Functions of the Digestive System Ingests food Breaks it down so nutrients can be absorbed...
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Transcript of Functions of the Digestive System Ingests food Breaks it down so nutrients can be absorbed...
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Functions of the Digestive System
• Ingests food• Breaks it down
so nutrients can be absorbed
• Eliminates what cannot be digested
04/21/23 2
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Digestion• Phases Include
1. Ingestion2. Movement3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion4. Absorption5. Elimination
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Digestion• Types
– Mechanical (physical)• Chew• Tear• Grind• Mash• Mix
– Chemical• Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
– Carbohydrates– Proteins– Lipids
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Digestive System Organization• Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
– Tube within a tube– Direct link/path between organs– Structures
• Mouth• Pharynx• Esophagus• Stomach• Small intestine• Large Intestine• Rectum
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Mouth• Teeth mechanically
break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch).
• Epiglottis is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it.
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Esophagus• Approximately 10” long• Functions include:1. Secrete mucus2. Moves food from the throat to
the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis
• If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn.
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Stomach• J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food
you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces.• Mixes food with digestive juices that
contain enzymes to break down proteins and lipids.
• Acid in the stomach kills bacteria.• Food found in the stomach is called chyme.
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Small Intestine• Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long• Lining of intestine walls has finger-like
projections called villi, to increase surface area.
• The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption.
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04/21/23 10
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Small Intestine• Nutrients from the food pass into the
bloodstream through the small intestine walls.
• Absorbs:– 80% ingested water– Vitamins– Minerals– Carbohydrates– Proteins– Lipids
• Secretes digestive enzymes
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Large Intestine• About 5 feet long• Accepts what small intestines don’t
absorb• Rectum (short term storage which
holds feces before it is expelled).
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Large Intestine• Functions
– Bacterial digestion• Ferment carbohydrates• Protein breakdown
– Absorbs more water– Concentrate wastes
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Accessory Organs
• Not part of the path of food, but play a critical role.
• Include: Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
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Liver• Directly affects digestion by producing
bile– Bile helps digest fat
• filters out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol
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Gall Bladder
• Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine.
• Fatty diets can cause gallstones
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Pancreas
• Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins
• Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
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Fun Facts
• HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet in an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long!
• Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine can last 18 hours to 2 days!
• In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle about 50 tons!!
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On a sheet of paper, write the name of each colored organ:
• Green:• Red:• Pink:• Brown:• Purple:• Green:• Yellow:
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How’d you do?
• Green: Esophagus• Red: Stomach• Pink: Small Intestine• Brown: Large Intestine• Purple: Liver• Green: Gall Bladder• Yellow: Pancreas
Great Job!
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References and Links
• Your Digestive System and How It Works– Digestive system diagram comes from this site
• The Real Deal on the Digestive System• Pancreas: Introduction and Index• Your Gross and Cool Body - Digestive System