Functional Groups Handout - UCI...
Transcript of Functional Groups Handout - UCI...
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Functional GroupsUCI Chem 51A
Dr. Link
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Goals
After this lesson you should be able to:
Recognize and identify common functional groups
Memorization alert: There are a significant number of items in this lesson that will need to be memorized.
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What Do These Molecules Have in Common?
Functional groups are an important organizing factor in organic chemistry.
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Functional Groups
Organic molecules have two main parts.
Carbon backbone: The carbon and hydrogen skeleton of a molecule
Functional groups: groups of atoms/bonds that determine the physical and biological properties and reactivity of a molecule
Memorization Alert: You will need to memorize functional groups!
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HydrocarbonsAlkanes, alkenes, alkynes
alkane* alkene alkyne
butane ethylene(ethene)
acetylene(ethyne)
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More HydrocarbonsBenzene rings and related groups
“Aromatic hydrocarbons”
benzene phenyl group benzyl group
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Electronegative Atoms
AKA C-Z bonds
Bond FG Name Molecule NameC-X halo alkyl halide
C-OH hydroxy group
alcoholC-O-C alkoxy etherC-NR2* amino amineC-SH mercapto thiolC-S-C alkythio sulfide
CH3I
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Carbonyl-Related Functional GroupsStructure FG Name Molecule Name
carbonyl aldehyde
carbonyl ketone
carboxy carboxylic acid
-COOR ester
-CONR2 amide
-COX acid halide (Cl)
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Importance of Functional Groups: Reaction Preview
Functional groups tell us how a molecule will react!
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Importance of Functional Groups: Properties Preview
Functional groups control physical and biological properties!
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Wrapping Up
Practice identifying functional groups in molecules.