Full Wave Rectifier (Physics)

8/9/2019 Full Wave Rectifier (Physics)

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A

Project Report

“FULL WAVE

RECTIFIER”

Department of Physics

S.D. MODEL

SCHOOL

Towards Partial fulfillment of the Recruitment of the

Class (XII) (Medical)ession! "##$ % "##&

'nder the uperision of!Mr Rajesh AtriPhysics *ecturer +a,adhri - ./0##/

u1mitted 1y!AjayClass! XIIRoll 2o


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3/33

C3RTI4ICAT3

This is to certify that Project entitled 4'** 5A63

R3CTI4I3R 7 *89IC 9AT3 is being submitted successfully by

:ARPR33T ;A'R student of XII A Science (2008-0! is the

"artial fulfillment of a bonafide record of #or$ done by her under

su"er%ision&

D M8D3* C:88*+A9AD:RI-./0##/

9uided 1y!Mrs Pareen DiwanPrincipal of chool

MrRajesh AtriPhysics *ecturer


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AC;285*3D93M32T

It gi%es us a great "leasure to e'"ress our grateful than$s to

these #hose too$ #ho too$ been interest in com"leting my "roject&

I remain grateful than$s to our "hysics lecturer Mr Rajesh

Atri and our res"ected Princi"al of school Mrs Pareen Diwan for

ha%ing "ro%ed their %aluable su""ort and guidance to com"lete

this "roject&

:arpreet ;aur XII-A()edical!S&*& )odel School+agadhri&


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C82T32T

• I,T.*/TI.,

• I/IT *IA1A)

• .3I,1

• .)P.,4,T /S4*5

TA,SIST.

*I.*4

4SIST.

6&4&*&7S

I,S/6ATI., T4)I,A6

A*A,TA14S

.STI,1


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I2TR8D'CTI82!

The electrical "o#er is generally transmitting and distributed

as A&& for economical reason& As such as alternating %oltage is

a%ailable at the main& 9ut mot of the electrical circuit need *&&

%oltage for their o"eration&

Therefore no#-a-day almost all electronic e:ui"ment include

a circuit A&& %oltage of mains su""ly into *&& %oltage&

The rectifier circuit is the heart of a "o#er su""ly& The

follo#ing t#o rectifier circuit are generally used;

ull #a%e rectifier

. :alf 5ae Rectifier!

In this #a%e rectifier #e can rectify the "ositi%e half of A&&

" 4ull 5ae Rectifier!

It is a de%ice #hich can rectify the "ositi%e and negati%e half

cycle of A&&


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5or


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TRA248RM3R

The transformer is a de%ice #hich can transfer A&& electrical

energy from one electrical circuit to another electrical energy& The

s"ecial feature of the de%ice is that ta$es "lace through magnetic

flu'& The magnetic flu' lin$s both the electrical circuit&

Transformer!

The sim"le element of transformer consist of t#o coil ha%ing

mutual inductance and a laminated steel core& The t#o coils are

insulated from each other and from the steel are other necessary

"art are same suitable container for the assembled core and

#indings from its container for suitable beuhing for insulating and

medium for insulating the core and modem out the terminals of the

#indings from the tan$&

5or


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states that the direction of induced electromagnetic flu' is al#ays

o""osite to the causes of their direction is a""lied alternati%e

%oltage&

Types of transformer!

There are mainly t#o ty"es of transformer;


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DI8D3

Definition!

hen a P-ty"e semiconductor is suitable joined to ,-ty"e

semiconductor the connect surface so formed is called P-,

junction&

4ormation of P-2 +unction!

In actual "article the P-, junction is not formed by the just

bringing a P-ty"e semiconductor bloc$ near to ,-ty"e

semiconductor loo"s& Actually P-, junction is fabricated by s"ecial

techni:ue namely gro#ing allo#ing and diffusion methods&

The most common method of ma$ing P-, junction is called

alleging& An alloyed junction is made from n ty"e slide of

semiconductors by meeting a "late of tri%alent medium "laced on

slide&

This id done by heating system& The indium is obser%ed into

germanium or silica to "roduce a "ersion and hence a P-, junction

is formed& =o#e%er diffusion "rocess is also used to form P-,

junction& In this "rocess the semiconductors #afers of one

conducting are "laced in %essel that contains an mode of im"urity

to the added& The combination of "assed slo#ly through the

furnace #ith accurately $no#n and controlled tem"erature of 800c


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B& Ceneer diode in %oltage stabiliDing circuit&

E& As %aractor diodes for used in %oltage controlled tuning

circuit as any be found in radio T&& recei%ers for this

"ur"ose& The diode is deliberating made to ha%e a certain

range of junction ca"acitance&

The ca"acitance of re%ersed biased diode is gi%en by&

F 3

√µ


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R3IT8R

I2TR8D'CTI82!

The flo# of current through any material e'"erience on

o""osite force #hich is $no#n as resistance of the material&

These are lot of resistance and %ariable resistance a%ailable

in mar$et to different %alues for resistance colour coding is used

four colour bands are "ointed on the outer coding of esistor& The

%alues for different colours has been assigned by manufacturing&

The colour #ith their %alues in different bands are listed as under&

Therefore mostly of t#o ty"e of resistor used i&e& fi'ed resistor and

%ariable resistor& esistor are "assi%e com"onent and they are

made of carbon clay com"osition&


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TA=*3 48R C8*8'R-C8DI29 48R R3ITA2C3

2o Colour AssociatieDi,it

Multiplier Tolerance


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B! ,o# see third line colour and let it be red& Then the %alue of

red in the third band is multi"ly by first founded t#o %alues as

2


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*I9:T 3MITTI29 DI8D3!

6&4&.& is that #hich emits light in %isible region and emits find

a""lication in the instruments dis"lays "anelsindicatorsdigital

#atchescalculatorsmultimeters inter com tele"hone etc&

*3D!

6&4&*&7s ha%e a number of ad%antages o%er and ordinary

incondenient cam"s;


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I2'*ATI82 T3RMI2A*

Insulating terminals are used at the in"ut for gi%ing su""ly to

the circuit and at the out"ut for ta$ing the su""ly&

These are made of brass metal form in the form of belt #hich

is tighten #ithout to insulators from body to instrument& These

terminals are ma$e belo# B2 am"ere current&

A ba$elite hand is also "roduced& So that there is no sine of

shoc$ #hen #e touch the e:ui"ment under the lead condition&

These insulating terminals are called as a "rotecti%e de%ice #hich

"rotect from s"ar$ing&

AD6A2TA93

as the PI across each diode is on half to that of the centre

ta" circuit&


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C8TI29!

28 C8MP8232T >'A2TIT? C8T T8TA*


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A PR8+3CT R3P8RT

84

P:?IC

82

u1mitted to!The Central =oard of econdary 3ducation

(ession "##0-"##)

Department of Physics

'nder the superision of!Mr RA6I2D3R ;'MAR MA29A*)&Sc& 9&4d&6ecturer in Physics

u1mitted 1y!Anil harmaXII (,on )edical!oll ,o& KKKK&&


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C82T32T

9onafide ertificate

Ac$no#ledgement

Introduction

Transformer

Sources of 4nergy 6oss

Precautions

Some Terms related to diode

64*

>ull a%e ectifier

or$ing of ectifier

A""lications of ectifier


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=82A4ID3 C3RTI4ICAT3

This is to certify that Project entitled LM'ICA* D88R =3**B is

being submitted by student Anil harma student of XII (,on-

)edical! is the #or$ done under my su"er%ision& This is further to

certify that he had #or$ed sincerely in com"leting the "roject in

Physics laboratory of our school&&

Mr Rainder ;umar Man,al6ecturer of Physics

S&&,&P& SchoolHamuna ,agar&


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AC;285*3D93M32T

ith immense "leasure I e'tent my heartfelt than$s to those

#hose hel" #ent long #ay in the com"letion of this %ery "roject& I

also e'"ress my gratitude to Mr Rainder ;umar Man,al

(6ecturer of Physics! Mr Ra


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I2TR8D'CTI82

R3CTI4I3R! It is a de%ice #hich is used for con%erting alternating

current %oltage into direct current?%oltage&

Rectifier are two types!

ull a%e ectifier

9ut our aim is to discuss about >ull a%e ectifier&


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STEP UP TRANSFORMER

P1

P2

Laminated Core

STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

Laminated Core

P2

P1

Input A.C.Output

S1

S2

Input A.C.


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TRA248RM3R

A transformer is an electric de%ice #hich is used for

changing a&c& current or %oltage&

Types of Transformer!


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MA+8R 8'RC3 84 323R9? *83 I2 TRA248RM3R

. Copper *oss! It is a loss of energy in the form of heat in

co""er coils of a transformer& This is due to joulte heating of

conducting #ires&

" Iron *oss! Iron loss in the energy loss in form of heat in iron

core of transformer& This is due to formation of eddy current

in iron core&

/ *ea


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PR3CA'TI82


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REVERSE BIASE

DEPLECTION LAXER


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8M3 T3RM R3*AT3D T8 DI8D3

Intrinsic emi Conductors! A "ure semiconductors #hich is free

from e%ery im"urity is called Intrinsic semi conductors&

3trinsic emi Conductors! A do"ed semi conductors or a semi

conductors #ith suitable im"urity atoms added to it is

called 4'trinsic semi conductors&


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*I9:T 3MITTI29 DI8D3 (*3D)

D34I2ITI82!

It is a "-n junction made of gallium arsenide or indium

"hos"hide as the semiconductors it is used in for#ard bias

arrangement as sho#n in figure;-

58R;I29 84 *3D

*ue to recombination of holes and electronic energy is released at

junction #hich is emitted at light& In the "resent case #a%e length

of light falls in the %isible region therefore it can be obser%ed&


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Principle! Its #or$ing is based on the fact that the resistance of

"-n junction becomes lo# #hen for#ard biased and becomes high

#hen re%erse biased&

Construction! A&& to be rectified is connected to "rimary P


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58R;I29 84 4'** 5A63 R3CTI4I3R

*uring "ositi%e half cycle u""er diode is for#ard biased and

thus conducts #hereas lo#er diode is re%erse biased& =ence no

current flo#s through it&

*uring negati%e half cycleM lo#er being re%erses biased do

not conducts&

The out"ut %oltage is unidirectional and ha%e ri""les

contents i&e& a&c& com"onents along #ith d&c& com"onents& It can

be made d&c& filtering it by "assing through a ca"acitor before it is

"ut in use&

Time

Time


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APP*ICATI82

Full Wave Rectifier (Physics)

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