•Name : Sulaiman Bin Mat Amin

•No matric : D20121059138

•Subject Cod : QKU 3073

•Topic : Functional Progressions Part 1

• Group : B

FUNCTIONAL

PROGRESSIONS PART 1

INTRODUCTION

• In the athletic community, injuries and subsequent disability frequently occur. Disabilities can be described as restrictive 'influences that "disease and injury exert upon neuromotor performances.

• In an effort to reduce the lasting effects of injury, the athletic trainer should direct rehabilitation toward improving neuromuscular coordination and agility and not simply toward increasing strength and endurance.

• If rehabilitation is directed toward regaining range of motion flexibility. strength. and endurance and perhaps primarily toward increasing neuromuscular coordination and agility.

•However, if the program simply provides a means for reducing signs and symptoms associated with the injury the athlete will not return to a safe and effective level of activity. As a result, rehabilitation of athletic injuries needs to focus on return to preinjury activity levels

•Function refers to patterns of motion that use multiple joints acting with various axes and in multiple planes. Traditional rehabilitation techniques, although vital to the return of funciton, often stress single joints in single planes of motion.

•To complement traditional rehabilitation, the athletic trainer can use functional rehabilitation techniques. Functional rehabilitation, along with traditional methods, will ready the athlete for activity and competition more successfully than if either method is employed alone.

THE ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL PROGRESSIONIS INREHABILITATION

• The role of the functional progression is to improve and complete the clinical rehabilitation process.

• A functional progression is a succession of activities that simulate actual motor and sport skills, enabling the athlete to acquire or reacquire the skills needed to perform athletic endeavors safely and effectively.

• The athletic trainer takes the activities involved in a given sport and breaks them down into individual components. In this way the athlete concentrates on individual parts of the game or activity in a controlled environment before combining them together in an uncontrolled environment as would exist during full competition.

• The functional progression places stresses and forces on each body system in a well-planned, positive, and progressive fashion, ultimately improving the athlete's overall ability to meet the demands of daily activities as well as sport competition.

• The functional progression is essential in the rehabilitation process, because tissues not placed under performance-level stresses do not adapt to the sudden return of such stresses with the resumption of full activity

• The functional progression is integrated into the normal rehabilitation scheme, as one component of exercise therapy, rather than replacing traditional rehabilitation altogether.

BENEFITS OF USINGFUNCTIONAL PROGRESSIONS

PHYSICAL BENEFITS

Strength

Endurance

Mobility and Flexibility

Relaxation

Coordination ,Skill & Agility

Assessment of functional stability

PSYCHOLOGICAL/SOCIAL BENEFITS

Decreased anxiety

Decreased deprivation

Decreased apprehension

PHYSICAL BENEFITS

• IMPROVING FUNCTIONAL STABILITY

•Maintained by neuromuscular control mechanisms involved in proprioception and kinesthesia

•Performance during functional task can be evaluated and corrected

•Functional testing can be used to provide objective measure of ability

•MUSCLE STRENGTH

•Muscles involved will be strengthened dynamically under stresses similar to those encountered in competition

•Using SAID and Overload Principles

•ENDURANCE

•Muscular and cardiorespirtaory endurance can be enhanced with functional progressions

•Through repetition of of individual activities and their combination into one general activity

•FLEXIBILITY

• Injured area stressed within a controlled range during functional progression

• Improved mobility and flexibility crucial to patient return to activity

•Strength and endurance do not mean much if injured area cannot move through normal ROM

•MUSCLE RELAXATION

•Functional progression can teach an individual to recognize muscle tension and eventually control or remove it by relaxing muscles after exercise

•Relieve muscle guarding that may inhibit normal ROM

•MOTOR SKILLS

• Coordination, agility and motor skills are complex aspects of normal function

• Needed to transform strength, flexibility and endurance into full-speed performance

• Repetition and practice are are important to learning motor skills

• Rehabilitation exercises must stress neuromuscular coordination and agility to increase performance and decrease chance of reinjury

• Develop automatic reactions needed during activity

PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS• Functional progression can help reduce common emotions found after injury

• Anxiety• Athlete gradually placed into more demanding situations.• Experience success and not be as concerned with failure

• Deprivation• Athlete can engage in activity during practice to remain close in proximity and

socially feel little loss in team cohesion

• Apprehension• Enable patient to adapt to imposed demands of their sport in a controlled

environment• Restore confidence

COMPONENTS OF A FUNCTIONALPROGRESSION• Functional progressions can begin early post-injury.The early focus

of phase 1 in the progression is on restoration of joint range of motion, muscular strength, and muscle endurance.

• The next phase of the progression focuses on incorporating proprioception and agility exercises into the program.

• These two phases can be two separate phases or, as is often the case. They may overlap.

•By including proprioception and agility exercises into the program, the injured area is positively stressed to improve the neurovascular, neurosensory, and kinetic functions.

•The functional progression should allow for planned sequential activities that challenge the athlete while allowing for success. The success will give the athlete confidence in his or her ability to complete tasks and motivate the athlete to attain the next goal. Neglecting to plan and use a simple progression can lead to reinjury, pain, effusion, tendinitis, or a plateau in performance.

ACTIVITY CONSIDERATIONS

• To provide the athlete with these activities, four principles must be observed:

1. First, the individuality of the athlete, the sport, and the injury must be addressed.

2. Second, the actjvities should be positive, not negative; no increased signs and symptoms should occur.

3. Third, an orderly progressive program should be utilized.

4. Fourth, the program should be varied to avoid monotony.

Steps To Minimize Monotony Include These:

•Vary exercise techniques used.

• Alter the program at regular intervals.

•Maintain fitness base to avoid reinjury with return to play.

•Set achievable goals. reevaluate, and modify regularly

•Use clinical. home, and on-field programs to vary the activity.

Combining Components Of Physical Fitness With Components Of Athletic Fitness In Functional Progressions.

REFERENCE

• Andrews, J. R. 1990. Preventive and rehabilitative exerciscs for the shoulder and elbow . Birmingham: American Sports Medicine Institute.

• Galley, J. 1991. Human movement: An introductory text for physiotherapists. London: UK Limited.

• Mullin, M. J. 2000. Functional rehabilitation of the knee. Athletic Therapy Today 5(2)

• Tibonc. J. M., M. S. Antich, and G. S. Fanton. et al. 1986. Function of analysis of anterior cruciate ligament instability. American Joumal of Sports Medicine 13:34- 39.

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