Fundamental Digital Electronics (Spring 2014 )
21
Fundamental Digital Electronics (Spring 2014) Martino Poggio
description
Fundamental Digital Electronics (Spring 2014 ). Martino Poggio. Hard disk drive (HDD). Introduced by IBM in 1956 Dominant form of secondary storage Pros: capacity, price, performance Cons: size, durability. Hard disk drive (HDD). Hard disk drive (HDD). Hard disk drive (HDD). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Fundamental Digital Electronics (Spring 2014 )
Fundamental Digital Electronics (Spring 2014)
Martino Poggio
2Fundamental Digital Electronics
Hard disk drive (HDD)
• Introduced by IBM in 1956• Dominant form of secondary storage• Pros: capacity, price, performance• Cons: size, durability
08.04.2014
3Fundamental Digital Electronics
Hard disk drive (HDD)
08.04.2014
4Fundamental Digital Electronics
Hard disk drive (HDD)
08.04.2014
5Fundamental Digital Electronics
Hard disk drive (HDD)
08.04.2014
6Fundamental Digital Electronics
Hard disk drive (HDD)
08.04.2014
Fundamental Digital Electronics 7
Hard disk drive (HDD)
08.04.2014
8Fundamental Digital Electronics
Hard disk drive (HDD)
08.04.2014
9Fundamental Digital Electronics
HDDs in the last 30 years
• Capacity: 3.75 MB 4 TB• Volume: refrigerator 20 mL• Weight: 910 kg 48 g• Density: 2 kbit/in2 600 Gbit/in2
• Price: 15k USD/MB 0.0001 USD/MB• Access time: 100 ms 3 ms
08.04.2014
Fundamental Digital Electronics 10
Millipede Memory
08.04.2014
11Fundamental Digital Electronics
Millipede Memory: Concept
• Store bits as high density “divots” in a polymer film
• Use many nanoscopic cantilever tips in parallel to read and write
• Achieve stability of HDD and speed of DRAM…
08.04.2014
12Fundamental Digital Electronics
Millipede Memory: Read
• Read: probe tip heated to 300 C, and moved over data point; measure temperature of the canitlever; if there is a divot, heat will leak from the tip quickly; if not. heat will leak slowly.
08.04.2014
13Fundamental Digital Electronics
Millipede Memory: Write
• Write “1”: probe tip heated to 400 C (above glass transition) and pushed into the surface; tip pulled away after cooling.
• Write “0”: prove tip heated to 400 C and pushed into the surface; tip pulled away still hot, allowing surface tension to pull the surface flat.
08.04.2014
Fundamental Digital Electronics 14
Millipede Memory
08.04.2014
Fundamental Digital Electronics 15
Millipede Memory
08.04.2014
16Fundamental Digital Electronics
Millipede as of 2005
• Density: 800 Gbit/in2
• 64 x 64 cantilevers• Pit size: 10-20 nm
08.04.2014
Fundamental Digital Electronics 17
Flash Memory (SSD)
• Introduced by Toshiba ca. 1980• Growing form of secondary storage• Pros: size, durability (no moving parts!), power
consumption, speed• Cons: capacity, long-term reliability, price
08.04.2014
Fundamental Digital Electronics 18
Flash Memory (SSD)
08.04.2014
Fundamental Digital Electronics 19
Flash Memory (SSD)
08.04.2014
Fundamental Digital Electronics 20
Flash Memory (SSD)
• Memory wear: 1k – 1M cycles… and improving• Read disturb• Capacity: 256 GB in 2012…• Faster at reading than writing
08.04.2014
Fundamental Digital Electronics 21
Flash Memory (SSD)
08.04.2014
