979

xx CONTENTS

xxi

A.D. Juilliard & Co. v. American Woolen Co., 392

A.H. Fetting Mfg. Jewelry Co. v. Waltz, 428

Abbott v. Bob’s U-Drive, 401Abbott v. Forward Design Development,

Inc., 211Abel v. Girard Trust Company, 203, 204Academy Spires, Inc. v. Brown, 360Acken v. Kroger Co., 427Aczas v. Stuart Heights, Inc., 518Adair v. Bogle, 331 Adams v. First State Bank, 81Adams v. New Jersey Steamboat Co., 47Adams, State v., 754Agins v. Tiburon, 742, 745, 747, 751, 752,

764, 768, 772, 778, 801Agway, Inc., Commonwealth v., 19Akins v. Texas, 853Albright v. Fish, 686Alcaraz v. Vece, 372Alderman v. Alaska Guesttours, Inc., 950Alevizos v. The John D. and Catherine T.

MacArthur Fdn., 977Alfano v. Donnelly, 324, 638, 639Allegheny Airlines, Inc. v. Village of

Cedarhurst, 157Allen v. Hyatt Regency-Nashville Hotel,

54Allen, United States v., 77Alliance Against IFQS v. Brown, 18Allied Inv. Corp. v. Jasen, 45Allinder v. Bessemer C.I. & L. Co., 526Allison v. Powell, 263Allred v. Allred, 477

Alumni Control Board v. City of Lincoln, 827

AM Leasing, Ltd. v. Baker, 93Amazon.com, Inc. v. BarnesandNoble.

com, Inc., 954America Nat. Trust & Savings Ass’n v.

Moore, 389American Bell Telephone Co., United

States v., 963, 964American Leasing v. Morrison Co., 264Ames v. Howard, 972Anchorage, Municipality of, v. Locker,

615Anderson v. Anderson, 507Anderson v. Carlson, 437Anderson v. Cold Spring Tungsten, Inc.,

114Anderson v. Ferguson, 353Anderson v. Gouldberg, 39Anderson v. Kennedy, 501Anderson v. Provo City Corp., 867Anderson v. Rosebrook, 449Anderson v. Sawyer, 835, 836Andrea Doria, The, 38Andrews v. Andrews, 11Andrus v. Allard, 748, 750, 770, 773Angell v. Ingram, Wash., 629Angier v. Worrell, 264Angle v. Slayton, 563Annicelli v. South Kingstown, 765Antwaun A. ex rel. Muwonge v. Heritage

Mutual Insurance Co., 372Anzalone v. Kragness, 68Appel v. Presley Co., 703Arbenz v. Exley, Watkins & Co., 408

Table of Cases

xxii TABLE OF CASES

Arcadia Development Corp. v. City of Bloomington, 758

Ardmore Park Subdivision Ass’n, Inc. v. Simon, 703

Arizona Dept. of Highways v. Arizona Outdoor Advertisers, Inc., 99

Arkansas Game and Fish Comm’n v. U.S., 761

Arlington Heights, Village of, v. Metro-politan Housing Development Corporation, 847, 857

Armstrong v. Francis Corp., 181Armstrong v. United States, 791, 799Arnold Realty Co. v. Wm. K. Toole Co.,

433Arrington v. New York Times Co., 936,

937, 938Artesian Water Co. v. New Castle Cty.,

190Associates of Philipsburg v. Hurwitz, 671Atlantic C.L.R. Co., United States v., 51Atlantic Discount Corp. v. Mangel’s of

N.C., Inc., 350, 352Atlas Assurance Co. v. Gibbs, 93Atlas Roofing Co. v. Occupational Safety

and Health Review Comm’n, 967Ault v. Holden, 536, 537Aust v. Beard, 468Austin Hill Country Realty, Inc. v.

Palisades Plaza, Inc., 411Austin v. Cambridgeport Parish, 385Avalon Pacific-Santa Ana, L.P. v. HD

Supply Repair & Remodel, LLC, 349, 350

B.A. Ballou and Co. v. Citytrust, 69Bailey v. Montgomery, 464Bakelite Corp., Ex parte, 962, 963, 966,

967Baker v. Carr, 851Baker v. Latham Sparrowbush Assoc.,

312Baker, State v., 871Baliles v. Cities Serv. Co., 467Ballard v. Wetzel, 91

Ballstadt v. Pagel, 173Bancorp Leasing & Fin. Corp. v. Stadeli

Pump & Constr., Inc., 89Bank Markazi v. Peterson, 972Bank of America v. J.&S. Auto Repairs, 93Bank of Cal., N.A. v. First Am. Title Ins.

Co., 615Bank of Dallas v. Republic National

Bank of Dallas, 304Bank of Hawaii v. Horwoth, 477Bank of Miss. v. Hollingsworth, 582Bank of New Glarus v. Swartwood, 587Bank of Powhattan v. Rooney, 209Bannum, Inc. v. 2210 Adams Place, N.E.,

LLC, 433Barash v. Pennsylvania Terminal Real

Estate Corp., 341, 342Barber v. Somers, 502, 503Barclays Capital Inc. v. Theflyonthewall,

Inc., 901Barger v. Barringer, 163, 165Barker v. Barker, 315Barker v. Bates, 26, 36Barnacle, In re, 572Barnes v. Davitt, 437Barney v. McCarty, 588Barrington v. City of Sherman, 824, 825Bartholomew v. Staheli, 661Barton Enters. v. Tsern, 363Barton v. Thaw, 310Barwick v. Barwick, 43Baseball Publishing Co. v. Bruton, 325,

638Bass v. Boetel & Co., 434Bass v. Moore, 281Bateman v. Maddox, 431Battistone v. Banulski, 273Batzel v. Smith, 941Baumgartner v. Meek, 457Bayer, In re, 956Beall v. Wilson, 315Beard v. S/E Joint Venture, 497Beardslee v. New Berlin Light & Power

Co., 637Beardsley v. Knight, 520

TABLE OF CASES xxiii

Beaver Township School District v. Burdick, 204

Beaver v. Hitchcock, 131Beck v. Town of Raymond, 861, 864Beck, Elizabeth, Estate of, 212Becker v. IRM Corp., 372Beckham v. Ward County Irrigation

Dist. No. 1, 208Bedian v. Cohn, 556Beer Co. v. Massachusetts, 745Bell v. Gray-Robinson Constr. Co., 148Bellarmine Hills Association v. Residen-

tial Systems Co., 876Belle Terre, Village of, v. Boraas, 867Bellman v. San Francisco H.S. Dist., 142Belmar Drive-In Theater Co. v. Illinois

State Toll Highway Comm’n, 143Belnap v. Blain, 478Bemis v. The RMS Lusitania, 38Benchmark Land Co. v. City of Battle

Ground, 786Bennett v. Langham, 201Bennett Veneer Factors, Inc. v. Brewer,

696Bennis v. Michigan, 258Benson, In re Estate of, 285Berger v. State, 876Berlenbach v. Chemical Bank & Trust

Co., 296Berman v. Parker, 722, 723, 725, 726,

727, 728, 801, 868, 869, 878Bernard v. City of Bedford, 825Bernstein v. Bramble, 222Bernstein v. Seglin, 425Berzito v. Gambino, 364Best Cellars, Inc. v. Wine Made Simple,

Inc., 951Bethlehem Township v. Emrick, 643Bettcher v. Knapp, 257Beutler v. Maynard, 653Bigham v. Madison, 502Billy Williams Builders and Developers,

Inc. v. Hillerich, 501Bilski, In re, 954Biltmore Village v. Royal, 205

Bingham’s Case, 293Binns v. Vitagraph Co., 937Birkenhead v. Coombs, 364Bither v. Packard, 554Bizzell v. Booker, 9Blackett v. Olanoff, 338, 343Blackhawk Prod. Credit Ass’n v. Chicago

Title Ins. Co., 614Blackman, United States v., 668Blackmon v. Iverson, 977Blanche Spurlock. Cain v. Finnie, 224Blank v. Borden, 455Blevins v. Barry-Lawrence County Ass’n

for Retarded Citizens, 694Block v Hirsh, 734Blocker v. Blocker, 286Bloomer v. McQuewan, 963Blumberg v. Weiss, 167Board of Comm’rs of Muskogee Cty. v.

Lowery, 730Board of Comm’rs of Trego Cty. v. Hays,

208Board of Cty. Comm’rs of Cecil County

v. Gaster, 837Board of Cty. Comm’rs of Cty. of

Morgan v. Kobobel, 149Board of Trade of Chicago v. Dow Jones,

Inc., 901Bocchini v. Gorn Management Co., 340Bode v. Flobert Industries, Inc., 643Boekelheide v. Snyder, 491Bond v. A.H. Belo Corp., 68Bookout v. Bookout, 235Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co., 143Borders v. Roseberry, 367Bormann v. Bd. of Supervisors, 154Borruso v. Morreale, 653, 654Boston Beer Co. Ltd. P’ship v. Slesar

Bros. Brewing Co., 950Bowditch v. Boston, 734Boxer v. City of Beverly Hills, 169Bradley v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals, 831Brandreth, Matter of, 75Brattle Square Church v. Grant, 385Brawley v. Copelin, 521

xxiv TABLE OF CASES

Brazell v. City of Seattle, 795Brenner v. New Richmond Regional

Airport Comm’n, 159Britton v. Town of Chester, 859Brizendine v. Conrad, 353Brokaw v. Fairchild, 225Brokaw’s Will, Matter of, 227Bronx Investment Co. v. National Bank

of Commerce, 630, 631Brooks v. Bankson, 474Browder v. Williams, 497 Brown v. City of Seattle, 795Brown v. Columbia Finance Co., 315Brown v. Duchesne, 964Brown v. Entm’t Merchs. Ass’n, 940Brown v. Lober, 518, 519Brown v. Southall Realty Co., 334Browndale International Ltd. v. Board of

Adjustment, 875Brownell v. Briggs, 235Browning v. Sacrison, 282Brtek v. Cihal, 538Brumley v. Dorner, 179Bruyere v. Jade Realty Corp., 487Bryant Bank v. Talmage Kirkland & Co.,

Inc., 485Bryant v. Willison Real Estate Co., 470Buchanan v. Warley, 870Buckey v. Indianhead Truck Line, Inc., 67Buckles v. Kennedy C. Corp., 641Bugryn v. Bristol, 728Building D, Inc., In re, 592Building Monitoring Systems, Inc. v.

Paxton, 440Bullard v. MRA Holding, LLC, 949Bunn v. Offutt, 640Burchell’s Estate, In re, 293Burger King. In Air Travel Assocs., Inc. v.

Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 975Burggraff v. Baum, 502Burke v. Smith, 163, 165Burke v. Stevens, 261Burkhardt v. Smith, 117Burkholder v. Twinsburg Twp. Bd. of

Zoning Appeals, 832

Burns, United States v., 959Burpee’s Estate, In re, 205Burris v. McDougald, 564Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v.

Sarony, 905Buss v. Dyer, 652Buster v. Newkirk, 8, 12Butler v. Buick Motor Co., 92Butler v. Frontier Telephone Co., 157Butler v. Wilkinson, 476, 477, 478Byrd v. Allen, 217Byrne’s Estate, In re, 199

Cabaniss v. Hipsley, 930, 931Caldwell v. Fulton, 679Calhoun v. Hays, 204California and Or. Land Co., United

States v., 564California Trout, Inc. v. State Water

Resources Control Bd., 19Calonico, State v., 13Calvery v. Calvery, 289Cameco, Inc. v. Gedicke, 44Camp v. Camp, 246Campbell v. Seaman, 147Campbell v. Westdahl, 397Candler Holdings Ltd. I v. Watch Omega

Holdings, 123Cannefax v. Clement, 475Capital Assets Fin. Servs. v. Maxwell, 481Caples v. Ward, 278Carma Developers, Inc. v. Marathon

Dev., Inc., 401Carpenter v. N.Y., N.H. & H. R.R. Co., 48Carr v. Hoosier Photo Supplies, Inc., 63Carter v. Helmsley-Spear, Inc., 910, 915,

917, 918Carter, State ex rel., v. Harper, Building

Commissioner, 882Caruthers v. Leonard, 273Case v. Minot, 339Casey v. Zoning Board of Warwick

Township, 863Cash v. Maddox, 467Cason v. Florida Power Co., 167

TABLE OF CASES xxv

Caswell v. Bisnett, 653Causby, United States v., 146, 157, 158,

172, 801Caywood v. Jones, 315CCC Info. Servs. v. MacLean Hunter

Mkt. Reports, 908Cedillos v. Masumoto, 445Centex Homes Corp. v. Boag, 498Chambers v. Chambers, 233Chandler Flyers, Inc. v. Stellar Develop-

ment Corp., 645Chapin v. Freeland, 101, 111Chapman v. Silber, 372Charles E. Burt, Inc. v. Seven Grand

Corp., 339Charles v. Henry, 265Chase v. Silverstone, 183Cheatham v. Gregory, 585Cheever v. Pearson, 639Cheney Brothers v. Doris Silk Corp., 900Cheney v. Village 2 at New Hope, Inc.,

841Cherberg v. Peoples Nat’l Bank of

Washington, 343Chergosky v. Crosstown Bell, Inc., 586Cherry v. McCutchen, 68Chesebro v. Moers, 692Chesley v. King, 184Chevalier, People v., 789Chicago & Southern Air Lines v. Water-

man S.S. Corp., 158Chicago B. & Q. Ry. Co. v. People of

State of Illinois ex rel. Drainage Commissioners, 882

Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc. v. Int’l Sec. Exchanges, 901

Chicago Title & Trust Co. v. Shellaberger, 318

Chicago, Mobile Development Co. v. G.C. Coggin Co., 526, 527

Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis R.R. Co. v. Vaughn, 232

Christmas v. Exxon Mobile Corp., 138, 139

Cifre v. Daas Enterprises, Inc., 133

Citizens for Covenant Compliance v. Anderson, 703

Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe, 855

City of (See Name of City)Civello, State ex rel., v. City of New

Orleans, 883Claiborne v. Wilson, 311Clajon Prod. Corp. v. Petera, 786Clark v. Board of Zoning Appeals,

Matter of, 845Clark v. Carter, 260Clark v. Maloney, 25Clark v. McNeal, 587Clark v. Walker, 449Clark v. Wells, 89, 90Clark, In re Will of, 239Clarke, United States v., 799Class v. Strack, 236Clawson v. Primrose, 167Cleburne, City of, v. Cleburne Living

Center, 877Cline v. American Aggregates Corp., 185Coalition Advocating Legal Hous.

Options v. City of Santa Monica, 867

Cohen v. Hayden, 338Cohen v. Perrino, 164Cohn, Matter of, 76Colburn v. Colburn, 250, 251Coley v. Walker, 71Collier v. Collier, 252Collins v. Smithson, 200Collinson v. John L. Scott, Inc., 170Collis v. City of Bloomington, 787Colonial Village, Inc. v. Pelkey, 440Columbus, City of, v. Barngrover, 182Columbus-America Disc. Group v.

Atlantic Mut. Ins. Co., 21, 38Columbus-America Disc. Group, Inc. v.

Unidentified, Wrecked and Aban-doned Sailing Vessel, 39

Comcast Cablevision of Sterling Heights, Inc. v. City of Sterling Heights, 100

xxvi TABLE OF CASES

Comedy III Productions, Inc. v. Gary Saderup, Inc., 942, 947

Commerce Trust Co. v. White, 548Commonwealth Bldg. Corp. v.

Hirschfield, 433Commonwealth of (See Name of

Commonwealth)Commonwealth v. (See Name of

Defendant)Compton v. Rixey’s Ex’rs., 281Concord Bank v. Gregg, 503Concrete Pipe & Products of Cal., Inc. v.

Constr. Laborers Pension Tr. for S. Cal., 773

Congress St. Props. v. Garibaldi’s, Inc., ) 156

Conklin v. Davi, 491Connecticut National Bank v. Lorenzato,

573Consolidated Turnpike Co. v. Norfolk &

O.V. Ry. Co., 231Continental Oil Company, State ex rel.,

v. Waddill, Mo., 884Cook v. Stearns, 639Cool v. Cool, 281Coombs v. Anderson, 197Cornell College v. Crain, 95, 96, 98Cornell v. Heirs of Walik, 263Cornett v. Nathan, 461Corrigan v. City of Scottsdale, 803Costley v. Caromin House, Inc., 872Couch v. Eastham, 235Counce v. Yount-Lee Oil Co., 113County of (See Name of County)Cowen v. Pressprich, 59, 61Cozens v. Stevenson, 330Crane v. McCormick, 457Crenshaw v. Williams, 495Crescent Harbor Water Co. v. Lyseng, 590Crist v. Morgan, 289Crocker Point Association v. Gouraud,

493Crocker v. Cotting, 537Cronyn, In re, 956Crow v. Kaupp, 394

Crow v. Wainwright, 975Crowell v. Benson, 962, 964, 967Crowley v. Knapp, 877Crown Die & Tool Co. v. Nye Tool &

Machine Works, 963Cumberland Farms, Inc. v. Dairy Mart,

Inc., 440Cuozzo Speed Technologies, LLC v. Lee,

960Curtman v. Piezuch, 649Cushman Corporation v. Barnes, 663,

664Cutter v. Wilkinson, 890CWC Fisheries, Inc. v. Bunker, 15

D’Ambrosio, Estate of, v. C.I.R., 77Dado v. Jeeninga, 27Dailey v. City of Lawton, 854Danforth v. United States, 801Daniels v. FanDuel, Inc., 949Daniels v. Pond, 22Danpar Assocs. v. Somersville Mills Sales

Room, Inc., 425Dapson v. Daly, 11Darling v. Ennis, 120Dauberman v. Grant, 141, 142David and Marvel Benton Tr. v. Mc-

Carty, 536Davidow v. Inwood North Professional

Group, 363, 415Davidson v. Davidson, 216, 217Davis v. Nolte, 825Davis v. Palmer, 972Davis v. Vidal, 381Davis v. Williams, 366Deal, State v., 646DeAngelo v. Brazauskas, 94Deason v. Findley, 519Decatur Ventures LLC v. Daniel, 486Deem v. Miller, 287Deen v. Baltimore Gas & Electric Co.,

834, 835Deetz, State v., 173Deimeke v. State Highway Commission,

Mo. 882

TABLE OF CASES xxvii

Deiss v. Deiss, 318Delanoy v. Delanoy, 259DeLeon Enters. v. Zaino, 499Demmitt v. McMillan, 119Den Norske Am. Actiesselskabet v. Sun

Printing & Pub. Ass’n, 494DeStefano v. Apts. Downtown, Inc., 363Devins v. Borough of Bogota, 127DeWeerth v. Baldinger, 105DeWitt v. Pierson, 339Dexter v. Town Bd., Matter of, 817Di Leo v. Pecksto Holding Corp., 653Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 952Diamond v. Diehr, 954Dickenson Cheese Co., Inc., State v., 11,

18Dickhut v. Norton, 441, 442, 444Dillman v. Hoffman, 173Dispeker v. New Southern Hotel Co., 56,

57Dixon v. Salvation Army, 473Dobbs v. Knoll, 121Doctor v. Hughes, 292Doir v. Milton, 900Dolan v. City of Tigard, 775Dolitsky v. Dollar Sav. Bank, 54Donnelly Adver. Corp. v. Flaccomio, 432Donnelly v. Robinson, 551Donovan v. Donovan, 260Doughty v. Sullivan, 12Dow, United States v., 800Downey v. General Foods Corp., 976Downs v. Rich, 564Droney v. Droney, 100Drummond v. White Oak Fuel Co., 138Druse v. Wheeler, 326DSL Dynamic Sciences Limited v. Union

Switch & Signal, Inc., 955DuBois v. Nye, 471Duell, United States v., 963, 964Dumpor’s Case, 401Dunbar, People ex rel., v. Bejarano, 239Dunlop v. Bullard, 383, 385Dwyer v. Skyline Apartments, Inc., 372

E.S.S. Entertainment 2000, Inc. v. Rock Star Videos, Inc., 946, 947

Eads v. Brazelton, 20, 38, 39Earle v. Arbogast, 345Eastwood v. Shedd, 585Eastwood v. Superior Court, 921, 925eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, LLC, 953,

956, 965Echo Consulting Servs., Inc. v. North

Conway Bank, 340Eckart, Matter of, 637Economy Rentals, Inc. v. Garcia, 400Educational Sales Programs, Inc. v.

Dreyfus Corp., 976Edwards & Deutsch Lithographing Co.

v. Boorman, 905Edwards v. Habib, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445Edwards v. Hammond, 276Edwards v. Sims, 156Effinger v. Lewis, 222Egbert v. Egbert, 556Eggen v. Wetterborg, 352Ehrlich v. City of Culver City, 786, 787Eisenstadt v. Baird, 869El Di, Inc. v. Town of Bethany Beach,

716Ela v. Bankes, 220Eldred v. Ashcroft, 902Eliason v. Wilborn, 596Ellicott v. Mayor of Baltimore, 837Ellish v. Airport Parking Co. of America,

Inc., 50Ellsworth Dobbs, Inc. v. Johnson, 463Elon College v. Elon B. & T. Co., 52Emmons v. Scudder, 220Empire Props., Inc. v. Equireal, Inc., 469Employment Advisors, Inc. v. Sparks,

413Entelman v. Hagood, 439Ephrata School District v. County of

Lancaster, 665, 671Epstein v. Rose, 654Epting v. Mayer, 198Erhard v. F.W. Woolworth Co., 364Erickson v. Sinykin, 33

xxviii TABLE OF CASES

Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 900Ernst v. Conditt, 388Erwin National Bank v. Riddle, 200Estate of (See Name of Deceased)Euclid, Village of, v. Ambler Realty Co.,

173, 778, 805, 843, 861, 867Eureka Springs Sales Co. v. Ward, 80Eusco, Inc. v. Huddleston, 92Evans v. Jordan, 970Evans, In re, 614Everitt v. Higgins, 99Ex parte (See Name of Party)Executive Benefits Ins. Agency v. Arki-

son, 962Executors v. Houston, 220

Factors Etc., Inc. v. Pro Arts, Inc., 931, 937

Fallbrook Irrigation Dist. v. Bradley, 723Far W. Savs. & Loan Ass’n v. McLaugh-

lin, 587Favorite v. Miller, 34Fay v. Fay, 318Federal Nat’l Mortg. Ass’n v. Levine-

Rodriguez, 588Fedorko Props., Inc. v. C.F. Zurn &

Assocs., 668, 669Fees-Krey, Inc. v. Page, 562Feider v. Feider, 694Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv.

Co., 906, 908Feister v. Bosack, 379Feld v. Merriam, 372, 378, 379Ferguson Ranch, Inc. v. Murray, 650Ferguson v. Caspar, 616Ferguson v. Village of Hamburg, 146,

147Fernandez, Collr., Internal Revenue v.

Wiener, 240Fields v. Conforti, 433Fierro v. Hoel, 78Fifth Avenue Coach Lines, Inc., In re, 791Fig Garden Park etc. Ass’n v. Assemi

Corp., 712Finch v. Moore, 220

Finley v. Finley, 288First Amer. Nat’l Bank of Nashville v.

Chicken Syst. of Amer., Inc., 390, 394, 395

First Citizens Nat’l Bank v. Sherwood, 588

First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles, 798, 803, 832

First Escrow, Inc., In re, 633First Trust & Savings Bank of Moville v.

Guthridge, 94Fisher v. Comer Plant’n, Inc., 485Fisher, Matter of Estate of, 232Fitzgarrald v. City of Iowa City, 159Flamingo Ranch Estates, Inc. v. Sunshine

Ranches Homeowners, Inc., 703Flax v. Smith, 651Fleet v. CBS, Inc., 939Fleming v. Griswold, 112Flemming v. Ronson Corp., 974Fletcher v. Peck, 855Floreau v. Thornhill, 495, 496Flores v. Mosler Safe Co., 937Florida Bar Re: Advisory Opinion —

NonLawyer Preparation of Residen-tial Leases up to One Year in Duration, 418

Flower’s Case, 70Fodor v. First Nat’l Supermarkets, Inc.,

440Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five

Twenty-Five, Inc., 165Food Fair v. Blumberg, 398Ford v. Venard, 95, 96Fort Worth, City of, v. Johnson, 822Fossum Orchards v. Pugsley, 654Foster v. Joice, 221Foster v. Schwicherath, 408Foulkes v. Sengstacken, 631Foundation Dev. Corp. v. Loehmann’s,

44044 Plaza, Inc. v. Gray-Pac Land Co., 845

S.W.2d 576 (Mo. Ct. App. 1992) 164Fowler v. Perry, 78

TABLE OF CASES xxix

Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal, 957Frank v. Visockas, 701Franks v. Pritchett, 33Franza v. Olin, 122Fraser v. Fred Parker Funeral Home, 149Frederick v. Burg, 133Freedman v. Oppenheim, 492Frenz’s Will, In re, 233Freytag v. Commissioner, 963, 966Friedman v. Le Noir, 350Friedman v. Marshall, 218Frobig v. Gordon, 372Fry v. O’Leary, 1927, 795FTC v. Ticor Title Insurance Co., 609Fuhst v. Foley, Matter of, 818Fulton v. McBurnie, 554Funchess v. Cecil Newman Corp., 378Funk v. Haldeman, 679

Gaertner v. Donnelly, 639Gallagher v. Magner, 858Gallenthin Realty Dev., Inc. v. Borough

of Paulsboro, 730Gallo v. Brooklyn Savings Bank, 494Ganje v. Schuler, 126Ganter v. Kapiloff, 34Gaona v. Gonzales, 590Gardner v. Dillard, 289Gardner v. Keteltas, 331Gardner v. Padro, 488Garner v. Gerrish, 221Garrett v. Coast & Southern Fed. Sav. &

Loan Ass’n, 457, 458Garrido v. Burger King Corp., 973Geer v. Connecticut, 12, 15General Motors Corp., United States v.,

797, 801Genesee Brewing Co. v. Stroh Brewing

Co., 950Geo. M. McDonald & Co. v. Johns, 583George Washington Univ. v. Weintraub,

366Gerlock v. Gabel, 265Gerruth Realty Co. v. Pire, 484

Gheen v. State ex rel. Dep’t of Health, Div. of Healthcare Fin./Equalitycare, 544

Ghen v. Rich, 15Giannini v. First Nat’l Bank of Des

Plaines, 498Gilchrist v. Van Dyke, 570, 571Gillet v. Roberts, 106Gilliam v. American Broad. Cos., 911Gillies v. Orienta Beach Club, 659Gilman v. Bell, 302Gilmore v. Driscoll, 127Gion v. City of Santa Clara and Dietz v.

King, 659Goddard v. Winchell, 24Godfrey v. Zoning Bd. of Adjustment,

862Goff v. Graham, 482Goldblatt v. Hempstead, 767, 769, 889Golden Nugget, Inc. v. American Stock

Exchange, Inc., 902Golden v. Ramapo Planning Board, 865Golub v. Colby, 341Gomillion v. Lightfoot, 854Goode v. Village of Woodgreen Home-

owners Ass’n, 694Goodman v. Resident Services, Inc., 446Goodwin v. Wertheimer, 106Gordon v. Bauer, 498Gordon v. Schneiker, 420Gordon v. Tafe, 502Gordon v. Whittle, 208Gorieb v. Fox, 749Gowl v. Atlantic Richfield Co., 833Grace v. Koch, 118Graham v. John Deere Co. of Kansas

City, 963, 966, 970Grange v. Korff, 687, 713Gray v. Fitzhugh, 121Green v. General Petroleum Corpora-

tion, 141Green v. Leckington, 68Green v. Superior Court, 359Greenberg v. State, 159Greenberg v. Stewart Title Guar. Co., 614

xxx TABLE OF CASES

Greenpoint Mortg. Funding v. Schloss-berg, 588

Gregory Hetter, M.D. v. The Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, 925

Grice v. Todd, 427Griffin v. Northridge, 140Grimes v. Rush, 217Griswold v. Connecticut, 869, 870Groucho Marx Productions v. Day &

Night Co., 933Gruen v. Gruen, 72Gruman v. Investors Diversified Serv.,

Inc., 411Grytbak v. Grytbak, 223Guarantee Title & Trust Co. v. Siedhoff,

210Guaranty Trust Co. v. N.Y. & Queens

County Ry. Co., 690Guggenheim Found. v. Lubell, 107Guggenheim v. City of Goleta, 761Guilliams v. Koonsman, 277

Hadacheck v. Sebastian, 738, 767, 769Haelan Laboratories, Inc. v. Topps

Chewing Gum, Inc., 922, 928, 929, 931, 937

Haer v. Christmas, 547Haggerty v. City of Oakland, 312Hailey, Village of, v. Riley, 658Hairston v. Danville & Western R. Co.,

724, 734Haldeman v. Bruckhart, 189Hale v. Ward County, 139Hall v. Gulledge, 703Hall v. Hall, 199Hall v. Rental Mgmt., Inc., 378Hall v. Schoenwetter, 41Hall v. Wood, 180Halvorson v. Birkland, 501Hamaker v. Blanchard, 33Haman, State ex rel., v. Fox, 654Hamilton v. City of Jackson, 273Hamlin v. Pandapas, 642Hammond v. McArthur, 259

Hancock v. Butler, 289Hancock v. Henderson, 645Hannan v. Dusch, 326Harbison v. City of Buffalo, Matter of,

816Harmon v. City of Dallas, 825Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation

Enters., 904, 907, 908Harper v. Virginia State Board, 869Harris Trust & Savings Bank v. Beach,

317Harris v. Axline, 502Harris v. Brooks, 190Harris v. City of Wichita, 786Harris, Estate of, 259Harrison v. Mayor of Batesville, 831Harrison v. Montgomery Co. Bd. of

Educ., 399Hart v. Electronic Arts, Inc., 945, 947Hart v. Farmers & Mechanics Bank, 571Hart v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., 389, 393Harts v. Arnold Bros., 48, 354Hash v. United States, 208Haslem v. Lockwood, 22Haughwout v. Murphy, 257Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff,

722, 723, 724, 726, 727, 728, 729, 745, 801

Hayes v. Aquia Marina, Inc., 661Haywood v. Fulmer, 325, 326Hearne v. Bradshaw, 509Heart of America Lumber Co. v. Belove,

353Heath v. Dodson, 477Heflin v. Phillips, 525Heide v. Glidden Buick Corp., 107Heins Implement Co. v. State Highway

Comm’n, 182Henderson v. Hunter, 204Hendrickson v. Minneapolis Federal Sav.

& L. Ass’n, 262Hendrickson v. Wagners, 182Hener v. United States, 39Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc.,

359

TABLE OF CASES xxxi

Herpolsheimer v. Christopher, 329Hersh Props., LLC v. McDonald’s Corp.,

596Herter v. Mullen, 433Heston v. Ousler, 170Hewitt v. Meaney, 647Hicks v. Casablanca Records, 929, 933Hicks v. National Security Co., 585Higbee v. Chicago, B. & Q.R.R. Co., 844Higgins v. Whiting, 357Highway 7 Embers, Inc. v. Nw. Nat’l

Bank, 169Hildebrandt v. Hildebrandt, 575Hilder v. St. Peter, 360, 362, 364Hilton v. Hallmark Cards, 943, 944Hilton, Commonwealth v., 12, 15Hinman v. Pacific Air Transport, 157, 158Hinton v. Bowen, 201Hisaw v. Bishop, 163Hodel v. Irving, 773Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining &

Reclamation Ass’n, Inc., 746, 747Hodgson v. Perkins, 641Hoel v. Flour City F.&T. Co., 53Hoene v. Milwaukee, 172Hoffman v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc., 940Hogan v. McMahon, 252, 253Hogue v. Port of Seattle, 730Hollars v. Church of God of Apostolic

Faith, Inc., 648Holt v. Hobbs, 890Holy Properties Ltd. v. Kenneth Cole

Prod., 408, 418Home Builders Ass’n of Dayton and the

Miami Valley v. City of Beavercreek, 786

Home Builders Ass’n of N. Cal. v. City of Napa, 866

Home Builders Ass’n v. City of Scotts-dale, 787

Horne v. Department of Agriculture, 760Hornsby v. Smith, 163, 165Hornstein v. Podwitz, 923Houghton v. Rizzo, 699Houle v. Quenneville, 446

House, State v., 14Hovey v. Henry, 970Howard v. Kunto, 120Hulbert v. California Portland Cement

Co., 147Hulett v. Swift, 47Humble Oil & Ref. Co. v. Doerr, 555Humphries v. Huffman, 120Hunt v. City of San Antonio, 822, 824Huntington Branch, NAACP v. Town of

Huntington, 857Hurd v. Cushing, 221Huston Co. v. Mooney, 462Hyland v. Borras, 68

Idaho Water Resource Board v. Kramer, 656

Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. United States, 295

Imas Gruner & Assocs. v. Stringer, 485In re (See Name of Party or Matter)In re Estate of (See Name of Deceased)In re Will of (See Name of Deceased)In the Matter of the Estate of (See Name

of Deceased)Industrial Indem. Co. v. Columbia Basin

Steel & Iron, Inc., 660Ingalls v. Hobbs, 358Intel Corp. v. Hamidi, 45International News Service v. The

Associated Press, 891Irons v. Smallpiece, 70Isen v. Giant Food, Inc., 310Island Creek Coal Co. v. Rodgers, 135Ivons-Nispel, Inc. v. Lowe, 657

J.C. Penney Co. v. Giant Eagle, Inc., 575J.C. Vereen & Sons, Inc. v. City of Miami,

205J.H. Bellows Co. v. Covell, 354J.T. Hobby and Son, Inc. v. Family

Homes of Wake County, Inc., 877Jaber v. Miller, 387Jackson v. Robinson, 222Jacobs v. Klawans, 396, 397

xxxii TABLE OF CASES

Jacobs v. United States, 799James v. Campbell, 970James v. Valtierra, 850Jamesson v. Downtown Dev. Auth., 797Javins v. First Nat’l Realty Corp., 359Jefferies v. The Great Western Railway, 41Jeffrey Towers, Inc. v. Straus, 556Jelco, Inc. v. Third Judicial District

Court, 477Jenkins v. McKeithen, 851Jennings v. State, 581Jernigan v. Ham, 92Jewelers’ Circular Publ’g. Co. v. Keystone

Publ’g. Co., 905John Wiley & Son, Inc. v. Book Dog

Books, LLC, 902Johnson v. Benjamin Moore & Co., 977Johnson v. Johnson, 258Johnson v. Whiton, 195Johnston v. Cosby 317Jones v. Levin, 372Jones v. New Orleans & S. R.R. Co., 231Jones v. Oklahoma City, 268Jordan v. Menomonee Falls, 785Jost v. Dairyland Power Coop., 149Judson v. Los Angeles Suburban Gas Co.,

141, 142Juif v. Dillman, 273Julian v. Christopher, 396Just v. Marinette County, 173, 759Justice v. Nesquehoning Valley R.R. Co.,

231

K & L Distributors, Inc. v. Kelly Elec., Inc., 99

Kaiser Aetna v. United States, 747, 770, 778

Karesh v. City Council of Charleston, 730

Katz v. Duffy, 339Kaufman v. Federal National Bank of

Boston, 639Keeble v. Hickeringill, 9Keller v. Elec. Arts Inc., 940Kelley v. Chicago Park District, 912

Kelly v. Fairmount Land Co., 582Kelly v. Tri-Cities Broadcasting, Inc., 389Kelo v. City of New London, 720Kennedy Park Homes Ass’n v. City of

Lackawanna, 850, 854Kennedy v. Kidd, 354Kennedy v. Moog Servocontrols, 147Kent’s Run P’ship, Ltd. v. Glosser, 667Kentucky-Ohio Gas Co. v. Bowling, 146Kenyon v. Abel, 79Keron v. Cashman, 27Kessler v. Tortoise Dev., Inc., 499Kessler’s Estate, In re, 238Ketchum v. Whitfield Cty., 536Key v. Alexander, 496, 497Keyes v. School Dist. No. 1, Denver,

Colo., 853Keystone Bituminous Coal Association

v. DeBenedictis, 740, 764, 769, 773Kies v. Warrick, 499Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States,

745, 790, 791Kimmell v. Skelly, 457King v. H.J. McNeel, Inc., 162King v. Moorehead, 365King v. Reynolds, 328King’s Estate, In re, 510Kingsley v. Gouldsborough Land

Improvement Co., 644Kirby Forest Industries, Inc. v. United

States, 800Kirby v. Sega of America, Inc., 943Kirk v. Schultz, 658Kiser v. Clinchfield Coal Corp., 563Kisil v. City of Sandusky, 832Klebs v. Yim, 132Kleinman v. City of San Marcos, 912Klie v. Broock, 349Kline v. 1500 Massachusetts Avenue

Apartment Corp., 376, 377Kline v. Burns, 341, 344Koch v. Ellwood, 493Koger Properties, Inc. v. Allen, 179Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Manage-

ment Dist., 786

TABLE OF CASES xxxiii

Kordecki v. Rizzo, 578Korn v. Campbell, 692, 693Kovarik v. Vesely, 488Kremen v. Cohen, 45Kresser v. Peterson, 540, 541KSR Internat’l Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., 953Kula v. Prososki, 804Kutzin v. Pirnie, 498

L. Smirlock Realty Corp. v. Title Guar. Co., 613

L.E. Waterman v. Modern Pen Co., 950Laba v. Carey, 495Labbe v. Steffens, 138Lacey v. Floyd, 289Lach v. Cahill, 487Lacy v. Flake & Kelley Mgmt. Inc., 379Ladue, City of, v. Gilleo, 885Lake v. Sullivan, 325Lamar Advertising of S. Ga., Inc. v. City

of Albany 820Lambert v. Matthews, 138Landshire Food Service, Inc. v. Coghill,

81Lane v. Kennedy, 120Larkin v. State of Mich. Dept. of Social

Servs., 878Larned v. Hudson, 220Las Vegas, City of, Downtown Redev.

Agency v. Pappas, 149Laspeyre v. McFarland, 43Last Chance Ditch Co. v. Sawyer, 657Laughlin v. Elliott, 314Lawall v. Groman, 493Lawrence v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 614Lea v. Hernandez, 220Leadbetter v. Pewtherer, 403Lechner v. Halling, 625Leeds Bldg. Prods., Inc. v. Sears Mortg.

Corp., 575Legg v. Castruccio, 340Lehigh Valley R. Co. v. McFarlan, 657Lehmann v. Keller, 100Leigh v. Green, 652Leighton v. Leonard, 696

Leo Sheep Co. v. United States, 645Leonard v. Autocar Sales & Service Co.,

337Leonard v. Fallas, 457LeRoux v. Edmundson, 874Lesher v. Strid, 502Leslie Pontiac, Inc. v. Novak, 354Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement

Co., 963, 965, 966, 969Letts v. Kessler, 163Levy Leasing Co. v. Siegel, 734Lewis v. Marker, 540Lewis v. Poduska, 77Lewis v. Prem. Inv. Corp., 482Lewis v. Prendergast, 501Libman v. Levenson, 470Lieb v. Webster, 629Liesner v. Wanie, 8Liggett & Myers v. United States, 791Lighthouse Cmty. Church of God v. City

of Southfield, 890Liles Bros. & Son v. Wright, 91Limited v. Mott Operating Corp., 161Lindholm v. Brant, 88Lindsay v. James, 682Lindsey v. Clark, 680Lindsey v. DeGroot, 154Lindsey v. Normet, 439, 850, 858Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc., 751Linkous v. Candler, 279Lloyd v. Murphy, 335Locke v. Bort, 484Logan v. Moulder, 521Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan

CATV Corp., 759, 760, 770Los Angeles Brick & Clay Products Co. v.

City of Los Angeles, 142Louis W. Epstein Family P’ship v. Kmart

Corp., 670Louisville Bridge Co. v. United States,

964Lovejoy v. School District, 116Lubner v. City of Los Angeles, 921Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council,

762

xxxiv TABLE OF CASES

Lugosi v. Universal Pictures, 932Lund v. Idaho & Washington Northern

R., 795Luter v. Hutchinson, 103Lutheran Church in Amer. v. City of

New York, 887, 888Luttinger v. Rosen, 486Lux v. Milwaukee Mechanics’ Ins. Co.,

884Lynch v. Hill, 167Lynn v. Hall, 315

M.L. Sigmon Forest Prod., Inc. v. Scroggins, 406

MacArtor v. The Graylyn Crest III Swim Club, Inc., 186

Mackintosh v. Stewart, 525Maddocks v. Giles, 182, 183Magevney v. Karsch, 202Magidson, State ex rel., v. Henze, Mo.

App., 881, 885Malek v. Patten, 77Malloy v. Boettcher, 637Manchester Dairy System, Inc. v.

Hayward, 503Mann v. Lower Makefield Twp., 840Mannin v. Adkins, 673Manufactured Housing Cmties. of Wash.

v. State, 730Marcus Brown Holding Co. v. Feldman,

734, 744Margaret H. Wayne Tr. v. Lipsky, 463Markese v. Cooper, 444Marrs v. City of Oxford, 882Marsh v. Gentry, 18Marshall v. Salt Lake City, 844MAR-SON, Inc. v. Terwaho Enterprises,

Inc., 426Martha’s Vineyard Scuba HQ v. Uniden-

tified Vessel, 38Martin Luther King, Jr. Center v.

American Heritage Products, 925Martin v. Adams, 553Martin v. Allen, 449Martin v. City of Indianapolis, 913

Martin v. City of Linden, 190Martin v. Music, 665, 672Martin v. Prairie Rod & Gun Club, 317Massachusetts Museum of Contempo-

rary Art v. Buchel, 920Masterman v. Masterman, 253Mattel, Inc. v. MCA Records, Inc., 946,

949Matter of (See Name of Matter)Matter of City of (See Name of City)Matter of Estate of (See Name of

Deceased)Mau v. E.P.H. Corp., 449Mauala v. Milford Management Co., 326Maudru v. Humphreys, 471Maxwell v. Redd, 518May v. Marx, 295Maze v. Gordon, 457McAvoy v. Medina, 32McCabe v. City of Parkersburg, 129McCarthy v. City of Leawood, 786McCarthy v. Pieret, 75McCartney v. Robbins, 211McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. v.

Aultman, 964, 965, 971McCrady v. Mahon, 503, 504McCusker v. Goode, 702McGinnis, In re, 592McGlashan v. Spade Rockledge Terrace

Condo. Dev. Corp., 180, 181McGlynn v. Parking Authority of City of

Newark, 56McGregor v. Provident Trust Co. of

Philadelphia, 168McKay Consulting, Inc. v. Rockingham

Memorial Hospital, 977McKee v. Gratz, 9McKelvy v. Cooper, 116McKeown v. Pridmore, 296McKibben v. Pioneer Trust & Savings

Bank, 317, 318McLean v. Caldwell, 391MCM Portfolio LLC v. Hewlett-Packard

Co., 962McPherson v. Barbour, 631

TABLE OF CASES xxxv

McShane v. City of Fairbault, 160, 755, 756

McWhorter v. City of Winnsboro, 825Meadows v. Brich, 541Mease v. Fox, 360, 361Medico-Dental Bldg. Co. of Los Angeles

v. Horton & Converse, 333Melenky v. Melen, 234Melms v. Pabst Brewing Co., 227, 228Melson v. Ormsby, 716Melton v. Melton, 211Memphis Development Foundation v.

Factors Etc., Inc., 932Menlo Park, City of, v. Artino, 789Mercantile Library Co. v. Fidelity Trust

Co., 670Merrill v. Grinnell, 48Merrill v. Jansma, 371Meservey v. Gulliford, 658Messersmith v. Smith, 575Methonen v. Stone, 579Metropolitan Opera Ass’n v. Wagner

Nichols Recorder Corp., 900, 901Metzger v. Hochrein, 172Meyer v. Law, 123Meyers v. Langley, 449Miami Beach, City of, v. State ex rel.

Fontainebleau Hotel Corp., 168, 169, 170

Michels Pipeline Constr., Inc., State v., 189

Mid America Title Co. v. Kirk, 908Midler v. Ford Motor Co., 925Midrash Sephardi, Inc. v. Town of

Surfside, 890Midway Auto Sales, Inc. v. Clarkson, 79Midway Protective League v. City of

Dallas, 825Miebach v. Safe Title Ins. Co., 612Miller v. Clary, 690Miller v. Dyer, 473Miller v. Hoeschler, 169Miller v. Lutheran Conference & Camp

Ass’n, 665, 674

Miller v. Metropolitan Water Reclama-tion Dist., 127

Miller v. Schoene 738, 767Miller v. Whitworth, 379Mills v. Embrey, 248, 250Milwaukee & Sub. Transp. v. Milwaukee

County, 791Minneapolis Post Office Rifle & Pistol

Club v. United States, 797Mission Covenant Church v. Nelson, 876Mitchell v. Foran, 369Mobile Home Owners Protective Assoc.

v. Town of Chatham, 815Moelle v. Sherwood, 564Mohr v. Midas Realty Corp., 170Moline, State ex rel., v. Driscoll, 795Monongahela Nav. Co. v. United States,

791Montana v. San Jose Mercury News, Inc.,

948Montauk Corp. v. Seeds, 335Monterey, City of, v. Del Monte Dunes

at Monterey, Ltd., 787Monumental Properties, Inc., Common-

wealth v., 577Monypeny v. Monypeny, 234Moon v. N. Idaho Farmers Ass’n, 154Moonlight v. Boyce, 447Moore v. City of East Cleveland, 872Moore v. The Regents of the University

of California, 44Moores v. Walsh, 645Mooring v. Brown, 477Morford v. Lensey Corp., 445Morgan Lake Co. v. N.Y., N.H. & H R.R.

Co., 689, 690Morgenstern v. Eastman Kodak Co., 67Morning Call, Inc. v. Bell Atlantic-Penn-

sylvania, Inc., 667Morrell v. Rice, 645Morris County Land Improvement Co.

v. Parsippany-Troy Hills Township, 765

Morris v. Morris, 233Morris v. Ulbright, 216

xxxvi TABLE OF CASES

Morrison v. Bucksport & Bangor R.R. Co., 184

Morseberg v. Balyon, 920Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, 950Moseley v. Zieg, 540, 542, 543Mosher v. Van Buskirk, 257Moss Point Lbr. Co. v. Harrison County,

347Moss v. O’Brien, 115Mott v. Oppenheimer, 691Mountain Queen Condominium Ass’n.

v. Haan, 449Mountain Side Mobile Estates Pship. v.

Sec’y of Hous. and Urban Dev., 857Mountain St. Tel. and Teleg. Co. v.

Kelton, 591Moyer v. Martin, 680Mt. Holly Gardens Citizens in Action v.

Township of Mount Holly, 858Mueller v. Novelty Dye Works, 477Mugler v. Kansas, 738, 744, 745, 769Municipality of (See Name of

Municipality)Murphy v. Bolger, 155Murphy v. New Milford Zoning

Comm’n, 890Murphy v. Smallridge, 445, 446Murr v. Wisconsin, 775Murray v. Miller, 234Murray v. National Broadcasting Co.,

Inc., 975, 976Musgrove v. Cordova Coal, Land &

Improvement Co., 524Myers v. Koenig, 435Mygatt v. Coe, 520Myrick v. James, 185

NAACP v. Alabama, 869NAACP v. Button, 870Nabisco, Inc. v. PF Brands, Inc., 951Naftzger v. American Numismatic Soc’y,

103Nahrstedt v. Lakeside Village Condo-

minium Ass’n, 694Napier v. Napier, 324

Napier v. Springfield, 652Nappi v. La Guardia, 844Narragansett Elec. Co. v. Carbone, 45National Basketball Ass’n v. Motorola,

Inc., 901National Shawmut Bank v. Cutter, 503Neiss v. Franze, 485Nelson v. Oren, 333Nemmers v. City of Dubuque, 803Neponsit Property Owners Association

v. Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank, 687

New York [Public Beach], Matter of City of, 693

New York City Housing Auth. v. Muller, Matter of, 148

New York Times Co. v. Tasini, 957New York Trust Co. v. Eisner, 958New York, O. & W. R. Co. v. Livingston,

227, 229, 230Newman v. Carson, 69Newsham v. Gray, 969Newton v. Magill, 580Nicholas v. Adams, 72Nichols v. Day, 311Nichols v. Luce, 644Nicoll v. New York & Erie R.R. Co., 26999 Cents Only Stores v. Lancaster

Redevelopment Agency, 728Nies, In re, 575No Doubt v. Activision Publishing, Inc.,

943, 944, 945Noke’s Case, 331Nollan v. California Coastal Comm’n,

767, 768, 775, 777, 778, 780, 783Nomar v. Ballard, 169Noonan v. Pardee, 138Noone v. Price, 127Northern Pipeline Constr. Co. v. Mara-

thon Pipe Line Co., 962Northridge Bank v. Lakeshore Comm’l

Fin. Corp., 556Northwest Airlines v. State of Minne-

sota, 157Norwood, City of, v. Horney, 730

TABLE OF CASES xxxvii

O’Connor v. City of Moscow, 818O’Donnell v. Robson, 268O’Donnell v. Weintraub, 388O’Keeffe v. Snyder, 107, 109, 110O’Neil v. Atwell, 170Oakland, City of, v. Oakland Raiders,

788, 793, 794Obergefell v. Hodges, 236Official Airlines Schedule Information

Serv., Inc. v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 975

Ohio, State of, v. Shaw, 13Oil States Energy Servs., LLC v. Greene’s

Energy Grp., LLC, 959Oldfield v. Stoeco Homes, Inc., 205Oliver v. Zoning Commission, 875Olmstead v. United States, 870Omega Corp. v. Malloy, 694Opinion No. 26 of Comm. on Unau-

thorized Practice of Law, In re, 633Opinion of the Justices, 864Oregon City v. Hartke, 883Orito, United States v., 783Otto v. Steinhilber, 831Overholtzer v. Northern Counties Title

Ins. Co., 612, 613Overton v. Lea, 201

P.H. Inv. v. Oliver, 439Paccar v. Schwab, 93Packard-Bamberger & Co. v. Maloof,

394Packwood, Succession of, 239Pagan v. New York Herald Tribune, 937,

938Paine v. Meller, 469Palazzolo v. Rhode Island, 774Palmer v. Schonhorn Enterprises, 929PaperCutter, Inc. v. Fay’s Drug Co., 951Pappenheim v. Metropolitan El. Ry. Co.,

146Paradine v. Jane, 345, 345Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton, 870Park Holding Corp. v. Wieland, 883, 885Parks v. LaFace Records, 934

Parsons, State v., 13Pate v. Riverbend Mobile Home Village,

371Patterson v. Reigle, 120Pavesich v. New England Life Ins. Co.,

928, 930, 931Payton v. New York 728Peabody v. Norfolk, 977Pearson v. Nelley, 203, 204Peet v. The Roth Hotel Co., 50Pelham Esplanade v. Board of Trustees,

Matter of, 816, 817Pell v. Board of Educ., Matter of, 887Pendergrast v. Aiken, 179Penelko, Inc. v. John Price Assoc. Inc.,

388Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New

York City, 161, 739, 740, 742, 745, 747, 750, 755, 764, 765, 767, 772, 773, 780, 888

Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 732, 740, 743, 751, 764, 765, 770, 778, 784, 802

Pennsylvania Nw. Distribs., Inc. v. Zoning Hearing Bd., 820

Pennsylvania Rd. Co. v. Donovan, 119Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of, v.

Gosselin, 15People ex rel. (See Name of Party)People v. (See Name of Defendant)People’s Counsel for Baltimore Cty. v.

Mangione, 840People’s Savings Bank v. Bates, 584, 585Peoria Heights, Village of, v. Keithley, 267Performance Systems, Inc. v. First

American National Bank, 395Perkinpine v. Hogan, 667Perkins v. Gosewehr, 485Pernod v. American National Bank and

Trust Company, 295Perry v. J.L. Mott Iron Works Co., 345Peters v. East Penn Township School

District, 202Peterson v. Superior Court, 372Peterson v. Vasak, 830, 831

xxxviii TABLE OF CASES

Peterson v. Wirum, 488Petrain v. Kiernan, 582Petty Motor Co., United States v., 800Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc., 963, 964Pharr, City of, v. Tippitt, 821Phelps v. McQuade, 79Philadelphia, R.&N.E. R.R. Co. v.

Bowman, 232Philbin v. Carr, 120Phipps v. Leftwich, 248Phoenix Title & Trust Co. v. Old Domin-

ion Co., 557Pierce Oil Corp. v. City of Hope, 811Pierce v. Casady, 156Pierce v. Ne. Lake Wash. Sewer and

Water Dist., 169Pierson v. Post, 3, 8, 12Pikeville Nat’l Bank & Trust Co. v.

Shirley, 72Pingleton v. Shepherd 80Pinzon v. A & G Properties, 363, 366Pioneer Trust & Savings Bank v. Mount

Prospect, 781Pirone v. MacMillan, 939Plymouth Coal Co. v. Pennsylvania, 734,

769Pocantico Water Works Co. v. Bird, 148Poletown Neighborhood Council v. City

of Detroit, 728, 730Polka v. May, 265Pollara v. Seymour, 912Pollock v. Morelli, 344Pollock v. Speidel, 217Ponsler v. Union Traction Co., 353Poole v. French, 211Popov v. Hayashi, 25Popp v. Bond, 286Popp, Succession of, 239Porter v. United States, 791Porter v. Wertz, 81, 86Portland Savings Bank v. Landry, 554Post v. Pearsall, 659Potwin St. Bank v. J.B. Houston & Son,

556Poyck v.Bryant, 362

Prah v. Maretti, 170, 175Pratt v. State, Department of Natural

Resources, 753Prentiss v. Gloucester, 652Presley, Estate of, v. Russen, 927, 932Prete v. Cray, 132, 133Price v. Hal Roach Studios, 927, 931Printz v. United States, 971ProCD v. Zeidenberg, 902Proffitt v. Isley, 520Progress Development Corp. v. Mitchell

854Proprietors of Charles River Bridge v.

Proprietors of Warren Bridge, 972Provident Bank v. Tri- County Southside

Asphalt, Inc., 79PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins,

783Publications Int’l, Ltd. v. Meredith

Corp., 908Pugh v. Holmes, 376, 377Pulchny v. Pulchny, 510Pulcifer v. Bishop, 117Pumpelly v. Green Bay Co., 739Purefoy v. Rogers, 300Purity Extract Co. v. Lynch, 811

Quincey Cablesystems, Inc. v. Sully’s Bar, Inc., 45

Quinn v. Holly, 650

Radice v. New York, 811Rael v. Taylor, 592Rahm v. Domayer, 95, 96Ramsey v. Lewis, 169Randall Mfg. v. Rea, 961Randall v. Chase, 639Randall v. Kreiger, 236Rankin v. FPL Energy, LLC, 176Rasmuson, United States v., 593RCA Mfg. Co. v. Whiteman, 900Real Estate Bar Ass’n for Mass., Inc. v.

Nat’l Real Estate Info. Servs., 634Reaume v. Brennan, 358Reaver v. Martin Theatres, 167

TABLE OF CASES xxxix

Reed v. Piedimonte, 653Reed v. Reed, 869Reeves v. Alyeska Pipeline Service Corp.,

977Region II Child & Family Servs., Inc.,

State ex rel., v. Dist. Ct. of the Eighth Jud. Dist., 876

Register.com v. Verio, 45Reid v. Architectural Board of Review of

the City of Cleveland Heights, 883, 885

Reid v. Mutual of Omaha Ins. Co., 413, 414, 415

Reinman v. Little Rock, 769Reiss v. Reiss, 261Reitman v. Mulkey, 850, 851Rentz, In re Estate of, 288Reste Realty Corp. v. Cooper, 343, 354,

363Rexroth v. Coon, 9Reynolds v. Bagwell, 103Reynolds v. Gagen, 312Reynolds v. McCullough, 401Reynolds v. Van Beuren, 639Reynolds v. Van Wagoner, 477Rhodes v. Pioneer Parking Lot, Inc., 57Rhue v. Cheyenne Homes, Inc., 693Rice v. Boston & Worcester R.R., 268Richardson v. Holman, 270Richardson v. Richardson, 296Richart v. Jackson, 582Richmond, City of, v. United States, 854Riddle v. Harmon, 258Ridenour v. Woodward, 52, 53Rideout v. Knox, 733Rieger v. Wessel, 687Riggs v. Bank of Camas Prairie, 51Riley v. Bear Creek Planning Comm.,

708, 709, 711Ringwood Assocs. v. Jack’s of Route 23,

Inc., 363Ritz v. Selma United Methodist Church,

24Riverbend Condo. Ass’n v. City of

Chicago, 175

RMS Titanic, Inc. v. The Wrecked and Abandoned Vessel, 39

Roath v. Driscoll, 189Roberson v. Rochester Folding Box Co.,

927, 936Roberts v. Hale, 201Roberts v. Lynn Ice Co., 638Roberts v. Martin, 191Robertson v. Bertha Mineral Co., 661Robinson v. Diamond Housing Corp.,

441, 444Robinson v. Glenn, 289Robison v. Stokes, 379Robrecht v. Marling, 331Robroy Land Co. v. Prather, 695Rocamora v. Heaney, 537Rockford Map Publishers, Inc. v.

Directory Serv. Co., 903Rockwell v. Sun Harbor Budget Suites,

379Rodgers v. Village of Tarrytown, 842, 845Rodier v. Twp. of Ridley, 670Rogers v. Cardinal Realty Inc., 488Rogers v. Grimaldi, 946, 949Rogers v. Rogers, 198Rogers v. Watson, 684Rogers, United States v., 232Rogis v. Barnatowich, 586Rohde v. Beztak of Arizona, Inc., 169Roper v. Durham, 165Rose Lawn Cemetery Ass’n v. Scott, 643Rose v. Chaikin, 176Rose v. Freeway Aviation, Inc., 352Rountree v. Thompson, 346Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia, 869Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto Co., 724, 745Rudnick v. Rudnick, 640Russell v. Hill, 42Ruston v. Centennial Real Estate, 422Ryan, In re, 570, 573

S.D.G. v. Inventory Control Company, 406

Saelzler v. Advanced Group 400, 379

xl TABLE OF CASES

Safe Deposit & Trust Co. of Baltimore v. Bouse, 279

Sagamore Corp. v. Willcutt, 409Sain v. Silvestre, 706Saltus & Saltus v. Everett, 106Samples v. Geary 51San Antonio School Dist. v. Rodriguez,

850San Diego Gas & Electric Co. v. San

Diego, 757, 758, 764, 765, 799, 800San Francisco Credit Clearing House v.

Wells, 103Sanborn v. McLean, 687Sanden v. Hanson, 425Sander v. Piggly Wiggly Stores, Inc., 393Sandy Ridge Oil Co., In re, 574Santa Margarita Area Residents Together

v. San Luis Obispo Cty., 827Sapper v. Mathers, 203Saratoga State Waters Corp. v. Pratt, 637Sargent v. Leonardi, 701Scarberry v. Carr, 537Scaringe v. J.C.C. Enterprises, Inc., 706Schedule Information Serv., Inc. v.

Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 975Schenck v. Barnes, 234Scherer v. Hyland, 72Schilback v. Schilback, 253Schlesinger v. Reservists to Stop the War,

852Schley v. Couch, 36Schmidt v. Quinn, 653Schneiker v. Gordon, 413, 414, 415, 420Schork v. Epperson, 165Schroeder v. William Morrow & Co., 904Schuknecht v. Shultz, 317Schultz v. Pritts, 833Schuman v. Greenbelt Homes Inc., 138Schweiger v. Superior Court, 441, 444Scott Family Props., LP v. Mo. Hwys.

and Transp. Comm’n, 170Scott v. Jordan, 142Scranton v. Wheeler, 770SCRAP, United States v., 851Scruggs v. Dennis, 56

Sea Hunters, LP v. The Unidentified, Wrecked & Abandoned Vessel, 39

Seaman v. Harmon, 235, Searl v. School District No. 2 in Lake

County, 230, 231Sebald v. Mulholland, 691Sebastian v. Floyd, 482Seeton v. Pennsylvania Game Comm’n,

15Segelke v. Atkins, 116Seibel v. Higham, 551Seitz Packing & Manufacturing Co. v.

Quaker Oats Co., 649, 650Seligman v. First Nat’l Invs., 491Seminole County v. Mertz, 179Seneca Nation v. Appleby, 269Senez v. Collins, 113Seton v. Swann, 123Seymour v. Osborne, 963Shamrock Hilton Hotel v. Caranas, 62Shanahan v. Collins, 422, 423Shapiro v. Thompson, 869Sharp v. W.H. Moore, Inc., 378Shenandoah Valley Nat’l Bk. v. Taylor,

310Shepard v. Village of Skaneateles, 843,

846Sher v. Leiderman, 175Sheridan v. Lucey, 264Sherman v. Town of Chester, 787Sherwin v. Cabana Club Apts., 449Shields v. City of Kearney, 831Shindler v. Milden, 339Shump v. First Continental-Robinwood

Assocs., 371Sickman v. United States, 11Sierad v. Lilly, 343Sierra Club v. Morton 852Signal Management Corp. v. Lamb, 425Simis v. McElroy, 493Simmons v. Perkins, 658Simon v. Eastern Ky. Welfare Rights

Org., 851, 853Simons Land Co. v. City of Dallas, 825Simpson v. North Platte, 781

TABLE OF CASES xli

Sinclair Pipe Line Co. v. Richton Park, 863, 864

Skally v. Shute, 339Skeen v. Clinchfield Coal Corp., 309Skelly Oil Co. v. Ashmore, 470Skelton v. Martin, 589Skelton v. Spencer, 656Skendzel v. Marshall, 482Skinner v. Reed, 825Slater v. Ward, 654Slotoroff v. Nassau Assocs., 156Smith v. Boyd, 467Smith v. City of Centralia, 795Smith v. Clews, 85Smith v. Cty. of Santa Barbara, 159Smith v. Diplock, 554Smith v. Greenway Apts. LP, 439Smith v. Marrable, 358Smith v. McEnany, 341Smith v. Reeder, 439Smith v. Roberts, 336Smith v. Russ, 80Smith v. Simons, 325Smith v. Smith ex rel. Clarke, 320Smith v. Smith, 222Smith v. Thomas, 521Smith v. Vernon, 485Smith v. Weinstein, 975Smith, In re Estate of, 72Smith, State ex rel., v. Superior Court,

795Sneed v. County of Riverside, 160Snow v. Van Dam, 700, 701, 816Snyder v. Waukesha Cty. Zoning Bd. of

Adjustment, 832Soares v. Town of Atkinson, 862, 863Society for Ethical Culture v. Spatt, 886Society of California Pioneers v. Baker,

103Sollers v. Sollers, 14Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation v.

Lubell, 104Somers v. Kane, 94Sommer v. Kridel, 417Soule v. Bon Ami Co., 976

South Dade Farms, Inc. v. B. & L. Farms Co., 650

South Dakota, State of, v. Rumpca, 11South Norwalk Lodge, No. 709 v. Palco

Hats, Inc., 654Southern Burlington County N.A.A.C.P.

v. Township of Mount Laurel, 863, 865

Spade v. Lynn & Boston Ry. Co., 734Sparkman v. Hardy, 346Sparrow v. Vermont Savings Bank, 366Speed v. Speed, 468Speedy Muffler King, Inc. v. Flanders,

573Speelman v. Pascal, 75, 76Speer v. Donald, 95, 96, 97, 98Spencer’s Case, 706Sporn v. MCA Records, 106Sprague v. Kimball, 701, 702Sproul v. Gilbert, 326Spur Indus., Inc. v. Del E. Webb Dev.

Co., 152, 153St. Johnsbury & L.C. R. Co. v. Willard,

231St. Johnsville, Village of, v. Smith, 231St. Paul Title Insurance Corp. v. Owen,

522St. Stephen’s Church v. Church of

Transfiguration, 269Stamper v. Griffin, 220Stanley v. Georgia, 870Starbucks Corp. v. Wolfe’s Borough

Coffee, Inc., 951State ex rel. (See Name of Party) State of (See Name of State)State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signa-

ture Fin. Group, Inc., 954State v. (See Name of Defendant)Statler Mfg., Inc. v. Brown, 591Stedman v. Gassett, 220Steele v. Latimer, 370Stein v. Darby, 650Steinherz v. Wilson, 537Stephano v. News Group Publications,

Inc., 935

xlii TABLE OF CASES

Stephenson v. Warner, 359Stern v. Marshall, 962, 965, 967, 969Stevens, United States v., 968Stevenson v. Wallace, 641Stewart Transp. Co., In re, 19Stewart v. Childs Co., 357Stewart v. Long Island R. Co., 381Stewart v. Merchants National Bank of

Aurora, 294Stone, United States v., 971Stonehedge Square Ltd. Partnership v.

Movie Merchants, Inc., 419Stop the Beach Renourishment v.

Florida Department of Environ-mental Protection, 751

Storey v. Central Hide & Rendering Co., 153

Stortroen v. Beneficial Finance Co., 453Stoup v. Robinson, 353Stover, People v., 883Stoyanoff, State ex rel., v. Berkeley, 878Strasser v. Stabeck, 501Stratton v. Mt. Hermon Boys’ Sch., 191Strickley v. Highland Boy Gold Mining

Co., 723Stuart v. City of Easton, 204Sturgill v. Indus. Painting Corp., 623Succession of (See Name of Deceased)Sundowner, Inc. v. King, 162, 172Superior Court, State v., 258Surman v. Blansett, 499Sutfin v. State of California, 791Suttle v. Bailey, 703Suydam v. Jackson, 345Swanson v. Safeco Title Insurance Co.,

609Swarth v. Barney’s Clothes, Inc., 58Swetland v. Curtiss Airports Corpora-

tion, 157Swidler & Berlin v. United States, 934Sylvia Shops, Ltd. Partnership v. Hib-

bard, 419Szabo, Matter of, 74, 76, 77

T.W. Phillips Gas & Oil Co. v. Lingenfel-ter, 203, 204

T.W.I.W., Inc. v. Rhudy, 408Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc.

v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 774

Taliaferro v. Salyer, 169Tapscott v. Cobbs, 27Taylor v. Leardi, 138Tazian v. Cline, 643Teague v. Sowder, 201Telluride v. Lot Thirty-Four Venture,

L.L.C., 866Tempur-Pedic Internat’l v. Waste to

Charity, 79Tenhet v. Boswell, 259Tenn v. 889 Assocs., Ltd., 175Tenn-Tex Props. v. Brownell-Electro,

Inc., 344Teodori v. Werner, 364Tequesta, Village of, v. Jupiter Inlet

Corp., 180Terry v. Lock, 33Texas Dep’t of Hous. and Cmty. Affairs

v. The Inclusive Communities Project, Inc., 858

Thodos v. Shirk, 715Thomas v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 612Thomas v. Pullman Trust & Savings

Bank, 317Thomas v. Stewart, 345Thomas v. Thomas, 221Thompson v. Baxter, 218Thompson v. City of Palestine, 822, 824,

825Thompson v. Dildy, 521Thompson v. Godfrey, 208Thompson v. Poirier, 343Thomson, Estate of, v. Wade, 636Thornton, In re Estate of, 239Thornton, State ex rel., v. Hay, 659, 660,

661Thos. Cusack Co. v. Myers, 639Thrifty-Tel Inc. v. Bezenek, 44

TABLE OF CASES xliii

Thyroff v. Nationwide Mutual Ins. Co., 45

Tide Water Pipe Co. v. Bell, 678Tiffany (NJ) Inc. v. eBay, Inc., 951Timed Out, LLC v. Youabian, Inc., 949Timm v. Brown, 389Tinicum Fishing Co. v. Carter, 677Tipton v. Town of Tabor, 6Tobin v. Larkin, 500Tobin v. Rector, 920Toftoy v. Rosenwinkel, 153Toledo Tr. Co. v. Simmons, 33Tom Growney Equipment, Inc. v. Ansley,

93TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing

Displays, Inc., 951Travis v. Moore, 149Treasure Salvors, Inc. v. Unidentified

Wrecked and Abandoned Sailing Vessel, 38

Trenton Banking Co. v. Hawley, 281Trimboli v. Kinkel, 492Trobaugh v. Trobaugh, 224Trustees of Calvary Presbyterian Church

v. Putnam, 268Trustees of Columbia College v. Lynch,

692Tulk v. Moxhay 692, 707Turner v. Mallernee, 544Turner v. Scobey Moving & Storage Co.,

63Turner v. Valentine, 123Tuscarora Club v. Brown, 637Tuttle v. Steele, 316Tyler v. Fidelity and Columbia Trust Co.,

315

U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. O’Brien, 493Uhes v. Blake, 637Ulrich v. N.Y.C. & H.R. R.R. Co., 48Umphres v. J.R. Mayer Enterprises, Inc.,

665Underwood v. Gillespie, 553Union Pacific R. Co., United States v.,

964

United Bank v. Allyn, 611United Methodist Church v. Dobbins,

268United States v. (See Name of

Defendant)United Virginia Bank/Citizens & Marine

v. Union Oil Co., 308University Park, City of, v. Benners, 822,

823Unsel v. Meier, 217Upington v. Corrigan, 269Urosevic v. Hayes, 133

Vade v. Sickler, 115Vail v. L.I.R.R. Co., 269Valatie, Village of, v. Smith, 815Valley Chevrolet Co. v. O.S. Stapley Co.,

94Van Bibber v. Hardy, 521Van Sant v. Rose, 693Vardeman v. Llewellyn, 449Varga v. Credit Suisse, 106Vaughn v. Carter, 512Venuto v. Owens-Corning Fiberglass

Corp., 170Vermont Electric Supply Co. v. Andrus,

365Via v. Beckett, 537Viall v. Carpenter, 653Vieyra v. Engineering Investment Co.,

Inc., 370Village of (See Name of Village)Violi, Matter of, 637Vlahos v. Andrews, 295Volusia Cty. v. Aberdeen at Ormond

Beach, L.P., 787Voorheesville Rod & Gun Club v. E.W.

Tompkins Co., 489

Wacker v. Price, 537Wade v. Jobe, 358Walker Rogge, Inc. v. Chelsea Title &

Guar. Co., 614Walker v. State, 794Walker v. Strosnider, 129, 131

xliv TABLE OF CASES

Walker v. Walker, 235Walker v. Wilson, 587Wallace v. First National Bank of Paris,

289Wallender v. Barnes, 27Walls v. Oxford Mgmt. Co., 378Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Bros.,

Inc., 950, 951Walsh v. Young, 342Walton v. Capital Land, Inc., 665Ward Assocs., Inc. v. Venture, Inc., 588Ward v. Inishmaan Assoc. Ltd. Partner-

ship, 379Wardrop v. Wardrop, 252Warner v. Rasmussen, 414Warren Publ., Inc. v. Microdos Data

Corp., 908Warren v. Albrecht, 316Warren v. Blake, 644Warth v. Seldin, 851, 852, 853Washington v. Davis, 853, 854, 855Waters v. Beau Site Co., 59Waterton v. Linden Motor Co., 50Watkins v. Dodson, 435Watkins v. Watkins, 121Watner v. P & C Food Mkts., Inc., 353Watrous v. Cambridge Bank, 349Watson v. Muirhead, 492Watts v. Krebs, 256Waxahachie v. Watkins, , 825Waxahachie, City of, v. Watkins, 824Wayne, County of, v. Hathcock, 730Weaver v. American Oil Co., 66Weaver v. Ham, 823, 824, 825Weinberg’s Estate, In re, 433Weinberger v. Romero-Barcelo, 956, 958Weir v. Rahon, 265Welborn v. Society for Propagation of

Faith, 364Welch v. Mr. Christmas, 937Wellwood v. Havrah Mishna Anshi

Sphard Cemetery Corp., 652Werner v. Graham, 707, 708, 709, 712Wesson v. Leone Enterprises, Inc., 363

West Almeda Heights Homeowners Ass’n v. Board of County Comm’rs, 717

West Kentucky Coal Co. v. Dilback, 137, 138

West River Bridge Company v. Dix, 790West University Place, City of, v. Ellis,

824West v. Inter-Fin., Inc., 485West v. Smith, 656, 657, 658Westchester Day School v. Vill. of

Mamaroneck, 890Westchester Reform Temple v. Brown,

Matter of, 889Western Land Equities, Inc. v. City of

Logan, 827Westland Housing Corp. v. Scott, 339Westland Nursing Home, Inc. v. Benson,

661Westland Skating Ctr., Inc. v. Gus

Machado Buick, Inc., 176Wetherbee v. First State Bank & Trust

Co., 279, 280, 281Whalen v. Union Bag & Paper Co., 144,

145, 147Whatley v. Mitchell, 71Wheaton v. Peters, 909, 964Wheeler v. City of Pleasant Grove, 803Wheeler v. Reynolds, 234Whelan v. Tobener, 548White Plains, City of, v. Ferraioli, 875White v. Bernhart, 164White v. Samsung Elecs. Am., Inc., 925White v. Smyth, 255White v. W. Title Ins. Co., 615Whitehead Oil Co. v. City of Lincoln, 803Whitinsville Plaza, Inc. v. Kotseas, 698Wichita Properties v. Lanterman, 425Wiese v. Thien, 649Wiggins v. Brazil Coal & Clay Corp., 184Wiley v. Lininger, 481Wilk v. Vencill, 259Willard v. First Church of Christ

Scientist, 637

TABLE OF CASES xlv

Willard v. Parsons Hill, 363Willcox v. Penn. Mutual Life Ins. Co.,

240Williams v. Deriar, 220Williams v. Haddock, 234Williams v. McMahan, 67Williams v. Stewart, 264Williams v. United States, 966Willow River Power Co., United States

v., 796Willowbrook, Village of, v. Olech, 787Willson, In re Estate of, 477, 479Wilson Sporting Goods Co. v. Pedersen,

589Wilsonville, Village of, v. SCA Servs.,

Inc., 143Wing Ming Properties (U.S.A.) Limited

v. Mott Operating Corp., 161Winter v. DC Comics, 943Wisconsin v. Yoder, 889Wisnieski v. Coufal, 462Witter v. Taggart, 588Woelfel v. Tyng, 645Woerz v. Rademacher, 492Wolfe v. Shelley, 290Wolofsky v. Behrman, 495Wong v. Di Grazia, 312Woo v. Smart, 71Wood v. Board of County Comm’rs, 208Wood v. Boynton, 52Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff Gordon, 924Woodbury Place Partners v. City of

Woodbury, 803Woodcock v. Pope, 254Woodland Realty, Inc. v. Winzenried, 484Wool v. Fleetwood, 210

Woolley v. Newcombe, 493Worth, County of, v. Jorgenson, 553Worthington v. Moreland Motor Truck

Co., 408Wright v. Baumann, 414, 423, 425Wright v. Brady, 445Wright v. Cypress Shores Dev. Co., 703Wright v. Douglass, 234Wright v. Emory, 449Wright v. Jenks, 210Wright v. Rockefeller, 853Wroblewski v. Grand Trunk West-ern

Railway Co., 353Wylie, In re Estate of, 306

Yannopoulos v. Sophos, 264Yao v. Chapman, 46Yarbrough v. Yarbrough, 201Yee v. City of Escondido, 761Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 854York v. Jones, 46Young v. Wrightson, 405Young v. Young, 75, 77Youngstown Steel Products Co. of

California v. City of Los Angeles, 665

Yuzefovsky v. St. John’s Wood Apart-ments, 379

Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broad. Co., 925, 929, 940

Zendman v. Harry Winston, Inc., 84, 85Zoltek Corp. v. United States, 959Zych v. Unidentified, Wrecked, and

Abandoned Vessel, Believed to be the SB “Seabird,” 39

xlvii

Preface

Our intention as editors of this casebook is to provide students with a firm grasp of the fundamentals of the law of real and personal property and to help them enjoy the experience. We do not think the two are mutually exclusive. With these objec-tives in mind, we have followed four guidelines in preparing the casebook.

(1) Our case se lection has emphasized rules that are widely accepted in practice. We have included opinions that adopt a minority view only when they also state the majority position clearly, so that students will not be misled about the current state of the law.

(2) Shorter cases have been preferred over longer ones, and short expositions of the rules have been preferred over treatise- like opinions. We think students should also become familiar with the treatises and law review lit er a ture on the subjects raised in the cases. Casebooks are a necessary, but not sufficient, guide to the law.

(3) Many of the cases and notes that follow deal with questions of statutory inter-pretation. The law of real property is less affected by statutory change than many areas of the first year curriculum, but learning to understand the role statutes play in our legal system is of vital importance for all students of the law. Notes have been kept to a minimum.

(4) The nature of the law of property is illuminated by many disciplines. We have emphasized no par tic u lar discipline in selecting cases, writing notes, or defining prob lems, but we think that much of the material in the casebook lends itself to a broad approach to the law.

Richard H. Helmholz, Ruth Wyatt Rosenson Distinguished Ser vice Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School, wrote and edited Chapters 3 and 6 of this casebook in its first three editions, and his guidance continues to be felt in this edition.

For research assistance, Barlow Burke thanks Les Anderson, Catherine Brown, Julie Richmond, Stephanie Quaranta, Erica Gaspar, Alison Fultz, Rachael Reuben, William Weaver, and Brad Jensen; Ann Burkhart thanks Travis Anderson, Emily Flynn, Michael Klemm, Thayer Thompson, Steven Schaefer, and Peter Estall; and Thomas Gallanis thanks Katlyn Bay, Jaime Monte, and Christopher Ramsey.

B.B. A.M.B. T.P.G. 2019