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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very much thankful to M/s Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd. by assigning the

preparation of Environment Impact Assessment report for proposed 45 MW

Power Plant at Village. Bharapar, Ta. Gandhidham, Dist. Kutch.

We sincerely acknowledge the efforts made by Mr. Rajesh Rawat (V.P. –

Projects) & other team member of company for co- ordination & logistic

support during this assignment. We are very much thankful to Mr. S. K.

Maheshwari (Group Executive Director & C.O.O.) and Mr. Nitin Puranik

(Executive Director) for giving us an opportunity to work with M/s Shree

Renuka Sugar Ltd.

HARDIKSHAHSECRETARY

State Level Expert Appraisal Committee

Ref. No. : EIA-10-2009- 626-E

~

'hri Nitin Puranik [Executive Director]

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited

Vill Bharapar, Tal Gandhidham,

Dist Kutch

STATE LEVEL EXPERT APPRAISAL

COMMITTEE, GUJARAT.

Forests & Environment Department

Block No. 14/8, SachivalayaGandhinagar-382 010, GUJARAT.

Phone : 079 -23251071, 23252655.Fax: 079 -23251071.Email: [email protected]

Date: May 18, 2010.

Sub:Environment Clearance under the EIA Notification 2006 for your proposed project

at Vill Bharapar, Tal Gandhidham, Dist Kutch

Dear Sir,

This refers to your application on the subject mentioned above and the meeting held with the

State Level Expert Appraisal Committee, Gujarat, on 29th March, 2010. The relevant information

furnished in Form I and presentation made before the SEAC was considered and the additional

TOR's were communicated to you by the SEAC immediately after the said presentation.

However, a copy of the same is attached herewith for further necessary action at your end. You

may please furnish the desired information / documents to enable us to process the application

further.

With regards,

(Har 1 Shah)

Secretary, State Level Expert Appraisal Committee

End :As above.

Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd, Viii Bharapar Tal Gandhidham, Dist Kutch.

It is proposed to install thermal power plant of 45 MW capacity. Expected cost of the

proposed project is Rs. 160 Crores. Land requirement for the proposed power plant will be

@ 56340 sq.m. Requirement of fresh water will be 600 KLD, which will be sourced from

Gujarat Water Infrastructure Ltd. Industrial effluent generation from the proposed power

plant will be 386 KLlday, which will be treated in ETP and treated wastewater will be utilized

for plantation / gardening within the factory premises. Domestic wastewater generation will

be 20 KLlday, which will be disposed off through soak pit. To generate 45 MW power, total

250 TPH steam will be required. It is proposed to install three steam boilers; two boilers

having capacity of 70 TPH and one boiler having capacity of 110 TPH. The proposed power

plant will be operated with DCS technology. Indian Coal - 29816 Kg/Hour and Imported

Coal - 21822 Kg/Hour will be used as fuel in power plant. It is proposed to install one ESP

for two boilers of 70 TPH and one ESP for boiler of 110 TPH with three number of operating

fields. The ESPs have been designed to achieve outlet dust concentration of 100 mg/Nm3

with full load capacity. It is proposed to install opacity meter at the stack for online

continuous monitoring of particulate matter concentration. Bottom ash generation will be 1.3

TPH & 0.15 TPH from each boiler for Indian Coal and Imported Coal respectively. Fly ash

generation will be 5.5 TPH & 0.5 TPH from each boiler for Indian Coal and Imported Coal

respectively. One silo of 30 m3capacity is proposed for storage of bottom ash and one silo

of 400 m3capacity is proposed for storage of fly ash. The ash will be sold to cement

manufacturers. ETP sludge generation will be @ 1 to 1.5 MT/day and it will be disposed at

TSDF site. Used Oil - 1 MT/Month and Waste Oil - 1 MT/Month will also generate as

hazardous wastes. The company has obtained Consent to Establish from the Gujarat

Pollution Control Board on 25/1/2010 for manufacturing of Refined Sugar, Molasses &

Waste Lime.

Technical presentation by the project proponent included introduction of the company,

products of the company, legal requirement for environmental clearance, purpose of the

project, salient features of the project, satellite image showing plant location, on site

meteorology, capacity of power plant, manufacturing process, water consumption,

wastewater generation, fuel consumption, analysis of Indian & Imported Coal, details of

stack & APCM, boilers & auxiliaries, ESP, ash management plan, ash generation and

disposal, proposed TOR etc.

After deliberations on various aspects of the proposed power plant, the TOR proposed by

the project proponent were accepted and the project proponent was asked to include the

following additional TOR for the EIA study to be done covering 10 km radius from the project

boundary of the proposed site:

1. Project site specific details such as distance of the project site from the nearest (1)

Village (2) Water Body : Creek / Nallah / Lake / Pond / Reservoir / Canal (3) National

Highway (4) State Highway (5) Railway line (6) Heritage site (7) National Park / Wild Life

Sanctuary / Reserve Forest shall be included in the rapid EIA report to be prepared

covering one season (other than monsoon) data.

2. Present land use pattern of the study area as well as the project area shall be given

based on satellite imagery.

3. Status of the sugar refinery plant for which Consent to Establish has been obtained from

the GPCB.

4. Layout plan of the factory premises. Provision of continuous unobstructed peripheral

open path within the project area for unobstructed easy movement of the emergency

vehicle / fire tenders without reversing back. Mark the same in the plant layout.

5. Technical details of the proposed power plant alongwith details of strategy for

implementation reuse / recycle and other cleaner production options for reduction of

wastes. Generation of waste gases and utilization of waste heat have to be set out.

6. Assessment of source of the water supply with adequacy of the same to meet with the

requirements for the project. Copy of letter of permission / commitment obtained from

GWIL / GWSSB for supply of fresh water for the proposed power plant.

7. Detailed water balance (including reuse-recycle, if any) alongwith qualitative and

quantitative analysis of the each waste stream to be generated from all sources

including Boilers, Cooling Towers, D.M. Plant etc. Details of methods to be adopted for

the water conservation. Explore feasibility for complete waste water recycling / reuse to

achieve zero discharge.

8. Characteristics of untreated and treated wastewater. A detailed effluent treat ability

study vis-a-vis the adequacy and efficacy of the treatment facilities proposed for the

wastewater to be generated alongwith adequacy and efficacy report. The characteristic

on which treatability is based shall also be stated.

9. Details of the ETP units including its capacity, size of each unit, retention time and other

technical parameters and details about up-gradation in the existing ETP (if any

proposed) to take care of the increased wastewater generation due to the proposed

CPP.

10. Application wise break-up of treated effluent quantity to be recycled / reused in various

applications like sprinkling on roads, storage yard and green belt development etc.

Details about availability of open land for utilizing increased quantum of effluent due to

the proposed power plant for plantation / gardening. How it will be ensured that treated

effluent won't flow outside the premises linked with storm water during high rainy days.

11. One season site-specific meteorological data including temperature, relative humidity,

hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall shall be provided

12. One complete season AAQ data (except monsoon) to be given along with the dates of

monitoring. The parameters to be covered shall include PM1O, PM25, S02, NOx and Hg.

The location of the monitoring stations should be so decided so as to take into

consideration the pre-dominant downwind direction, population zone and sensitive

receptors including reserved forests. There should be at least one monitoring station in

the upwind direction. There should be at least one monitoring station in the pre

dominant downwind direction at a location where maximum ground level concentration is

likely to occur.

13. Impact of the project on the AAQ of the area. Details of the model used and the input

the parameters used for modeling should be provided. The air quality contours may be

plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation, sensitive

receptors, if any. The wind roses should also be shown on this map.

14. Quantity of fuel required, its source and transportation. Fuel analysis to be provided

(sulphur, ash content and heavy metals including Pb, Cr, As and Hg). A confirmed fuel

linkage should be provided.

15. Specific details of (i) Details of the utilities required (ii) Flue gas emission rate from each

utility (iii) Air Pollution Control Measures proposed to each of the utility along with its

adequacy.

16. The ESPs have been to be get redesigned to achieve outlet dust concentration of 50

mg/Nm3with full load capacity instead of 100 mg/Nm3. Technical details of ESP along

with its adequacy, details of its operational controls with DCS, system for online

monitoring of the pollutants from the stack etc. Details of provisions to be kept in ESP to

ensure that in any case the air emission does not cross the GPCB norms including

provision of standby field in the ESP, preventive maintenance, failure / tripping control

system, guarantee from the ESP supplier, alternative arrangements in case of the failure

/ tripping of the ESP etc.

17. List of all the sources of fugitive emission. Detailed plan for prevention and control of

fugitive emission / dusting at each and every stage of fuel handling including unloading /

loading at port, transportation from port to plant, unloading / loading / stacking /

conveyance / transfer at plant etc. Detailed specifications and schematic diagram of

water sprinkling system including number of sprinklers to be installed, pipe diameter and

nozzle diameter of the sprinklers, quantity of water to be consumed by sprinklers etc.

18. Impact of the project on local infrastructure of the area such as on road network due to

transportation of fuel, ash etc. Proposal to construct @ 1 Km long asphalted road for

approach to the factory. and whether any additional infrastructure would need to be

constructed and the agency responsible for the same with time frame.

19. Details of flora and fauna duly authenticated should be provided. In case of any

scheduled fauna, conservation plan should be provided.

20. Details of management of the hazardous wastes to be generated from the project stating

detail of storage area for each type of waste, its handling, its utilization and disposal etc.

How the manual handling of the hazardous wastes will be minimized.

21. Detailed plan of ash evacuation, handling and utilization should be provided.

Undertaking stating that ash pond shall not be constructed and it shall be stored in

closed silos only should be incorporated.

22. Copy of membership certificate of Common Environmental Infrastructure like TSDF, if

any taken, should be incorporated. Copies of MOU / agreements done with actual

consumers regarding utilization of fly ash, bottom ash etc. should also be incorporated.

23. Details of measures proposed for the noise pollution abatement and its monitoring.

24. A detailed EMP including the protection and mitigation measures for impact on human

health and environment as well as detailed monitoring plan and environmental

management cell proposed for implementation and monitoring of EMP. The EMP should

also include the concept of waste-minimisation, recycle/reuse/recover techniques,

energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. Total capital cost and recurring

cost/annum earmarked for environment pollution control measures.

25. Occupational health impacts on the workers and mitigation measures proposed to avoid

the human health hazards along with the personal protective equipment to be provided

to the workers. Provision of industrial hygienist and monitoring of the occupational injury

to workers as well as impact on the workers. Plan for periodic medical check up of the

workers exposed. Details of work zone ambient air quality monitoring plan as per

Gujarat Factories Rules.

26. Risk assessment including prediction of the worst-case scenario and maximum credible

accident scenario related to fire and explosion issues due to storage and use of fuel

should be carried out. The worst-case scenario should take into account the maximum

inventory of storage at site at any point in time. The risk contours should be plotted on

the plant layout map clearly showing which of the activities would be affected in case of

an accident taking place. Based on the same, proposed safeguard measures including

On-Site / Off-Site emergency plan should be provided. Measures to guard against fire

hazards including details of automatic fire detection and control system & detailed fire

control plan showing hydrant pipeline network, provision of DG Sets, fire pumps, jockey

pump, toxic gas detectors etc. should also be provided.

27. Submit checklist in the form of Do's & Don'ts of preventive maintenance, strengthening

of HSE, manufacturing utility staff for safety related measures.

28. Detailed five year greenbelt development program including annual budget, types &

number of trees to be planted, area under green belt development [with map], budgetary

outlay; along with commitment of the management to carry out the tree plantation

activities outside the premises at appropriate places in the nearby areas and elsewhere.

29. Proposal for socio-economic development activities including community welfare

program most useful in the project area for the overall improvement of the environment.

Submit a detailed plan for social corporate responsibilities, with appropriate budgetary

provisions for the next five years and activities proposed to be carried out; specific to the

current demographic status of the area.

30. A tabular chart for the issues raised and addressed during public hearing/consultation

and commitment of the project proponent on the same should be provided. An action

plan to address the issues raised during public hearing and the necessary allocation of

funds for the same should be provided.

31. Details of scheme for surface as well as roof top rain water harvesting and ground water

recharge should be included.

32. Plan for compliance of the CREP guidelines for the proposed power plant.

33. Point wise compliance of the specific and general conditions stipulated in the Consent to

Establish order issued by the GPCB for the sugar refinery.

34. Any litigation pending against the project and / or any direction / order passed by any

Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof.

These additional TORs should be considered for the preparation of the draft EIA report in

addition to all the relevant information as per the generic structure of EIA given in Appendix III in

the EIA Notification, 2006. The draft EIA report shall be submitted to the Gujarat Pollution

Control Board for conducting the public consultation process as per the provisions of the EIA

Notification, 2006. The project shall be appraised on receipt of the final EIA report.

Draft EIA Report M/s Shree Renuka Sugar Ltd.

Royal Environment Auditing & Consultancy Service Page |TOR.1

COMPLIANCE OF TOR

TOR Point No. Reference Documents Page no.

1 Chapter 2 point no. 2.2 Chapter 3 point no. 3.1.1

Page No. 2.1 Page No. 3.2

2 Chapter 3 Point no. 3.1.1 Figure 3.1

Page No. 3.2 Page No. 3.3

3 Annexure- A Copy of NOC issued by GPCB

---

4 Annexure –C Layout plan of Company

---

5 Chapter 2 Page no. 2.1 to 2.18

6

Source of water supply will be company’s own Desalination plant having capacity of 5000 KLD. The company has applied for 1.5-2 MLD water permission from GWIL .

7 Chapter 2 point no. 2.4.5.3 (ii) Page no. 2.5

8 Chapter 2 point no. 2.5.2 Page No. 2.12, 2.13,2.14

9 Chapter 2 point no. 2.5.2.2 Page No. 2.15, 2.16 10 Chapter 2 Point no. 2.4.5.3 (ii) Page No. 2.6 11 Chapter 3, point 3.3.2 Page no. 3.14 to 3.19 12 Chapter 3, Point 3.4 Page no. 3.20 to 3.24 13 Chapter 3, point 3.5 Page no. 3.25 to 3.30 14 Chapter2, point 2.4.5.2 Page no. 2.4 15 Chapter 5, Point no. 5.1(B) Page no. 5.2 16 Chapter 6, Point no. 6.5.4 Page no. 6.23

17 Chapter 5 , Point no. 5.1 A & B Chapter 4 , Point no. 4.2, 4.3

Page no. 5.1, 5.2 Page no. 4.4, 4.5, 4.7,4.8

18 Chapter 7, Point no. 7.2 Page no. 7.1 19 Chapter 3 , Point no. 3.7 Page no. 3.35 to 3.61 20 Chapter 4, Point no. 4.3.4 Page no. 4.10, 4.11

21 Chapter 5, Point no. 5.5 Annexure 2.3

Page no. 5.5 to 5.7

22

Company will apply for membership of TSDF it and will done agreement with consumers regarding flyash, bottom ash, used oil and waste oil after getting NOC from GPCB.

N.A.


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23 Chapter 5 point no. 5.10.4 & Table no. 5.10

Page no. 5.10, 5.11

24 Chapter 5 Page no. 5.1 to 5.11 25 Chapter 5 Page no. 5.1 to 5.11

26 Chapter 6. point no. 6.4 Point no. 6.9

Page no. 6.14 to 6.21 Page no. 6.30 to 6.35

27 Chapter 5, Point no. 5.10.5 Page No. 5.12 28 Chapter 5, Point no. 5.8 Page no. 5.7 , 5.8 29 Chapter 7 Page no. 7.1, &7.2 30 Will be added after public hearing. N.A.

31 Chapter 8 Page no. from 8.1 to 8.30

32 All the CREP guidelines will be followed by the company.

-------

33 Annexure B- compliance of NOC 34 No

INDEX

Sr. No. Description Page no. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY

1.1 Introduction of the company 1.1 1.2 Location of the project 1.1 1.3 Scope of the study 1.2 1.3.1 Project Description 1.2 1.3.2 Description of Environment 1.2 1.3.3 Meteorology 1.3 1.3.4 Air quality 1.3 1.3.5 Water quality 1.3 1.3.6 Soil quality 1.3 1.3.7 Noise 1.3 1.3.8 Environmental Monitoring Programme 1.3 1.3.9 Project Benefit 1.4 1.3.10 Environment Management Plan 1.4 1.3.11 Risk Assessment 1.4

CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Purpose of the project 2.1 2.2 Location & silent features of the project 2.1 2.3 Proposed schedule for approval and

implementation 2.2

2.4 Analysis of alternative for site and technology 2.2 2.4.1 Site alternative 2.3 2.4.2 Technology Alternative 2.3 2.4.3 Brief Project Details 2.3 2.4.4 Details of Project Facilities 2.4 2.4.5 Description of Proposed power plant 2.4 2.4.5.1 Capacity 2.4 2.4.5.2 Fuel Details for proposed power plant 2.5 2.4.5.3 Process Detail 2.9 2.4.5.4 List of equipments and its capacity 2.10 2.5 Sources of pollution and control measures 2.10 2.5.1 Air pollution & Control Measures 2.10 2.5.1.1 Sources of Air pollution 2.12 2.5.1.2. Air pollution control measures 2.12 2.5.2 Water pollution & Control Measures 2.12 2.5.2.1 Sources of Waste water generation 2.12 2.5.2.2 Water pollution control measures 2.14

2.5.3 Solid waste Management 2.17 2.5.3.1 Solid waste generation 2.17 2.5.3.2 Solid Waste disposal 2.17 2.5.4 Noise pollution & control Measures 2.18

CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.0 Site & Surrounding area 3.1 3.1 Land Use 3.1 3.1.1 Land use classification based on satellite

imaginary 3.2

3.1.2 Land Use classification based on census Data 2001

3.3

3.2 Demography and Socio- Economics 3.6 3.2.1 Demographic profile of the study area 3.6 3.2.1.1 House holds/ Occupied residential houses and

total population 3.6

3.2.1.2 Sex Ratio 3.7 3.2.1.3 Scheduled castes and schedule tribes 3.7 3.2.1.4 Literacy 3.7 3.2.2 Socio Economic Profile of the study area 3.7 3.2.2.1 Distribution of work participation rate 3.7 3.2.3 Availability of Infrastructure facilities and

Amenities 3.10

3.3 Meteorology & Climatology 3.13 3.3.1 Past Records 3.13 3.3.1.1 Data Collected 3.13 3.3.1.2 Analysis of climatologically Data 3.14 3.3.1.3 Rainfall 3.14 3.3.1.4 Temperature 3.14 3.3.2 On-site meteorology 3.15 3.3.2.1 Wind Speed and Direction 3.19 3.3.2.2 Temperature 3.19 3.3.2.3 Relative Humidity 3.20 3.3.2.4 Rain Fall 3.20 3.4 Ambient Air Quality 3.20 3.4.1 Methodology Adopted for the study 3.20 3.4.2 Criteria for selection of monitoring Locations 3.20 3.4.3 Frequency and parameter for monitoring 3.21 3.4.4 Details of the monitoring locations 3.21 3.4.5 Instrument used for sampling 3.21 3.4.6 Method for sampling and analytical Technique 3.22 3.4.7 Presentation of result 3.22 3.4.8 Observation based on Monitoring Data 3.23

3.4.8.1 Suspended Particulate Matter(PM10) 3.23 3.4.8.2 Suspended Particulate Matter(PM2.5) 3.23 3.4.8.3 Sulfur Dioxide 3.23 3.4.8.4 Oxide of Nitrogen 3.23 3.4.9 Conclusion 3.24 3.5 Air modeling 3.25 3.5.1 Details of Process stack 3.25 3.5.2 Assessment of Impact based on ISCST3 model 3.25 3.5.3 Model Input 3.26 3.5.4 Presentation of Result 3.26 3.5.5 Meteorological data input 3.26 3.6 Land Environment 3.27 3.6.1 Topography of the study Area 3.31 3.6.2 Baseline Data for soil 3.31 3.6.3 Methodology 3.32 3.6.4 Physical Characteristics 3.33 3.6.5 Conclusion 3.33 3.7 Biological Environment 3.35 3.7.1 Terrstrial Environment 3.35 3.7.2 Period of the study and area 3.35 3.7.3 Methodology 3.35 3.7.4 Terrestrial floral and faunal components of the

study area 3.35

3.7.5 Floral Diversity of the study area 3.37 3.7.5.1 Trees 3.38 3.7.5.2 Shrubs 3.38 3.7.5.3 Herbs 3.40 3.7.5.4 Climbers and Twiners 3.41 3.7.6 Cultivated Plants in the study area 3.42 3.7.6.1 Major Crops 3.42 3.7.6.2 Minor Crops 3.42 3.7.6.3 Pulses 3.42 3.7.6.4 Vegetables 3.43 3.7.7 Horticultural practices and fruits grown 3.43 3.7.8 Medicinal Plants of the study area 3.43 3.7.9 Ethanobotaniclal important plants and

practices prevailing in the area 3.47

3.7.10 Endemic Plants of the study area 3.48 3.7.11 Faunal biodiversity of the study area 3.48 3.7.12 Birds of the study area 3.49 3.7.13 Endemic Fauna of the study area 3.55 3.7.14 Migratory birds as winter visitors in the study 3.56

area 3.7.15 Status of the forest, their category in the study

area 3.56

3.7.16 Recommended plants for green belt development

3.56

3.7.16.1 Selection of plants for green belts 3.57 3.7.16.2 Plantation along road sides 3.57 3.7.17 Impact on flora and fauna in the region due to

the project activities 3.59

3.8 Water Environment 3.61 3.8.1 Methodology for Water quality Monitoring 3.62 3.8.2 Details of analysis method and instrument used 3.63 3.8.3 Physico-chemical Characteristics 3.64 3.8.4 Conclusion 3.65 3.9 Noise Environment 3.66 3.9.1 Methodology for Noise Environment 3.66 3.9.2 Noise Level 3.67 3.9.3 Conclusion 3.68

CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONEMNTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Impact & Measures 4.1 4.2 Mitigation measures during construction phase 4.4 4.2.1 Air Environment 4.4 4.2.2 Noise Environment 4.5 4.2.3 Water Environment 4.5 4.2.4 Land Environment 4.5 4.2.5 Biological Environment 4.6 4.2.6 Impact on Health & Safety 4.6 4.2.7 Risk and Safety 4.6 4.2.8 Socio- Economic Environment 4.6 4.3 Mitigation measures during operation &

Maintenance 4.7

4.3.1 Air Environment 4.7 4.3.2 Noise Environment 4.9 4.3.3 Water Environment 4.9 4.3.4 Land pollution by handling of Hazardous/solid

waste 4.10

4.3.5 Socio-Economic Environment 4.11 4.3.6 Bio- Ecological Environment 4.11

CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.1 Air Environment 5.1 5.2 Water Environment 5.3

5.3 Noise Environment 5.3 5.4 Solid Waste 5.4 5.5 Fly Ash Management Plan 5.5 5.5.1 Action plan for fly ash disposal 5.6 5.6 Rain water harvesting scheme 5.6 5.7 Socio Economic Development 5.7 5.8 Green belt development 5.7 5.9 Environment Management Cell 5.8 5.10 Environmental Monitoring during operation

phase 5.10

5.10.1 Ambient Air monitoring 5.10 5.10.2 Stack Monitoring 5.10 5.10.3 Water quality Monitoring 5.10 5.10.4 Noise Monitoring 5.10 5.10.5 Do’s & Don’ts 5.12

CHAPTER 6 RISK ASSESSMENT 6.1 Executive summary 6.2 6.2 Introduction 6.3 6.3 Process Description 6.5 6.4 Risk Analysis due to storage/handling of coal 6.14 6.5 Risk analysis for the boiler 6.22 6.6 Risk analysis for steam turbine generator set 6.25 6.7 Risk analysis for Ash handling system 6.27 6.8 Risk analysis for Air pollution control

measures 6.28

6.9 Proposed fire fighting system. 6.30 CHAPTER 7 PROJECT BENEFITS

7.1 Improvement to full fill the sugar Deficit in Country

7.1

7.2 Improvement in Infrastructure 7.1 7.3 Employment Potential 7.2

CHAPTER 8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING PLAN 8.1 Introduction 8.1 8.2 Need for Artificial Recharge Project 8.2 8.3 Basic Requirement for Artificial Recharge

Project 8.3

8.4 Main Consideration for selection of Recharge Structure

8.4

8.4.1 Proposed Recharge structure in plant Area 8.5 8.4.1.1 Roof top Rain Water Harvesting 8.5 8.4.1.1.1 Raw Sugar Warehouse 8.6 8.4.1.1.2 General Store 8.15

8.4.1.1.3 White Sugar Warehouse 8.17 8.4.1.1.4 Future White sugar Warehouse 8.23 8.4.1.1.5 Contour Bunds in open Area 8.27 8.5 Total Rain Water Harvesting 8.29

LIST OF ANNEXURE Annexure Description Page no.

2.1 Process flow diagram 1 2.2 Process flow diagram of Coal handling System 2 2.3 Process flow diagram of Ash Handling system 3 6.1 Fire Water Network Diagram 4

6.2 Layout plan of Factory Premises Showing Unobstructed Open Path For Easy Movement Of Emergency Vehicle

5

A Copy of NOC A B Compliance of NOC B C Layout Plan of Company C Executive Summary (English) ESE.1 Executive Summary (Gujarati) ESG.1

LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Description Page No. 1.1 Location map 1.5 1.2 Satellite Imaginary Map 1.6 3.1 Base Map for 10 KM radius from project site. 3.3 3.2 Land use classification Area Ta. Gandhidham 3.5 3.3 Land use classification Area Village: Bharapar 3.6 3.4 Total population for village Bharapar 3.7 3.5 Total population for Ta: Gandhidham 3.7

3.6 & 3.7

Distribution of work Participation rate for Ta: Gandhidham

3.9

3.8 Windrose Diagram 3.18 3.9 Windrose Diagram 3.19 3.10 Isoplethe for SPM 3.28 3.11 Isoplethe For Sox 3.29 3.12 Isoplethe for Nox 3.30 8.1 Recharge System for Raw Warehouse Segment I 8.8 8.2 Recharge System for Raw Warehouse Segment II 8.10 8.3 Recharge System for Raw Warehouse Segment

III 8.12

8.4 Recharge System for Raw Warehouse Segment IV

8.14

8.5 Recharge System for General Store 8.16 8.6 Recharge System for White Sugar Warehouse

No. I 8.18

8.7 Recharge System for White Sugar Warehouse No. II

8.20

8.8 Recharge System for White Sugar Warehouse No. III

8.22

8.9 Recharge System for Future White Sugar Warehouse No. I

8.24

8.10 Recharge System for Future White Sugar Warehouse No. II

8.26

8.11 Contour Bund with Recharge Trench 8.29

LIST OF TABLES

Sr. No. Description Page No. 3.1 Land use Statistic of Renuka Sugar Industries (10

km radius) based on satellite imaginary 3.2

3.2 Land use classification Area of Ta. Gandhidham Based on Census 2001

3.5

3.3 Land Use classification Area of Village: Bharapar based on Cencus 2001

3.5

3.4 Distribution of work Participation Rate 3.9 3.5 Medical Facilities 3.11 3.6 Postal facilities 3.12 3.7 Salient Climatologically Features of Bhuj 3.14 3.8 Meteorological Data For March-10 3.15 3.9 Meteorological Data For April-10 3.16 3.10 Meteorological Data For May-10 3.17 3.11 Ambient Air monitoring Locations 3.21 3.12 Ambient Air quality Monitoring Results 3.22 3.13 NAAQ standard 3.25 3.14 Soil samples locations 3.32 3.15 Methodology for soil testing 3.33 3.16 Physical Characteristics of soil 3.34 3.17 List of villages covered under present baseline

study 3.36

3.18 Trees in the study area 3.38 3.19 Shrubs in the study area 3.40 3.20 List of Hebaceous species observed in study area 3.41 3.21 List of Climers observed in study area 3.42 3.22 Medicinal plants in study area and their medicinal

uses 3.43

3.23 Threatened and near Threatened birds of the study area

3.49

3.24 List of birds in the study area with its distribution and migratory status

3.50

3.25 Butterflies in the study area 3.54 3.26 Reptiles in the study area 3.54 3.27 Wild mammals in core zone 3.55 3.28 Mammals in the buffer zone 3.55 3.29 Migratory birds as winter visitors in the study

area 3.56

3.30 Recommended Plant species for green belt 3.58

development 3.31 Location of water samples 3.62 3.32 Analysis method and instrument used for water

testing 3.63

3.33 Physico chemical Characteristics 3.65 3.34 Noise monitoring Locations 3.67 3.35 Noise level 3.67 4.1 Identification of construction activities and

Probable impact 4.2

4.2 Identification of operation and maintenance activities and probable impact

4.4


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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY

1.1 SHREE RENUKA SUGARS LIMITED (SRSL)

• The company was founded by Mr. Narendra Murkumbi and Mrs. Vidhya

Murkumbi in 1998, not just dreamers but doers in their own right.

• The combination of doers and dreamers produced enriching results: Over the

last decade, the company has emerged among the most exciting proxies of

conventional Indian Industry; the company is one of the largest and fastest

growing sugar industries in India.

• SRSL has its corporate office in Mumbai and headquarter in Belgaum

(Karnataka). Its crane crushing operations are located in Karnataka and in

Maharashtra (Munoli, Athani, Havalgah & Gokak sugars in Karnataka and

Ratnaprabha sugars in Maharashtra).

• It also operate three leased facilities at Arag (Maharashtra), Aland & Raibag

(Karnataka).

• The company posses India’s largest sugar refining capacity (4000 Tons per

day) across the two integrated refineries ( 1000 TPD each at Munoli and

Athani) and port based refinery in Haldia (2000 TPD).

• Acquisition of majority stack in KBK –Chem. Engineering Pvt. Ltd facilities

turnkey distillery, ethanol and bio-fuel plant solution. SRSL has acquired 100

KLPD distilleries from Petrochem (Khopli, Maharashtra) that converts rectify

spirit into ethanol and increased its production capacity to 300 TPD.

1.2 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

The location of proposed project is at survey no.,

230/1,225/2,223/2,226/1,225/1,231/2,231/3,228/1,228/2,229/1,214, Village:

Bharapar, Ta. Gandhidham, Dist. Kutch (Refer Figure 1 and 2) Located At

Latitude 23° 0'51.70"N & On Longitude 70° 5'29.70"E in Eastern Gujarat.



1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In order to identify the environmental impacts due to proposed 45 MW coal

based power plant & to draw a suitable environmental management plan to

mitigate adverse impacts, if any, an Environmental Impact Assessment study

has been undertaken.

The satellite picture of the location is shown in Figure – 1.

M/s. Shree Renuka Sugar Ltd. (SRSL) has retained M/s. Royal Environment

Auditing & Consultancy Services, Rajkot to carry out Environmental Impact

Assessment for 45 MW coal based power plant at village Bharapar, Ta.

Gandhidham, Dist. Kutch.

The EIA Study covers baseline data generation, predictions and evaluation of

impact on various environmental components and formulation of

Environmental Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan. The Scope

of the EIA Study is briefly described in the following sections.

1.3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This includes a concise description of Existing process which is likely to affect

environment. It includes Type of Project, Need for the Project (based on

demand supply position), Location Details, Magnitude of Operation, Proposed

Schedule for Approval and Implementation, Project Description (Layout,

Components etc.), Mitigation Measures to meet environmental standards,

environmental operating conditions etc., presented in Chapter 2.0.

1.3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The baseline environmental scenario has been established through primary

data generated in the study area and secondary data available at site/ published

in literature. The field monitoring started in first week of March, 2010 and

completed on last week of May-2010.

The EIA Report is based on primary data collected during March-2010 to

May-2010 for meteorology, air quality, and noise and secondary data (for the

relevant disciplines). The baseline environmental scenario has been presented

in Chapter 3.0 and methodologies adopted under various disciplines are briefly

described in following sections.



1.3.3 METEOROLOGY

On site meteorological data was generated during the study period from

March-2010 to May-2010.

1.3.4 AIR QUALITY

Ambient Air Quality has been characterized with respect to PM2.5, PM10,

SO2, NOx by field monitoring at six locations within 10 KM radius.

At each location, 24 hour sampling was undertaken twice a week. The data

was analyzed for maximum, minimum and average and compared with

National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

1.3.5 WATER QUALITY

Water samples are taken from six locations within 10 KM radius. The water

quality has been characterized with respect to color, pH, TDS, turbidity,

conductivity, phosphate, oil & grease, total hardness, total alkanity, sulfate,

chloride, Dissolved oxygen.

1.3.6 SOIL QUALITY

Soils samples are taken from six locations within 10 KM radius. The soil

quality has been characterized with respect to pH, Bulk density, soil texture,

phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulphate, organic matter, moisture content

etc.

1.3.7 NOISE

A noise survey was undertaken at 08 locations within the study area and inside

the plant to assess the background noise levels in different zones.

1.3.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

Based on the finding of impact assessment and recommendation in the EIA an

environmental monitoring programmer has been formulated for M/s Shree

Renuka Sugar Ltd.



The monitoring programmer specifies the locations, parameters,

methodologies and frequency of monitoring for emissions and discharges as

well as ambient environment for the major disciplines. It is included in

Chapter 5.0, i.e. Environmental Monitoring Programme.

1.3.9 PROJECT BENEFITS

� The annual production of sugar in India in current year is expected to be only

around 14.7 – 15 Million tons which is very much below the annual

consumption of India of 22 Million tons.

� To meet this deficit , Govt. of India has allowed to import of Raw Sugar and to

capitalize on this scenario SRSL has decided to expand the sugar refining

capacity and choose this location of future refineries so as to be able to easily

import, process and export sugar.

� Others aspects are summarized in Chapter 6.0.

1.3.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

It includes Environmental Management Plans for Shree Renuka Sugar Ltd

summarized in Chapter no. 7. It includes the description of the institutional

set-up for ensuring that meditative measures are implemented and their

effectiveness monitored, after approval of the EIA.

1.3.10 RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk assessment is carried out with consideration of maximum inventory of

storage at site. It also includes the safety measures like fire detection and

control system & detail control plan showing hydrant pipeline network, fire

pumps, jockey pumps etc.



Figure 1 Location map

fi

Figure 2

Satellite Imaginary Map

Project Site



Figure 1.2

Satellite Imaginary Picture


CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The annual production of sugar in India in current year is expected to be only

around 14.7 – 15 Million tons which is very much below the annual

consumption of India of 20 - 22 Million tons. In next two years also the

production is expected to be very much lower than the local demand for it .To

meet this deficit Govt. of India has allowed import of Raw Sugar and to

capitalize on this scenario SRSL has decided to expand the sugar refining

capacity and choose location of future refineries so as to be able to easily

import, process and export sugar.

To fulfill the process steam & power requirement for Sugar refinery, the

company has proposed to set up 45 MW power plant.

2.2 LOCATION & SILENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

Location of Project Survey no. 230/1,225/2,223/2,226/1,225/1,231/2,231/3,228/1,228/2,229/1,214 , Village: Bharapar, Ta. Gandhidham, Dist. Kutch

Capacity 45 MW Coal Based Power plant Capital Investment 160 Cr Total Land Area For Power plant 56340 m3

For Green Belt Development 55000 m2 Source of Water Company’s Own Desalination Plant (capacity: 5000 KLD) Nearest river None within 10 km radius Nearest Industries Sal steels Ltd & Shaifali Rolls Ltd National Park/ Sanctuary

Within 10 KM radius of proposed project there is no notified wildlife sanctuary/parks or any such ecologically sensitive area or reserved forest area.

Nearest Railway station

Gandhidham ~10 km

Nearest High Way National High way no. 8A ~10 km Nearest Port Mundra Port (~25 km)/ Kandla (~40km) Nearest Air port Gandhidham Air port ~ 10 km


2.3 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND

IMPLEMENTATION

The zero date of the project is reckoned from the date of grant of “Consent to

Establish” (NOC) by the GPCB. The proposed expansion project will be

commissioned within 12 to 18 months from the date of grant of “Consent to

Establish” (NOC) from GPCB & Environmental Clearance from Department

of Environment and Forest, Gandhinagar.

The company has already got “Consent to Establish” (NOC) from GPCB for

sugar refinery vide up to NOC order no. GPCB/CCA/Kutch-736/id

25015/42596 dated 25th Jan-2010.

2.4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE FOR SITE AND TECHNOLOGY

Shree Renuka Sugars Limit is proposed to set up 45 MW power plant at

village Bharapar, Ta. Gandhidham and Dist. Kutch.

Analysis of alternative based on site and technology is given below.

2.4.1 SITE ALTERNATIVE

To set up sugar refinery is a site specific project and it is not possible to

choose alternative site due to restriction of raw materials like raw sugar,

imported coal and port facilities.

Considering all the factors, the site has been identified as the preferred site

amongst the other port sites of Gujarat namely; Mundra, Veraval, Pipavav

Kandla Ports etc.

Factors which have weighed in favor of the site are briefly as follows: -

• Mundra Port/Kandla port is large enough to receive Panamax vessels

with adequate draft of 18 meters.

• Reliability and availability of utilities like water, fuel, electricity, etc.

• Possible to supply sea water and returning to sea.

• Excellent existing infrastructure.

• Sufficient conveyor space available from Jetty to loaders

• Transport convenience being on the existing Kandla-Ahmadabad

highway


• Nearby container terminal at Mundra /Kandla provides competitive

edge for export of refined sugar

• Project Site is free from intense weather conditions, i.e. rain, snow,

hurricanes and allows year round shipping activity.

• The Site has been selected as the best site for the establishment of

Sugar Refinery.

• Availability of land for sugar refinery and 45 MW power plant.

• Absence of any irrigation canal or drainage channel within a selected

area.

• There is no displacement

• No Ecological sensitive placed within 10 KM radius

• Availability of Mundra port located at a distance of 25 km and kandla

port at distance of 40 km for finished product transportation and

receipt of raw material & fuel.

• Availability of workers in nearby areas.

2.4.2 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE

• Technical concept and equipment sizing has been finalized based on

determinates and industry norms for Coal based power plant.

Emphasis has been given on optimum layout, energy efficient and

environment friendly modern power plant considering all project

aspects.

• The laboratory is equipped for testing of raw materials, fuel and

sample preparation as well as chemical and physical testing.

2.4.3 BRIEF PROJECT DETAILS

Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd is proposed to established sugar refinery (3000

TPD) and to fulfill the requirement of Power and steam for this sugar refinery,

the company is proposed to set up 45 MW Coal based power plant at Village.

Bharapar, Ta. Gandhidham, Dist. Kutch.


2.4.4 DETAILS OF PROJECT FACILITIES

Area for power plant : 56340 M2

Area of Green Belt : 55000 M2

Plant Capacity : 45 MW Coal Based Power Plant

2.4.5 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED POWER PLANT.

2.4.5.1 CAPACITY

The capacity of Power plant is 45 MW (1 no. 30 MW Extraction cum

Condensing TG set and 1 no. 15 MW Back pressures T G sets).

2.4.5.2 FUEL DETAILS FOR PROPOSED POWER PLANT.

Details of present and proposed raw materials consumption is given below;

Sr. No. Type of Fuel Quantity

(Tons/Hr.)

1. Imported Coal 21.822

Transportation:

It is expected that the coal supplied to the proposed power plant will be from

Indonesia Coal fields and will have properties equal to or superior to the India

coal. From the Port the coal will be transported in trucks to the site.

The coal used for the process will have the below mention quality

Sr. No. Parameter Imported Coal

Approximate Analysis 1 Total Moisture 33 2 Inherent Moisture 15% 3 Ash 6% 4 Volatile Matter 40% 5 Fixed Carbon 41% 6 Sulfur 0.7-1% 7 GCV 5400 Kcal/kg


Sr. No. Parameter Imported Coal Ultimate Analysis

1. Carbon 53% 2 Hydrogen 3.97 3 Nitrogen 0.92 4 Oxygen 3.57

2.4.5.3 Process Details: (Refer Annexure-2.1)

i) Steam Boiler

Steam is generated in the two nos. of Atmospheric Fluidized Bed boiler of 70

TPH at a pressure of 86 Kg/cm2g by using Indian as well as imported coal as

fuel & water from RO plant where raw water will be treated in the water

treatment plant as per the flow sheet enclosed. Treated water require

parameter suitable for high pressure boiler for the generation of steam. Coal

from Coal yard conveyed to coal crusher plant to make it to size below 6mm

.Crushed coal conveyed to bunkers & from bunker feed to boiler through

spreaders uniformly on fluidized bed for combustion & subsequently

generation of steam. Flue gas generated will go through APCD that is ESP(2

Nos.) & finally escaped to air through 105 Mtr. Height common RCC

chimney with clear top diameter suitable for two number 70 TPH and one

number 110 TPH Boiler (Future) with permitted emission level up to 50

mg/nm3.

During operation 0.15 TPH bed ash & 0.5 TPH Fly ash from each boiler is

generated. The Coal Ash is highly demanding in cement factories and Ash

Brick making Industries.

The boiler completely control by DCS System for safe operation. The controls

envisaged in the boiler are three element drum level controls, Deaerator level

control, combustion control, safety valve etc.

ii) Fuel and Water Requirement

Two nos. boiler of 70 T/hr, 86 kg/cm2 g 520 +_5degreeC will use Imported

coal of 21822 kg/hr as fuel for both the boiler and raw water around 600 cu.

M per day.


Required water for domestic and industrial purposes shall be obtained from

the Desalination plant.

Ground water or any other surface water will not be utilized for any

construction or industrial purposes. The company will get the permission of 2

MLD from Govt. of Gujarat water supply Dept. for construction of plant & in

future for plant operation.

The company will set up its own desalination plant with capacity of 5000

KLD sweet water.

In power plant; water will be used for steam generation and cooling purpose.

The details of water and wastewater generation are as follows in Water

Balance Diagram.

Waste Water Consumption

Details Water Consumption

(M3/day)

i) Industrial

Cycle Make Up 240

Cooling Tower Make Up 288

Misc. Purpose 72

ii) Domestic

20

Total 620 M3/day

Waste Water Generation

Details Water Consumption

(M3/day)

i) Industrial

Cooling Water blow down 100

RO reject 50

Boiler Blow down 350

ii) Domestic

10

Total 510 M3/day


iii) Steam and Condensate

For feed water to the boilers, it is proposed to use straight condensate from

exhaust steam used in process ensure good quality of feed water. The

delivery line of the pump of condensate from refinery is to be provided with

conductivity meter to ensure that feed water is not mixed up with any sugar

& other harmful chemical and in case it is mixed, the condensate is

immediately stopped automatically on getting the alarm/signal. The make-

up water from RO plant and extracted condensate from the air cooled

condenser of TG set will be sent to feed water tank / de-aerator and this will

ensure almost no loss of condensate from the condensate pit of turbine

condenser.

The feed water will be pumped to de-aerator to be located near the boiler

area. One make up water storage tank and one feed water tank to be

provided to ensure that there is enough good quality water available and

boiler does not suffer due to starvation of water.

Make up water is required for shortages due to plant start up, brake down

and this will be meet through RO plant and sent to feed water system.

Raw water for cycle makeup 10 m3/hr,Raw water for cooling Tower makeup

12 m3/hr and Raw water for miscellaneous Purpose 3 m3/hr.

iv) Grid Inter Connection for Export

Power generation for the proposed TG set is planned at 11.0 KV and

exportable power has to be stepped up to 66 KV from 11.0 KV generator

transformer to be located in switchyard within the cogeneration complex and

then to be synchronized with the grid. The grid synchronization will be

done at GETCO Ltd 66KV Substation.

For operating cogen plant, a portion of power will be stepped down to

11.0 KV/415 Volts for running of sugar refinery and auxiliaries etc. For this

suitable transformers are to be installed at various convenient locations at

the cogen plant area.


v) Coal Handling System (Refer Annexure-2.2)

It is expected that the coal supplied to the proposed power plant will be from

Indonesia Coal fields. From the Port the coal will be transported in trucks to

the site.

• Coal storage – Coal needs to be stored in proper procedure to avoid

it’s self combustion for the same purpose the coal heap height is to be

maintained as per the standard practices.

• Manual crushing – It is required for the maintain the required inlet

size of coal to crusher, for which is arrangement of gizzly hopper is

given. After maintaining the required size it is feed to coal conveying

system through the coal feeders.

• Primary coal screening – In this process the coal of required size is

get separated through screen & conveyed directly to boiler bunker, i.e.

bypassing the coal crusher & it saves the power.

• Coal crushing – The rejected size coal from primary screen is taken

into the impact type coal crusher for its further preparation to upto the

size ≤ 6 mm.

• Secondary coal screen –The crushed coal from the coal crusher is

feed to secondary screen from where the accepted size coal conveyed

to boiler bunker & the oversized coal send back to primary screen

inlet conveyor through the bucket elevator,to complete the cycle.

• Coal storage at boiler bunker –After size preparation the coal is get

conveyed to bunker by coal conveyor & stored for boiler operation.

The capacity of bunker is 220MT.

• All conveying system is provided with ZSS as well as emergency pull

cord switch.

vi) Ash Handling (Refer Annexure-2.3)

The ash handling system envisages wet extraction and disposal of bottom

ash & dry extraction for fly ash. The fly ash shall be extracted in Wet form


from the electrostatic precipitator hoppers and transported to storage silo as a

measure for promoting fly ash utilization.

• Wet bottom ash handling system - The bottom headers of the

pulverized fuel fired boiler will be at 4m above ground level to

facilitate incorporation of the Wet bottom ash handling system. The

system shall include water immersed chain conveyor, clinker grinder

and suitable conveying system up to bottom ash silo. Ash in silo will

be unloaded to trucks for further disposal.

• Fly Ash Handling - Fly ash resulting from the combustion of coal in

the boiler gets collected in economizer hopper, air heater hopper, ESP

hoppers etc. The ash shall be evacuated to fly ash silo through dense

phase system. From fly ash silo, ash can be transported through trucks.

Fly ash silo will have provision for 30 days storage. Necessary

fluidizing arrangements, downward unloading chute, ash conditioning

arrangements shall be provided in ash silo.

2.4.5.4 LIST OF EQUIPMENTS AND ITS CAPACITY

Sr. No. NAME OF EQUIPMENT CAPACITY & OTHER DETAIL

1. Boiler & Auxiliaries 2 x 70 TPH, coal fired

1 x 110 TPH coal fired

2. TG and Auxiliaries

1 x 30 MW extraction cum condensing TG

set

1 x 15 MW back pressure TG set

3. Air cooled Condenser One no Air cooled condenser & auxiliaries

to condense 93.27 TPH steam.

4. EOT Crane 1 x 30/5 MT Electrically operated double

grinder crane

5. Aux. Cooling Tower FRP Counter flow with RCC basin with

Capacity 600 m3/hr

6. Water Treatment Plant 12 M3/hr membrane based water treatment

plant.

7. Fuel Handling system 110 TPH coal handling system with

necessary crusher, screens, conveyors etc.


2.5 SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND CONTROL MEASURES

2.5.1 AIR POLLUTION

2.5.1.1 SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

Fugitive Emission

The fugitive dust emissions from the proposed coal handling system would be

significant and the sources will be as under:

1. Coal Crusher

2. Stock House

3. loading/Unloading of coal

4. Transportation of coal through vehicles

5. Transfer of product through belt conveyor

Sr.

No. Detail of Stack

Stack

Diameter(m)

Stack

Height(m)*

Air Pollution

Control

Measure

1 Coal Crusher/Screen

House

0.5 12.5 Bag Filter

2 Coal Injector Building 0.08 11 Bag filter

3 Stock House 0.35 12 Bag filter

4 Intermediate Bin 0.35 11 Bag filter

* Minimum Stack Height at least 2 m above nearest building.

Process Emission

Adequate and efficient measures shall be provided to keep the dust emission

at a bare minimum level. Efficient Collection of dust at sources, their de-

dusting with efficient filters and recycling the dust to process is the prime

objective. Primary dust source shall be the crusher house, screen house, raw

material and product handling in Power plant.

The particulars of most specific individual sources and their pollution control

measures are delineated as follows:


Boiler Stack (Power Plant) Number of Stack 01

Stack attached to Boilers

Height of the Stack & die 105 m & top diameter 3 mtr

Type of fuel used Imported Coal

Air Pollution Control equipment Electrostatic Precipitator

Stack height from GL Adequate stack height provided as per GPCB

norms

Temperature 170-180 Deg C.

Expected Pollutants SPM, SOx, NOx

Electrostatic Precipitators

It is proposed to install high efficiency electrostatic precipitators to limit the

outlet emission to 50 mg/Nm³ while the boiler is operating at its MCR, firing

worst coal having maximum ash content. The electrostatic precipitators will

have four (4) parallel gas streams, isolated from each other on electrical as

well as gas side. Gas tight dampers will be provided at inlets and outlets of

each stream so as to allow Maintenance to be carried out safely on the faulty

stream, while the unit is working.

Electrostatic precipitators will be provided with microprocessor based

programmable type rapper control system and ESP management system to

ensure the safe and optimum operation. Opacity meters shall be provided at

the ESP outlet for performance optimization and for remote indication. ESP

Transformer rectifier sets will use silicon oil as the cooling medium. The dust

collection hoppers below ESP will have a minimum storage capacity of eight

(8) hours while firing worst coal. The hoppers will have heating arrangements

to prevent ash sticking to the sloping sides and down pipes. Level indicators

to indicate and trip the ESP in case of high ash levels in the ash hoppers while

will jeopardize the safety


2.5.1.2 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

To control fugitive emissions, the following measures are proposed.

• Raw materials loading and unloading will be done in the covered area.

• Raw materials will be stored in the covered structure.

• The sprinkling of water will be done along the internal roads in the plant

in order to control the dust.

• All the workers and officers working inside the plant will be provided

with disposable dust masks.

• Green belt will be developed around the plant to arrest the fugitive

emissions.

• Bag filters & Dust Collectors will be cleaned regularly.

• Maintenance of bag filters will be done regularly.

• Closed belt conveyor will be used for transfer of raw material/product.

To control process dust emission the following measures are adopted.

• The vent is attached to the bag filters of adequate height to disperse the air

pollutants to the satisfactory levels.

• The vent will be regularly monitored for PM.

• Bag filters will be cleaned regularly.

2.5.2 WATER POLLUTION & CONTROL MEASURES

2.5.2.1 Source of Waste Water generation

The waste water generation pattern /source of waste water are described

below:

Cooling tower Blow down

In the condenser cooling water, residual chlorine of about 0.2 ppm is normally

maintained at the condenser outlet. This value would not result in any

chemical pollution of the environment since this is a re-circulating system and

the CW blow down is led to waste water treatment plant (WWTP) where due

to further dilution, the free available chlorine would be less than the limit of

0.5 mg / l set by the National Standard.


pH 6.5 - 8.5

Temperature Not more than 5°C higher than the intake

water temp. When measured within 100m

radius from outfall.

iii. Free available chlorine 0.5 mg / liter Parameters.

Max. Limiting Concentration

Boiler Blow Down

The salient characteristics from the point of view of pollution are the pH and

temperature of water. Suspended solids are negligible. The pH will be in the

range of 9.5 to 10.3 and the temperature of water at the outlet of intermittent

blow down tank about 100°C. The boiler blow down is proposed to be led into

WWTP. The quantity of boiler blow down water of the unit is approximately

3%.

Boiler Blow down

Suspended solids 100 mg / liter

Oil and grease 20 mg / liter

Copper (Total) 1.0 mg / liter

Iron (Total) 1.0 mg / liter

Rejects From D.M. Plant/ R.O. plant

The effluent from the regeneration of cation resin units (DM plant) in the

water treatment plant will be generally acidic in nature and that from the

anion resin units alkaline in nature. The waste water from the water treatment

plant would therefore be normally neutral. However provision will be made

for addition of either alkali or acid to control the pH in a neutralizing pit

before disposal. Necessary analytical and control instruments will be provided

to ensure proper neutralization. The neutralized effluent is expected to have

suspended solids less than 5 ppm and pH in the range of 7.5 to 8 and will be

let into the plant waste water disposal system.

The effluent from the Desalination Plant i.e. R.O. plant will be sent to Water

treatment plant. The effluent having high TDS will send back to Sea.


Oil/Water Mixture from Fuel Oil System

The oil/water mixture from the drain trench in the oil unloading area and from

the fuel oil tank farm/pump house are first led into a corrugated plate type

oil/water separator. The water separated from the oil in the separator will be

led into storm water drain. The oil from the oil water separator will be led

back to the fuel oil tank.

Sewage Disposal

Sewage from various buildings in power plant area will be conveyed through

separate drains to septic tanks. The effluent from septic tank will be disposed

in soil by providing dispersion trenches. There will be no ground pollution

because of leaching. Sludge will be removed occasionally and will be

disposed off as land fill at suitable places.

2.5.2.2 Water pollution Control Measures

Waste water is produced in a Power Plant during operation. The waste water

is to be treated suitably to make the properties of effluent suitable for

pumping into the normal drain canal. The waste water is generated from the

following areas Boiler Area Steam Turbine Area,

Floor Washings, DM Plant Area waste consists of regeneration waste, DM

plant drains, chemical unloading area washings etc.

The waste water generated in the plant area will be treated in the waste water

treatment plant to achieve the required parameter limits of effluent as per

stipulations in the Environmental Quality (Sewage & Industrial Effluents)

Regulation issued by Government of Gujarat, prior to discharge. Necessary

sampling and testing instruments are provided to monitor and control the

effluent parameters.

ETP is consists of following main equipments.

• Screen chamber

• Oil & Grease Trap

• Equalization Tank


• pH- adjustment tank

• Settling Tank

• Sludge tank

• Treated Water Tank

• PROCESS DETAILS

The waste from the entire units is identified as mentioned in the technical

details. The streams are treated as per the

requirement with respect to the impurities specified in the parameters.

Stage I

The waste from process and washes estimated as 350 KLD considering

the flow rate 17.5 M3/hr is collected in the EQ-01 through BS

and OGT. This waste is mixed in EQ-01 (Equalization

Tank) through air grid. Further the effluent is pH adjusted in the

neutralization tank CT-01.

Stage II

The pH adjusted waste is pumped to UASB Reactor for the first stage

reduction of COD. The outlet from UASB is processed through ST-01

for settling of solids. The overflow from ST-01 is taken to second stage

of biodegradation.

Stage III

The over flow from ST-01 along with waste from EQ-02 is taken in the

second stage of biodegradation is by SAFF reactor where the BOD

along with COD will reduce due to advanced activated sludge process.

The air blower will supply the required air to the membrane diffusers for

the enhancement of biodegradation. SAFF reactor is designed in two

stages. Nutrients are added as required for the bacterial sustainability.

The outlet of SAFF reactor is passed through ST-02; where the biomass

over flow is settled down. The active biomass is re- circulated


through air lift system.

Stage IV

The overflow from ST-02 is taken to FLOC-01 for chemical flocculation

treatment. The flocculants are added as required for the chemical

precipitation and mixed well through mixer and air grid as required.

The outlet from FLOC-01 is taken to ST-03 for the settlement of all

suspended impurities. The overflow is collected in the supernatant tank

SST-01.

Stage V (Final Treatment)

The bio-treated waste is pumped through pressure sand filter (PSF-01)

followed by ACF-01 for the tertiary treatment. Here the treated waste

water is filtered and polished for the final reuse. Disinfection through

sodium hypo chloride is done to reduce microbial contamination.

Stage VI

The end treated water is mixed with RO reject of 300 KLD (15

M3 / hr) and stored in treated water tank for necessary reuse. The entire

treated water shall be estimated as 3000 to 3500 TDS only; which is

almost same as inlet raw water TDS.

The same water can be recycled for the inlet of water treatment plant as

per requirement.

Stage VII (Sludge treatment)

Sludge treatment is done by withdrawing the entire sludge from ST-01;

ST-02; ST-02 and UASB by frequent valve operation to SLDT-01.

The sludge collected is pumped to FP-01 for solid and liquid

separation. The filtrate is returned to EQ-01 and dried sludge is

disposed of to suitable agency.


Stage VIII

The gas generated from UASB is passed through pressure relief valve,

moisture trap and flame arrester to Gas dome tank. The gas collected in

gas dome is used as fuel or burned out.

2.5.3 Solid Waste Management

2.5.3.1 Solid waste Generation

The solid waste generated will be in the form of i) Bed Ash and the (iii) Fly

Ash from CPP. Following measures are proposed to minimize the impacts of

ash to the environment. Provision shall be made for 100% dry fly ash

utilization. Fly ash extracted in dry form shall be taken to buffer hoppers.

From the buffer hoppers, dry ash shall be transported to a storage silo. For this

suitable transportation vessel like air lock/air educator/pump tank shall be

used.

Storage Capacity

• Bed ash silo – 1x30cum capacity common for both boilers

• Fly ash silo – 1x400cum capacity common for both boilers

2.5.3.2 Solid waste Disposal

Fly Ash Utilization

Fly ash could be used after suitable processing, as necessary, as a construction

material. The following uses are possible for the fly ash:

• As admixture to cement

• As admixture to cement concrete for large construction

• As an aggregate in ‘aerated’ concrete or ‘foamed’ concrete for the

manufacture of pre-fabricated building blocks.

One of the uses identified is for manufacturing of light weight aggregate,

which in turn can be effectively used for manufacture of bricks and tiles.

These can be used in building industry (walls and floors) and pavement of

roads, etc. The calcium from lime reacts with silica and alumina in fly ash to

produce calcium/ aluminum minerals in a reaction similar to that of Portland

cement. These minerals bond the fly ash particles tightly so that hard, strong


and practically unreachable pellets are formed. These pellets are heated at low

temperature to cure them.

Used/spent Oil

Negligible quantity of used oil shall be generated; which will be disposing off

to through registered recyclers.

2.5.4 Noise Pollution & Control Measures

Construction Phase

Main source of Noise pollution is vehicular movement during construction

phase. In order to reduce this following measures to be taken.

1. Speed limit of vehicle shall be restricted by 30 KMPH

2. Regular maintenance of vehicles shall be done

3. Ear plug or Ear muff to be used in high noise prone area.

Operation Phase

All equipment in the power plant will be designed / operated to have a total

noise level not exceeding 85 to 90 dbA. This will meet the requirement of

ISHA Standard (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). As per this

standard, protection from noise is required when sound levels exceed the

values prescribed by norms. In addition, since most of the noise generating

equipment will be in enclosed structures, the noise transmitted outside will be

still lower.



CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.0 SITE AND SURROUNDING AREA

This chapter describes the existing environmental conditions of the study area,

which covers an area within 10 km radius around proposed 45 MW coal based

power plant of Shree Renuka Sugars limited. The methodology of establishing

baseline environmental scenario has been briefly described in Chapter 1.0 and

further details of data generation/ collection; analysis and interpretation are

presented in the respective sections in this chapter.

The entire study area falls in Kutch district Gujarat. The study area shows flat

topography in the vicinity of the project site. The field monitoring started at

site on first week of March 2010. Apart from primary data generated during

the field monitoring, additional data was also collected from secondary

sources like Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)- Bhuj.

3.1 LAND USE

Land is the most vital resource for sustenance of life and degradations of land

use to industrialization; urbanization and population growth is a matter of

concern. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the existing land use pattern to

optimize the land use as well as minimize degradation due to the

developmental activities.

The basic of land use classification for the purpose of EIA study report is to

define the distribution of the existing land according to its actual use. The land

use pattern indicates the manner in which different parts of land in the study

area is being utilized or un-utilized. It is an important indicator of

environmental health and human activity and a degree of inter-play between

these two.

Even though the soil quality, water availability and climatic conditions have

strong influence on agriculture and vegetation, the human activity may alter

the natural environment to a large extent to suit human needs. Unsuitable land

use often triggers rapid environmental deterioration and disturbs ecological

balance.



The objectives of the present study are:

• To map the study area with respect to various land use/land cover

categories

• To identify the sensitive areas within 10 km radius around the project site.

The land use pattern has been established based on satellite imaginary and

based on Census Data of 2001 and truth verifications. Ground and ancillary

information have been used to identify the sensitive places within 10 km

radius of the proposed project.

3.1.1 Land Use classification Based on Satellite Imaginary

Land use statistic of Shree Renuka Sugar Ltd (10 Km radius) is as follow

Table 3.1

Sr. No. Description % Area Area in Ha

1. Built up residential 8.18 2569

2. Built up Industry 2.83 887.9

3. Salt Pan 19.6 6156.05

4. Reclaimed Land 0.19 58.88

5 Vacant Land 0.32 100.52

6. Transportation & Logistics 1.05 331.35

7. Agriculture Land 0.32 100.52

8. Dense Scrub 23.13 7267.95

9. Open Scrub 23.13 7267.95

10. Mudflat 11.86 3727.01

11. Mangrove 5.34 1677.65

12. Lake/Pond 0.21 67.15

13 Reservoir 0.52 163.35

14 River 0.42 131.6

15. Creek 3.35 1053.9

Total 100 31415.51



FIGURE 3.1

Base Map for 10 KM radius from project site

3.1.2 Land Use Classification Based on Census Data 2001

In traditional revenue records in India, major land use classifications are; (a)

Hills and rocky land, (b) Forests, (c) Pastures (d) Hebetated areas (e)

Cultivated areas (f) Cultural wasteland (g) Un-cultural wasteland. The land

use classification has varied somewhat from state to state and often overlaps.

Furthermore, combining of two or more categories into a single one could also

be found.

The above classification appears to be partly a land classification and partly a

land use classification. Only large-scale shifts in land use pattern, such as,

forests areas converted in to cultivated area can be observed from revenue

records. The shifting in cropping pattern, on the cultivated areas, is a slightly

better and more sensitive indicator of change in environmental quality but

even this reflects human manipulation due to environmental changes.



As outlined earlier, the study area for this project encompasses areas falling

within a 10 km radius of the plant site. The entire study area falls in Kutch

district & in one Taluka namely Gandhidham in Gujarat. As per the census

records -2001, the area is predominantly rural in character.

The Census records, do not classify land as ‘Hilly and rocky’ or ‘Pastures’ or

‘Hebetated area.’ It appears that, ‘Hilly and rocky’ areas are included in

‘Uncultivable land,’ Pastures are included in ‘Cultivable waste land’ and

‘Hebetated area’ are included in ‘Area not available for cultivation’. In

revenue records total land of a village is classified in two categories (a)

Cultural land (b) Un-cultural land. Cultivable land is further sub-classified into

cultivated area and cultural wasteland. Un-Cultivable land includes hebetated

area, forest and pasture land covered by roads and buildings. Land use pattern

as per the census records of 2001, has been classified in the following

categories:

• Forest

• Cultivated Land

o Irrigated Land

o Un-irrigated Land

• Cultivable wasteland

• Area not available for cultivation

The following points are important to be mentioned regarding the land use

pattern described in this chapter:

i. Taluka has been used as a unit of civic administration as used in the

census records for the state of Gujarat.

ii. Land use classes have been computed on the basis of land use area of

industrial villages, falling totally or partly as the case may be, within

the study area.

iii. Land use area does not always tally with the geographical area, as

there are waterways etc. that may not be included in the land use

statistics of the villages. Summary of land use pattern data has been

presented in Table below.



Table 3.2

Land Use Classification Area (Hectare %) of Ta. Gandhidham

Land Use Classification Area In Hectare

Irrigated 384.79

Un irrigated 5096.97

Cultivable Waste land 4286.8

Area Not Available for cultivation 4412.81

Figure no. 3.2

Land Use Classification Area of Ta. Gandhidham2.71%

35.94%

30.23%

31.12%Irrigated

Unirrigated

Culturable waste land

Area not available forcultivation

Table 3.3

Land Use Classification Area (ha) of Village. Bharapar

Land Use Classification Area in Hectare

Irrigated 34.43

Un irrigated 518.60

Cultivable waste land 63.64

Area not available for cultivation 369.55



Figure 3.3

Land Use Classifaction Area of Village Bharapar

3.49%

52.58%

6.45%

37.47%

Irrigated

Unirrigated

Culturable waste land

Area not available forcultivation

On perusal of the data compiled from the Census Records of 2001 following

facts can be delineated:

3.2 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC

Demography and socio-economic features include population, number of

houses and households, literacy, population density etc. In order to assess the

demographic features of the study area, census data of Kutch District in

Gujarat for the year 2001 have been compiled and analyzed.

Proposed project is located at Taluka Gandhidham which covers 08 villages

namely, Antrarjal, Bharapar, Chudva, Galpadar, kidana, Mithi Rohar, Padana

& Shinay.

3.2.1 Demographic Profile of the Study Area

3.2.1.1 Households/Occupied Residential Houses and Total Population

The total 29,872 households in Taluka Gandhidham as well as residential

houses distributed over 08 villages as per census record of 2001.

The total 137 households in village Bharpar as per census record of 2001.



Total Population:

The total population of the village bharapar stood at 659 out of which Total

population of males is 346 & Females is 313 as per the census record of 2001.

While total population of Gandhidham Taluka stood at 151693 out of which

males are 79,379 & female are 72,314 as per the census record of 2001.

Figure 3.4

Total Population For Village Bharapar

Male 52.50%

Female 47.50%

Male Female

Figure 3.5

Total Population For Taluka : Gandhidham

Female47.67% Male

52.33%

MaleFemale



3.2.1.2 Sex Ratio

In the village Bharapar area, there were 857 females for every thousand males,

where as in total Gandhidham Taluka, there were 911 females for every

thousand males, as per the census records of 2001.

3.2.1.3 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

As per the census data of 2001, scheduled caste population observed is 10 and

scheduled Tribe population is 21 in the village Bharapar.

As per the census data of 2001, scheduled case population observed is 29,360

and scheduled Tribe population is 4354 in Taluka Gandhidham.

The proportion of SC was 19.35 % and ST was 2.87 % of total population in

Taluka Gandhidham as per census data of 2001.

3.2.1.4 Literacy

A person who can both read and write with understanding in any language is

taken as literate according to Indian Census.

As per Census of India 2001 total literate population of Taluka Gandhidham is

1,13,769 which is 75 % of the total population.

3.2.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA

3.2.2.1 Distribution of Work Participation Rate

The work participation rate for total workers is defined as the percentage of

total workers to the total population. In a similar way it is defined for main and

marginal workers.

The work participation rate for total workers is defined as the percentage of

total workers to total population. In a similar way it is defined for main,

marginal and non-workers.



Table 3.4

Distribution of Woke Participation Rate

Sr. No. Details Total % Of total population

Total population 151693

1. Total workers 47151 31

Total Main workers 44751 29.5

Total Marginal workers 2400 1.6

2. Total Non workers 104542 68.9

Figure 3.6

Distribution of Work Participation Rate for Gandhidham Taluka

31%

69%

Total WorkersTotal Non workers



Figure 3.7

Distribution of Total Workers for Gandhidham

94.91%

5.09%

Main Worker

MarginalWorker

3.2.3 Availability of Infrastructure Facilities and Amenities

I. Educational Facilities

Out of the 08 villages, falling within Gandhidham Taluka, there were

all villages with Primary Schools, 01 village has secondary school and

no village has senior secondary schools as per census record 2001.

Higher educational facilities are available in town only. There is no

medical and engineering college in the Taluka Gandhidham. Bhuj city

is a hub of educations, and has facility of polytechnic, Engineering,

medical, physiotherapy and other educational courses are available.

II. Medical Facilities

In the rural area, medical facilities are very poor. Detail of all the 62

villages of Taluka Gandhidham are as under.



Table 3.5

Medical Facility

Sr.

No.

Details Total

No

Total no of villages have

facilities

Available Not available

1 Number of Medical facilities 0 0 08

2 Number of Allopathic Hospitals 01 01 07

3 Number of Family Welfare Centre 0 0 0

4 Number of Maternity Home 0 0 08

5 Number of Ayurvedic Hospitals 0 0 08

6 Number of Homeopathic Hospital 0 0 08

07 Number of registered private medical

practitioners 01 01 07

08 Number of community Health

Workers 08 08 0

Note: Details are taken from Census of India 2001.

III. Drinking Water Facilities

In the study area, drinking water facility is present in all the eight

villages. Wells, hand pumps and tube wells, Tap water are the major

sources of drinking water. In the rural part of the study area, almost all

the villages are enjoying tap water facility provided by Gram

Panchayat its community development programmer.

IV. Postal Facilities

In the study area, post and telegraph facility is available in the most of

villages. Details of postal Facilities as per Census of India 2001 are as

under in total 62 villages of Taluka Gandhidham.



Table 3.6

Postal Facilities

Sr.

No. Details

Total

No.

Total No of villages have

facilities

Available

villages

Not available

villages

1 Number of post and telegraph

office 06 06 02

2 Number of telephone connections 474 07 01

3 Number of Telegram offices 0 0 8

4. Number of post and telegram

offices 0 0 8

V. Weekly Market Facility

Generally large villages have at least a few permanent kirana shops,

which cater to the daily necessities of the residents. In the rural part of

the study area not even a single village is having weekly market

facility.

VI. Transport and Communication

Communication facilities are available in most of the study area

villages. Out of 08 villages, 07 villages have Bus transport facility. No

villages have railway transport facilities as per census data 2001.

VII. Approach Road

Almost all the villages can be approached by pucca road while the

remaining can be approached by katcha road facility.

The National Highway No. 8A passes through the district along with a

number of State Highways. The district is provided with a well

managed transport system both private and public, connecting the

different parts of the district.



VIII. Recreational and Cultural Facility

The infrastructural facilities in general meet the requirements of the

people. However, it requires to be further improved, especially with

respect to transport and communication and medical facilities.

Out of 08 villages no village has video hall, sports club, stadium or

auditorium as per Censes data 2001.

IX. Banking Facilities

Total 02 nos. of commercial bank facilities available in 02 villages as per census data 2001.

3.3 METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY

Meteorology determines the general weather patterns and thus identifies the

probable pollution patterns. The climate of project area is arid. Hot and dry

summer from March to May, a monsoon or rainy season from June to

September and a cool pleasant winter from October to February characterize

it. However, climatologically, four seasons viz. summer (pre-monsoon),

monsoon, post-monsoon and winter could be deciphered comprising the

following months:

Summer (Pre-monsoon): March, April, May

Monsoon: June, July, August, September

Post-monsoon: October, November

Winter: December, January, February.

3.3.1 Past Records

3.3.1.1 Data Collected

Analysis of past records brings out the synoptic features of the area.

Climatologically data was collected from the nearest meteorological station

operated by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) at Bhuj located about

40 km from the project site and the data recorded at this station has been used

to describe the climatology of the area.



3.3.1.2 Analysis of Climatologically Data

Climatologically data for last 30 years collected from IMD, Bhuj is

incorporated and presented in Table 3.7.

TABLE: 3.7

SALIENT CLIMATOLOGICALLY FEATURES OF IMD BHUJ

(30 YEARS AVERAGE)

Month Temperature Rainfall

Max (deg c) Min (deg C) Mm

January 27.1 8.8 2

February 30.1 11.8 1.5

March 35.1 17.4 2.1

April 38.8 22 1.1

May 39.6 25.3 7.5

June 37.5 27.1 38

July 34 26.3 125.7

August 32.8 25.3 103.5

September 34.3 23.9 63.1

October 36.4 20.7 19.7

November 32.7 15.1 8.5

December 28.4 10.1 1.0

Average 33.9 19.48 31.14

3.3.1.3 RAINFALL

The average annual rainfall is about 31.14 mm. Rainfall peaks during July

(about 125.73 mm) followed by Aug (about 103.5 mm) with the four monsoon

months (June to September) contributing 88% of the total rainfall.

3.3.1.4 TEMPERATURE

The average annual minimum temperature is 19.48 deg C and average annual

maximum temperature is 33.9 deg C.



3.3.2 ON –SITE METEOROLOGY

In order to corroborate and supplement the long-term meteorological data collected from IMD, Bhuj and to generate site-specific data, an Automatic Weather Station (WM 250) of M/s Envirotech Instrument Pvt. Ltd. make was installed at the project site of Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd, Village Bharapar, Ta. Gandhidham, Dist. Kutch.. In this report the on-site meteorological data collected from March-2010 to May- 2010 has been incorporated and analyzed. Monthly variation in on-site meteorological parameters at site has been given in Table 3.11; 3.12 & 3.13.

TABLE: 3.8 METEROLOGICAL DATA FOR MARCH-10

Date Direction Temp. Humidity Wind Speed

Avg. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

1/3/2010 230 24 30.5 38 87.2 2 20.8 2/3/2010 235 23 31.4 39 86.5 2 20.1 3/3/2010 230 21.4 33.2 31.2 91.5 2 29.5 4/3/2010 240 21.1 31.1 41.3 92.1 1 26 5/3/2010 230 22 31.3 41.1 90.3 0 19.6 6/3/2010 240 19 31.2 39.3 93 0 26.8 7/3/2010 305 22.2 32.1 31.1 66.4 3.7 23.9 8/3/2010 310 22.2 35.3 20.3 47.4 1.6 20.2 9/3/2010 330 21.1 37 14.2 57.3 0.4 34.4 10/3/2010 335 23.1 37.4 11.1 38 4.9 30.1 11/3/2010 310 24.1 38.5 11.1 27.1 1.9 28.1 12/3/2010 220 20 39 11.3 42.4 0.2 30.4 13/3/2010 245 19.1 36.5 19.2 78 0.8 18.3 14/3/2010 225 20 33.2 40.5 96 1.4 22.2 15/3/2010 220 21 36.1 34.6 96.3 1.4 20 16/3/2010 232 25.1 39.2 31.1 94.2 1.4 21.8 17/3/2010 235 26 38.5 33.3 92.3 6.3 28.1 18/3/2010 226 19 37.4 21.2 53 1.1 14.6 19/3/2010 198 19.2 39.4 14.2 80.2 0.5 14.8 20/3/2010 204 27 38.5 18.2 58.5 0.2 16.6 21/3/2010 225 28 39.5 19.1 60.1 0.5 18.2 22/3/2010 230 27.9 40.1 20.1 61.2 1.2 18.9 24/3/2010 235 28.1 42.1 21.2 65.3 1.5 19.2 25/3/2010 236 24.2 29.0 47.0 80.0 7.4 8.5 26/3/2010 226 23 33.2 46.1 78.2 8 19.9 27/3/2010 241 21 35.3 31 96.2 0.1 20.4 28/3/2010 225 21 38.1 16.1 90.2 0.2 19.8 29/3/2010 233 19.3 34.1 32 81.6 1.4 26.1 30/3/2010 222 23.3 33.4 51 93.6 1.6 31.6 31/3/2010 226 24.1 35 36.1 94.3 4.9 25.6



TABLE: 3.9

METEROLOGICAL DATA FOR APRIL-10

Date

Direction Temp. Humidity Wind Speed Avg. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

1/4/2010 218 24.6 35.2 47.6 88.1 4.1 26.9 2/4/2010 230 25.3 38.3 19 90.2 6.7 24.1 3/4/2010 218 22.1 35.3 41.1 96.4 2.8 23.4 4/4/2010 239 21.1 35.5 17 95.1 0.8 20.8 5/4/2010 226 19 37.4 21.2 53 1.1 14.6 6/4/2010 198 19.2 39.4 14.2 80.2 0.5 14.8 7/4/2010 243 22 39.4 15.5 63.4 0.5 20.6 8/4/2010 204 27 38.5 18.2 58.5 0.2 16.6 9/4/2010 238 24.1 40 14 49.6 0.9 16.4 10/4/2010 233 23 39.1 31.2 89.4 2 24.7 11/4/2010 211 25 38.3 37.4 87.3 3.5 24.7 12/4/2010 227 24.2 40.3 19.3 94.2 6.4 20.8 13/4/2010 219 25.3 38.1 36.1 82.4 2.4 18.1 14/4/2010 212 25.4 39.2 16.1 61.2 0.2 21.2 15/4/2010 201 25 38.3 25.5 64 1.3 14.2 16/4/2010 245 26 40.2 32.1 77.4 2.1 20.2 17/04/2010 232 25.1 39.2 31.1 94.2 1.4 21.8 18/04/2010 235 26 38.5 33.3 92.3 6.3 28.1 19/04/2010 233 26.1 39.1 40.1 91.4 9.8 24.1 20/04/2010 240 27 39.5 28.1 88.3 8.8 23.1 21/04/2010 236 27 36.6 45.2 87.6 10 28.7 22/04/2010 256 26.1 36.3 47.3 89.1 1.1 20.4 23/04/2010 236 23.3 38.3 27.1 91.3 0.4 20.6 24/04/2010 273 24 41.5 17.1 86 0.1 19.4 25/04/2010 236 25.2 37.5 34.1 88.5 1.8 23.9 26/04/2010 227 26 38.2 41.2 87.5 4.5 25.4 27/04/2010 255 26.2 42.1 19.1 89.4 2.7 16.8 28/04/2010 265 26.1 42.3 17.1 84.3 4.1 17.7 29/04/2010 238 27.2 39 29.2 88.4 2.2 25.4 30/04/2010 227 27.1 38.2 29 89.1 0.1 18.5



TABLE: 3.10

METEROLOGICAL DATA FOR MAY-10

Date

Direction Temp. Humidity Wind Speed Avg. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

1/5/2010 232 25.0 38.1 25.0 92.1 1.8 19.2 2/5/2010 258 27.1 37.5 36.1 83 0.5 17.7 3/5/2010 230 25.1 38.6 36 88.2 1.9 21.3 4/5/2010 241 27.1 38.1 43.1 86.3 3.7 21.3 5/5/2010 228 26 38.2 38.3 88.1 2.9 27.9 6/5/2010 242 28.1 40.2 28 85 4.6 21.2 7/5/2010 281 27.1 41.2 20 86.5 0.2 12.3 8/5/2010 262 28 41.4 24.3 83.1 4.4 20.9 9/5/2010 243 27 38.2 33 84.2 2.8 21.1 10/5/2010 238 25 40.2 30 86.3 2.2 20.1 11/5/2010 235 26.1 40.2 37.1 84.1 2 20.2 12/5/2010 227 26 37.5 32 79.2 1.5 26.6 13/5/2010 234 27 41.3 34 85.5 3.3 20.6 14/5/2010 231 27.2 39.5 26.3 90 6 22.8 15/5/2010 228 28.1 38 39.4 86.1 5.1 23.6 16/5/2010 225 25.2 37.3 30.1 88.1 1.9 20.5 17/5/2010 228 28.1 38.4 29.3 87.2 2.1 21.4 18/5/2010 230 26.2 37.3 29.7 86.5 2.4 22.4 19/5/2010 232 28.1 39.3 31.4 89.4 2.5 23.5 20/5/2010 235 25.4 36.8 32.5 78.1 2.2 24.7 21/5/2010 240 27.2 37.4 28.2 75.2 2.6 27.3 22/5/2010 254 28.1 39.4 29.2 74.3 3.2 21.2 23/5/2010 248 26.3 38.4 30.1 76.2 3.5 20.2 24/5/2010 239 25.8 37.4 27.4 77.3 3.4 22.1 25/5/2010 238 27.3 36.8 32.1 82.1 2.8 23.2 26/5/2010 240 25.8 38.6 33.2 83.5 3.1 25.6 27/5/2010 241 26.8 36.3 31.5 88.1 3.2 28.4 28/5/2010 242 28.5 37.7 30.4 81.3 3.3 29.3 29/5/2010 243 26.4 38.4 29.5 82.6 2.4 30.1 30/5/2010 244 25.8 39.8 30.3 81.7 2.9 29.1



Figure 3.8

Windrose Diagram

March 1st to March 31st, 2010



Figure – 3.9

Windrose Diagram

April 1 st to May 31st, 2010

3.3.2.1 Wind Speed and Direction

Wind rose diagram for study period has been prepared based on hourly

reading of wind speed and direction. Winds are moderate with minimum speed

of 0.1 km/hr on 5th, 6th March-10. Maximum wind speed 28.7 km/hr was

observed on 21st April-10. Wind Rose diagram is given in figure No. 3.8 & 3.9

3.3.2.2 Temperature

Minimum temperature was recorded as 19o C on 18th March-10 and 5th April-

10 & while the maximum temperature observed was 37.7o C on 28th May-10.



3.3.2.3 Relative Humidity

Minimum relative humidity was observed as 11.1 % on 10th & 11th March-10

and Maximum relative humidity was observed as 93.6% on 30th March-10.

3.3.2.4 Rainfall

During study period no rainfall recorded.

3.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

The prime objective of the baseline study with respect to ambient air quality is

to establish the present air quality and its conformity to ambient air quality

standards. This data has been further used during impact assessment to predict

the resultant ambient air quality during operation of proposed and its

associate’s facilities,

This section describes the identification of monitoring locations; methodology

adopted for monitoring, frequency of monitoring and results of monitoring

during the study period (March-10 to May-10).

3.4.1 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE STUDY

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 6 numbers of locations.

The guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of Oct 1998 and

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) issued on 18th Nov-2009.

3.4.2 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MONITORING LOCATION S

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established on the basis

of the following considerations:

• Meteorological conditions of the area • Topography of the study area; • Representatives of background air quality/pollution pockets for

obtaining baseline status; • Representatives of likely impact areas. • Representation of valid cross-sectional distribution in downwind

direction

Logistic considerations as easy accessibility, security, availability of reliable

power supply etc were also examined while finalizing the locations.

The Ambient Air Quality Monitoring locations are shown in below table.



TABLE: 3.11

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Station Code Location Distance from proposed site

(KM)

AAQ1 Village: Bharapar 0.37

AAQ2 Village: Shinai 5.32

AAQ3 Village: Kidana 2.83

AAQ4 Village: Tuna 2.95

AAQ5 Village: Mathak 7.52

AAQ6 Village: Adipur 7.23

3.4.3 FREQUENCY AND PARAMETERS FOR MONITORING

Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two

24 hourly sampling for consecutive two days in upwind & downwind direction

per week all the locations. The baseline data of ambient air has been generated

for the following parameters:

• Particulate Matter PM10;

• Particulate Matter PM2.5;

• Sulphur Dioxide (SO2); and

• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx);

3.4.4 DETAILS OF THE MONITORING LOCATIONS

The monitoring locations represent the areas of maximum deposition,

reference ambient air quality and location characteristics.

3.4.5 INSTRUMENT USED FOR SAMPLING

Fin particulate matter dust Samplers APM-550 of Envirotech Instruments Pvt.

Ltd. make were installed for monitoring Suspended Particulate Matter

(PM10,PM2.5), & gaseous attachment APM 411 of Envirotech Instruments

Pvt Ltd for gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx.



3.4.6 METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE

• For PM10, PM2.5

For PM2.5 Gravimetric method.

For PM10 measurement IS: 5182(Part 23) : 2006

• For Sulfur dioxide

Improved West and Geake Method Ultraviolet Fluorescence -IS-5182(part

2):2001

• For Nitrogen Oxide

Jacob & Hochheiser Modified (Na-Arsenite) Method IS-5182(part

vi):1975

3.4.7 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

The summarized data for minimum, maximum and average of RPM, SPM,

SO2 and NOX during the study period are presented in Table: 3.12

TABLE: 3.12

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

Parameter Observed

Observed Value

Sampling Locations

Limit as per

NAAQ std.

AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6

100 PM10 (ug/Nm3)

Min 60 58 55 48 42 40 Max 85 82 73 72 69 65 Avg 72.5 70 64 60 55.5 52.5

PM2.5 (ug/Nm3)

Min 35 33 30 29 28 25 60 Max 45 42 40 38 32 30

Avg 40 37.5 35 33.5 30 27.5

Sox (ug/Nm3)

Min 3.4 3.2 4.4 2.1 2.5 2.9 80 Max 10.1 8.2 8.5 7.9 9.2 9.4

Avg 6.75 5.7 6.45 5 5.85 6.15

Nox (ug/Nm3)

Min 14.3 15.3 11.4 12.2 13.1 11.8 80 Max 19.2 18.4 17.4 18.4 19.3 20.1

Avg 16.75 16.85 14.4 15.3 16.2 15.9



3.4.8 OBSERVATION BASED ON MONITORING DATA

The observations based on the monitoring results presented in Table have been

summarized below.

3.4.8.1 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10)

The maximum value of PM10 is 85 ug/Nm3 observed at village Bharapar &

lowest concentration was observed at village Adipur which is 40 µg/m3 during

the study period.

The average concentration of PM10 varies from 52.5 µg/m3 to 72.4 µg/m3 at

all monitoring locations during the study period, which is well below the

permissible limit of 100 µg/m3 for residential/ rural area.

3.4.8.2 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5)

The maximum value of PM2.5 is 35 µg/m3 observed at village Bharpar &

lowest concentration was observed at village Adipur which is 25 µg/m3.

The average concentration of PM2.5 varied from 27.5-40 µg/m3 at all the

monitoring locations during the study period which is well below the

permissible limit of 60 µg/m3 for residential/rural area.

3.4.8.3 SULFUR DIOXIDIE (SO2)

The maximum value of SO2 was observed at location at village Bharapar

which is 10.1 µg/m3 and lowest 2.1 µg/m3 at village Tuna.

The average concentration of SO2 varied from 2.1 µg/m3 to 3.4 µg/m3. At all

the locations, the concentration of SO2 was observed within the permissible

limit of 80 µg/m3 for residential area.

3.4.8.4 OXIDE OF NITROGEN (NOx)

Highest concentration of NOx observed as 20.1 µg/m3 at village Adipur &

lowest concentration of 11.4 µg/m3 at village Kidana.

The average concentration of NOx varied from 14.4 µg/m3 to 16.85 µg/m3. At

all the locations, the concentrations of NOx were within the permissible limit

of 80.0 µg/m3 in residential/rural area as per National Ambient Air Quality

Standards.



3.4.9 CONCLUSION

On perusal of the results presented in Table 3.16 it can be concluded that the

concentration of pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx in ambient air in

the study area are well within the permissible limit of NAAQS. The National

Ambient Air Quality Standard is presented.

ONSITE AMBIENT AIR MONITORING AT VILLAGE KIDANA



Table: 3.13

National Ambient Air quality standard: 16 th

November-2009

Sr.

No. Pollutant

Time

duration

Industrial/Residential/

Rural or others

Sensitive

area

(Notified by

Govt. Of

India)

1. Sulfur Dioxide

(SO2), ug/Nm3 24 hrs 80 80

2. Oxide of Nitrogen

(NOx) ug/Nm3 24 hrs 80 80

3.

Particulate Matter

(size less than 10ug)

or PM10 ug/Nm3

24 hrs 100 100

4.

Particulate Matter

(size less than 2.5

ug) or PM2.5

(ug/Nm3)

24 hrs 60 60

3.5 AIR MODELLING

3.5.1 Details of process stacks are as under.

Numbers of Stack 01

Stack Attached to Boilers

Type of fuel used Imported coal

Air pollution control equipments Electrostatic precipitator

Temperature 170-180 deg c

Expected pollutants SPM, SOx, NOx

3.5.2 Assessment of Impact based on ISCST3 model

The dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere is a function of several

meteorological parameters viz. temperature, wind speed and direction, mixing



depths, inversion level, etc. A number of models have been developed for the

prediction of pollutant concentration at any point from an emitting source. The

Industrial Source Complex – Short Term (ISCST3) dispersion model is a

steadystate Gaussian plume model. It is most widely accepted for its

interpretability. It gives reasonably correct values because this obeys the

equation of continuity and it also takes care of diffusion, which is a random

process. For the present study, this model is used for the prediction of

maximum ground level concentration (GLC). Assessment of air pollution is

carried out for stacks attached to Boilers.

3.5.3 Model Input Data

The different air emissions at site of the M/s Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd are

SPM, SO2 and NOx from stack attached to Boilers in the plant. The site

specific and monitored details considered for input data for the software

“ISCST3” by Lakes Environmental for prediction of impact on air

environment are given in Table.

Model Input Data

Sr. No. Parameter Rate

1 Numbers of Stack 01

2 Temperature 170-180 deg c

3 Stack height 105 mtrs.

4 Stack diameter 03 mtrs.

5 Exit gas velocity 25 m/s

6 Concentration of SPM g/s 8.83 gm/sec

7 Concentration of Sox g/s 216 gm/sec

8 Concentration of Nox g/s 100 gm/sec

3.5.4 Presentation of results

The simulations were made to evaluate SPM, SO2 and NOx incremental short-

term concentrations due to proposed project. In the short-term simulations, the

incremental concentrations were estimated to obtain an optimum description

of variations in concentrations within study area of 10 km radius.

The air pollution caused by the gaseous emissions from a single or small

group of stacks is a local phenomenon. Its impacts will occur at a distance



ranging from within the immediate vicinity of the stack to 5 to 10 kilometers

away from the stack. Maximum ground level concentration will occur within

this range. All plumes at more downwind distances from the source by stack

emission become so diluted by diffusion in the ambient atmosphere, that

concentrations of pollutants become negligible. The maximum ground level

concentration for different parameters is given in below table.

CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTATNS

Pollutant

Maximum ground

level concentration

(ug/Nm3)

Distance

KM Direction w.r.t to site

SPM 6.11 1 NW

Sox 41.72 2.2 SW

NOx 19.31 2.1 SW

3.5.5 Meteorological Data

The site-specific hourly meteorological data measured at site. In order to

conduct a refined air dispersion modeling using ISCST3 short-term air quality

dispersion models, the site specific hourly meteorological data measured at

site is preprocessed using the U.S. EPA PCRAMMET and U.S. EPA

AERMET programs.



Figure no. 3.10

ISOPLETH OF SPM



Figure no. 3.11

ISOPLETH of SOX



Figure no. 3.12

ISOPLETH of NOX



3.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT

3.6.1 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE STUDY AREA:

The area under study comes under Biogeographic zone 3 –The Indian desert

and in Biotic Province -3B 1 Kutch

plateau. Topography of the region

near the project site and its

surrounding was characterized by

plain area without much undulating

terrain, mainly barren land with

isolated agriculture fields. Terrain is

rocky with very less top soil layer,

hence not ideal for agriculture. Mathak,

Sangadh Joginar villages situated

towards South- west direction from the

project site are actively engaged in

agriculture activities.

Anjar village and Meghpar villages

situated towards the Northern boundary

of the study area, are characterized by

Undulating terrain and small hillocks, where many quarries are active in stone

mining. No natural forest area is observed within the 10 km radius from

Barapar village.



3.6.2 Baseline Data

Soil may be defined as a thin layer of earth's crust which serves as a natural

medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral matter that

has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and environmental factors,

such as, parent material, climate organism and physiochemical action of wind,

water and sum light an acting over a long period of time.

Table 3.14

Soil Sample Location

SAMPLE ID NAME DISTANCE FROM SITE(Kms)

S1 Bharapar 0.37

S2 Shinai 5.32

S3 Kidana 2.83

S4 Tuna 2.95

S5 Mathak 7.52

S6 Adipur 7.23



3.6.3 Methodology

Table 3.15

Methodology for Soil Testing

PHYSICAL AND

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

UNIT DETAILS OF INSTRUMENT

USED FOR ANALYSIS

pH --- pH meter

Bulk Density Gm/cm3 Balance

Water Holding Capacity % ---

Soil Texture --- Sieve Shaker

Soil Colour --- ---

Nitrogen as N % Titrimetric

Phosphorus % UV-VIS spectrophotometer

Potassium % Flame Photometer

Calcium as Ca % Titrimetric

Nitrate as NO3-N %

Sulfate as SO4 % UV-VIS spectrophotometer

Conductivity Umho/cm Digital conductivity

Organic Matter % Titrimetric

Chloride % Titrimetric

Grain size distribution --- Sieve Shaker

Gravel --- --

Coarse --- --

Coarse Medium --- ---

Coarse- fine --- ---

Silt & clay --- ---

3.6.4 PHYCICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Physical characteristics of soil are delineated through specific parameters like

particle size distribution, bulk density, porosity. Particle size distribution is

analyzed in terms of percentage of sand, silt & clay. From Analysis result it is

observed that, Soil in the area is study is sandy.



Table 3.16 Physical Characteristic of Soil

Sr. No.

Parameters Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

1 pH -- 8.3 8.5 7.9 7.8 8.6 8.1 2 Bulk

Density Gm/Cm3 1.45 1.23 1.21 1.23 1.36 1.42

3 Water Holding capacity

% 12 18 22 22 21 28

4 Soil Texture

-- Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy

5 Soil Color

-- Earth Brown

Earth Brown

Dark Brown

Dark Brown

Earth Brown

Earth Brown

6 Nitrogen as N

% 0.12 0.18 0.36 0.35 0.70 0.75

7 Phosphorus g/kg 0.005 0.008 0.025 0.025 0.007 0.12 8 Potassium

as K g/kg 0.02 0.056 0.023 0.022 0.035 0.045

9 Calcium as Ca

g/kg 0.159 0.161 0.164 0.167 0.165 0.163

10 Nitrate as NO3-N

g/kg 0.065 0.070 0.086 0.087 0.055 0.060

11 Sulphate as SO4

g/kg 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.06

12 Electrcial Conductivity

Umho/cm 200 219 225 228 256 230

13 Organic Matter

g/kg 1.1 2.5 2.30 2.32 7.3 6.4

14 Chloride g/kg 0.148 0.150 0.145 O.144 0.150 0.151 15 Particle size distribution 16 Gravel % 3 5 12 16 15 17 C Sand % 12.5 16.1 14.3 13.8 16.4 11.5 18 C- M Sand % 32.33 55.3 40.3 39.3 49.2 52.1 19 C- F sand % 28.5 27.6 29.4 30.1 30.1 31.5 20 Silt & clay % 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 21 Moisture

Content % 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8



3.6.5 Conclusion

Following text depicts the quality of soil in the study area

• pH is an important parameter indicative of the alkaline or acidic nature of

the soil. It greatly affects the microbial population as well as the solubility

of metal ions and regulates nutrient availability. The pH of the soil were in

the range of 7.9 to 8.6.

• Electrical conductivity, a measure of soluble salts in soil was in the range

of 200-256 mho/cm.

• The important captions present in soil are calcium and Phosphorus. It was

observed that both calcium and Phosphorus concentrations were in the

range of 0.159 to 0.165 g/kg and 0.005 - 0.12 g/Kg respectively.

• Potassium was in the range of 0.02-0.056 g/kg.

3.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.7.1 TERRSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

Environmental impact assessments have become an integral part of

development projects to formulate policies and guidelines for environmentally

sound economic development. Proper assessment of biological environment

and compilation of its taxonomical data is essential for the impact prediction.

3.7.2 PERIOD OF THE STUDY AND STUDY AREA

The baseline study, for the evaluation of the floral and faunal biodiversity of

the terrestrial environment with in 10 km from the project site, located near

Bharapar village in Kutch District was conducted during May-2010

3.7.3 METHODOLOGY

The sampling plots for this floral inventory were selected randomly in the

suitable habitats within the 10km radius from the project site.

3.7.4 TERRESTRIAL FLORAL AND FAUNAL COMPONENTS OF T HE

STUDY AREA:

The villages covered for the present baseline study are given in the table 3.17.

All together 20 villages were covered for the present biological baseline study.



4 villages were selected in the core area (Project site and surrounding villages)

and 27 villages were selected in the buffer zone (with in10km radius).

Table 3.17

List of Villages covered under the present baseline study

# Village Name

Core zone ( closer to project site)

1 Barapar

2 Rampar

3 Tuna

4 Kiddana

Buffer zone- ( with in 10km radius)

5 Sangadh

6 Mathak

7 Jogninar

8 Shinai

9 Adipur



3.7.5 FLORAL DIVERSITY OF THE STUDY AREA:

The objective this floral inventory of the study area, is to provide necessary

information on floristic structure in the study area for formulating effective

management and conservation measures. The climatic, edaphic and biotic

variations with their complex interrelationship and composition of species,

which are adapted to these variations, have resulted in different vegetation

cover, characteristic of each region. The following account of floral inventory

has been, based on the field survey conducted for a short duration in the May,

2010, is not very comprehensive data and is aimed only to give a general

pattern of vegetation of this region during the study period as a baseline data

in absence of secondary data. Listing of the endangered, threatened and

endemic species of flora in a locality and drawing the attention to the

occurrence of such species, would aid in creating awareness amongst the local

people as a whole to protect such species from extinction, and to take

necessary measures for their conservation. These type of floristic study is an

inventory for such purpose and hence a necessity.

The dominant tree species, herbs, shrubs, climbers and major crops, were

documented during this base line study. The list of floral species documented

in the study area is enlisted in table# 3.18

The vegetation of the area investigated can be classified on the basis of

habitats as; Open barren/ fallow lands, areas under cultivations, hedge

vegetation, scrub forest, and vegetation in salt ingressed region

Open fallow lands is the most dominant landscape pattern of the study area.

These fallow lands were dominated by the herbaceous species; Cassia italica,

Cassia auriculata, Echinops echinatus, Crotalaria bruhia Leptadenia

pyrotechnica, Indigofera oblongifolia, and Boerhavia diffus .

Hedge vegetation mainly consisted of various climbers and stiff shrubs like

Balanites aegyptiaca, Aerva persica, Zizyphus nummularia, Capparis decidua,

Ipomoea obscura, and Prosopis juliflora. Scrub forest of this area was

dominated by species Prosopis juliflora, Salvadora persica, and Salvadora

oleoides. The salt ingressed region of this area was characterized by the salt

resistant species Suaeda fruticosa, Suaeda maritima, Salicornia brachiata and

Aeluropus lagopoides



The tree population was very less in this part of Kachchh district. The

dominant trees growing in this area are Phoenix sylvestris, Acacia nilotica,

Acacia leucophloea, Balanites aegyptiaca, Azadirachta indica,

Pithecellobium dulce, Prosopis cineraria, Salvadora persica and S. oleoides.

The tree species observed in the study area is enlisted in the table 3.18

Shrubs are the dominant perennials of this area, represented mainly by,

Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Prosopis juliflora, Aerva persica, Calotropis

procera, C. gigantea, Zizyphus nummularia, Tecoma stans, Cassia auriculata,

C.italica Ipomoea fistulosa, Euphorbia nivulia and Capparis decidua. The

shrub species observed in the study area are documented in Table 3.19

3.7.5.1 Trees

Tree species enlisted from the study area is given in the table #3.18. 43 tree

species belong to 20 families are enlisted from the study area.

Table 3.18

Trees in the study area

Family & Scientific name Vernacular name 1 Anacardiaceae 1/1 Mangifera indica L. Ambo 2 Annonaceae 2/1 Annona squamosa L. Saitafal 3/2 Polylathia longifolia (Conn.) Thw. Asopalav 3 Apocynaceae 4/1 Plumeria obtuse L Chambo 5/2 Nerium indicum Mill. Lalkaren 6/3 Thevitia peruviana (Pres.) Pilikaren 4 Arecaceae 7/1 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb Khajuri 8/2 Hyphaene dichotoma Bece Ravantad 9/3 Cocos nucifera L. Nariiel 5 Avicenniaceae 10/1 Avicennia marina var. acutissima

Stapf.&Mold Tivar

6 Balanitaceae 11/1 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Ingorio 7 Caesalpiniaceae 12/1 Parkinsonia aculeata L Rambaval 13/2 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.)

Backer ex Heyne Sonmukhi

14/3 Tamarindus indicum L. Amali 15/4 Senna siamea Lam. Kasida 8 Casuarinaceae



16/1 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Sharu 9 Combretaceae 17/1 Terminalia catappa L. Badam 10 Ehretiaceae 18/1 Cordia dichotoma Forst. Mota Gunda 19/2 Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) E. & A. Nani Gundi 11 Malvaceae 20/1 Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol.ex Corr. Paras piplo 12 Meliaceae 21/1 Azadirachta indica A.Juss Limbado 13 Mimosaceae 22/1 Acacia auriculiformis L Austrialanbaval 23/2 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del.subsp.indica

(Bth.) Brenan Baval

24/3 Acacia senegal ( Willd.) Gobita) 25/4 Acacia chundra (Roxb.ex.Rottl. Kair 26/5 Acacia Jacquemontii Bth. Ratobaval 27/6 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb) Hermobhaval 28/7 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Pardesi Baval 29/8 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Khyigdo 30/9 Dichrostachys cinerea Wt. & Arn. Mor Dhunadhiya 31/10 Pithecellobium dulce Benth. Goras-amli 32/11 Albizia lebbeck Benth. Siris 14 Moraceae 33/1 Ficus benghalensis L Vad 34/2 Ficus religiosa L Piplo 35/3 Ficus sp. Vad 15 Moringaceae 36/1 Moringa oleifera Lam Sargavo 16 Myrtaceae 37/1 Eucalyptus citriodora Hk. Nilgari 17 Salvadoraceae 38/1 Salvadora persica L. Piludo 39/2 Salvadora oleoides Decne Piludi 18 Sapotaceae 40/1 Achras zapota L. Chickoo 19 Simaroubaceae 41/1 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Aurdso 20 Rhamnaceae 42/1 Zizyphus glabrata Heyne ex Roth Bor 43/2 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam Bordi



3.7.5.2 Shrubs:

Shrubs encountered during the present survey are given in the Table#3. 19

shrubs belong to 13 families are enumerated from the study area, Most

dominant shrub among them were Prosopis juliflora, Leptadenia

pyrotechnica, Calotropis gigantea, C. procera, Capparis decidua and Cassia

auriculata

TABLE 3.19

LISTS OF SHRUBS IN THE STUDY AREA

Family & Scientific name Vernacular name

1 Apocynaceae 1/1 Thevetia peruviana Merr. Pili karan 2/1 Nerium indicum Mill Lalkaren 2 Asclepiadaceae 3/1 Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne. Khip 4/2 Calotropis gigantean (L.) R. Br Akado 5/3 Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br Akado 3 Bignoniaceae 6/1 Tecoma stans (L.) H.B.& K. Peilafol 4 Cactaceae 7/1 Opuntia elatior Mill. Fafdo Thor 5 1 Capparaceae 8/1 Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew Kerdo 6 Caesalpiniaceae 9/1 Cassia auriculata L Aval 10/2 Cassia italica (Mill.) ex. Andrews Mithiaval 7 Chenopodiaceae 11/1 Suaeda maritima (L.) 8 Convolvulaceae 12/1 Ipomoea fistulosa Mart.ex Choisy Nasarmo 9 Euphorbiaceae 13/1 Euphorbia nivulia Buch. – Ham. Thor 10 Mimosaceae 14/2 Prosopis juliflora DC Gando baval 11 Nyctaginaceae 15/1 Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Bougainvel 12 Rhamnaceae 16/1 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. - Boadi 17/2 Zizyphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W. &. Chanibor 13 Solanaceae 18/1 Solanum incanum L Ubhi ringan 19/2 Datura metel L Daturo



3.7.5.3 Herbs:

The herbaceous cover observed in this region is given in the table 3.20.Total

23 herbaceous species belongs to 13 families are recorded from the study area

Table 3.20

List of herbaceous species observed in the area


1 Acanthaceae 1/1 Barleria sp. --- 2/2 Hygrophila ainguriculata (Schum.) Kanatashelio,Akaro 2 Asteraceae 3/1 Echinops echinatus Roxb Shulio 3 Cactaceae 41 Opuntia elatior Mill. Thor 4 Chenopodiaceae 5/1 Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 6/2 Suaeda nudiflora (willd) Moq. Moras 7/3 S. fruticosa L. 5 Cucurbitaceae 8/1 Cucumis callosus Cogn Kothimdu 9/2 Citrullus colocynthis L. Indravarna 6 Cyperaceae 10/1 Cyperus sps. - 11/2 Fimbristylis sps. - 7 Liliaceae - 12/1 Aloe barbadensis Mill. Kunvarpato 8 Nyctaginaceae 13/1 Boerhavia diffusa L. - 14/2 Boerhavia chinensis Druce Satodi 9 Papilionaceae 15/1 Crotalaria burhia Bach. – Ham. - 16/1 Indigofera oblongifolia Forks. - 10 Papaveraceae 17/1 Argemone mexicana L. Darudi 11 Poaceae (Gramineae) 18/1 Phragmites karaka Steud - 19/2 Aleuropus lagopoides Trin - 20/3 Cynodon dactylon Pers. - 12 Solanaceae 21/1 Solanum nigrum L. - 22/2 Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. - 13 Typhaceae 23/1 Typha angustata Bory & Chaub -



3.7.5.4 Climbers and Twiners:

The climbers and twiners observed along the agricultural hedges and road side

hedges of the study area is given in the table#3.21.Total 3 climbers belongs to

2 families were recorded from the area

TABLE 3.21

LIST OF CLIMBERS OBSERVED IN THE STUDY AREA


1 Convolvulaceae

1/1 Ipomea pes tigridis L Wagpadi

2/2 Ipomoea pes-capraeL. Dariani vel

2 Cucurbitaceae

3/1 Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.J.Roem Galku

3.7.6. CULTIVATED PLANTS IN THE STUDY AREA:

The agriculture fields are restricted to very few isolated pockets in the study

area. During the survey period of May 2010, most of the fields were without

any cultivation. Khedoi, Sinugrah, Nani Nagalpar and Moti Nagalpar are the

only villages observed with large scale agriculture practice. Cultivation of

Vegetables like Bhindi, Tindora, ground nut are observed at Nani Nagalpar

and Moti Nagaplar villages. The crop occupying the highest percentage of the

sown area of this region is taken as the major crop and all other possible

alternative crops which are sown in this region either as substitutes of the base

crop in the same season or as the crops which fit in the rotation in the

subsequent season, are considered as minor crop.

3.7.6.1 Major Crops

Major crops in the study area are Bajra (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.f.), and

Jowar (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench),

3.7.6.2 Minor crops

Minor crops practiced in this region during winter are Makai (Zea mays L),

and Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum).

3.7.6.3 Pulses

The pulses cultivated in this region are Tuver (Cajanus cajan)



3.7.6.4 Vegetables

Bindi (Abelmoschus esculentus) is dominant vegetable crop of this area

especially at Moti and Nani Nagalpar villages

3.7.7 HORTICULTURAL PRACTICES AND FRUITS GROWN

Plantation of Phoenix sylvertris (Khajur or Dates) are observed at most of the

villages in the study area. Mango (Mangifera indica) orchards and Chikko

(Manilkara zapota) plantation and papaya (Carica papaya) cultivation were

observed in Nani Nagaplar village in the study area.

3.7.8 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE STUDY AREA: Plants are known for their therapeutic value and uses since ancient period. The

reference of curative properties of the some herbs in “Rigveda” (3500-1800

BC) though in brief, seems to be the earliest records of use of plants in

medicine. With the time more and more plants have been added to the native

medicine. Out of the 17000 known flowering plant species in India, about

7,500 wild plants species are reported to be used for medicinal purpose. Some

important work on Indian medicinal plants are from, Watt (1889-1893),

Ymoch et.al. (1890), Basu and Kirtikar (1918), Nandkarni (1954), Chopra

et.al. (1956) Jain and De Filipps (1991).

The medicinally important plants observed growing in the study area and their

usage is given in the table 3.22

Table 3.22

Medicinal plants in the study area and their medicinal uses

Scientific Name Vernacular

Name

Useful

parts

Medicinal uses

Acacia nilotica

Baval

Bark Astringent, biliousness, bronchitis,

cough, diarrhea, dysentery,

lecuoderma, piles, skin diseases

Flowers Astringent

Fruits Backache, eye complaints

Gum Sexual disorder

Leaves Diarrhea, gonorrhea

Seeds Diarrhea, dysentery, ulcers

Gum Cough, inflammations



Acacia senegal

Goradio Baval

Root

bark

Diabetes, urinary complaints

Seeds Demulcent, emollient

Stem

bark

Diabetes, urinary complaints


Name

Useful

parts

Medicinal uses

Ailanthus excelsa

Aurdso

Bark Asthma, astringent, bronchitis,

diarrhea, dysentery, fever, skin

disease

Leaves Tonic

Azadirachta

indica Juss.

Limdo

Bark Antiseptic, blood purifier, boils,

fever, tumors, ulcers, wounds.

Flowers Antiseptic, blood purifier, ulcers,

wounds

Fruits Anthelmintic, antipyretic ,coolant,

malaria, urinary diseases

Leaves Anthelmintic antipyretic, antiseptic

Balanites

aegyptiaca Del. -

Ingorio

Bark Anthelmintic, purgative, skin

diseases,

Fruits Anthelmintic , purgative,

Seeds Blood purifier, coolant, cough,

injury

Root

barks

boils

seeds Dysentery, fracture, liver disorder,

night blindness, piles, ulcers

Calotropis

gigantea

Akado

Flowers Analgesic, Anthelmintic,

astringent, expectorant

Leaves Malaria fever, wounds

Roots Dental problem, rheumatism,

stomach disorder

Root Asthma, diaphoretic, jaundice,



bark syphilis

Whole

plant

Anthelmintic, joint pain, leprosy,

lecuoderma, piles, purgative,

swelling, tooth ache, tumors, ulcers

Calotropis

procera

Akado

Flowers Analgesic, astringent,

Anthelmintic, digestive disorders,

expectorant,

Latex Analgesic, gout, rheumatism, skin

diseases

Leaves Sun stroke, wounds

Roots Boils, piles

Root

bark

Antidote, asthma, diaphoretic,

syphilis

Whole

plant

Anthelmintic, joint pain, leprosy,

lecuoderma, piles, purgative,

swelling, tooth ache, tumors, ulcers

Cassia auriculata

Aval

Leaves Asthma, fracture, swelling, leprosy,

Roots Asthma, fracture, swelling, leprosy,

urinary discharge

Root

bark

Digestive disorder, intestinal

diseases

Stem

bark

Asthma, astringent, leprosy

Cassia italica Sona mukhi leaves Digestive disorders, influenza,

purgative

Casuarina

equisetifolia

Sharu Bark Astringent, diarrhea, dysentery

Seeds Headache

Eucalyptus

citriodora

Nilgari Leaves Cold, fever, urinary complaints

Oil Asthma, bronchitis


Name

Useful

parts

Medicinal uses

Euphorbia

Thor

Leaves Ear ache, impotency, piles, tooth

ache



neriifolia Whole

plant

Anemia, asthma, bronchitis,

diabetes, lecuoderma, purgative,

rheumatism, schizophrenic

Ficus bengalensis

Vad

Aerial

roots

Aphrodisiac, appetizer

Bark Astringent, diarrhea, dysentery

Latex Coolant, sexual disorder

Leaves Abscesses

Roots Fracture, piles

Seeds Coolant

Ficus religiosa L.

Paipal

Bark Astringent, skin diseases

Flower Aphrodisiac, purgative, vomiting

Fruits Coolant and laxative

Leaves Purgative, antidote

Roots Jaundice

Root

bark

Aphrodisiac, lumbago

Ipomoea fistulosa Nasarmo Whole

plant

Anti fungal, antibiotic

Mangifera indica

Am

Bark Biliousness, coolant, diarrhea,

dysentery, leucorrhoea, ulcers.

Flowers

Leaves

Cancer

Gum Antidote

Opuntia eletior

Katar

Stem Analgesic, boils and wounds

Whole

plant

Asthma, cough, heart

inflammation, ophthalmia,

Salvadora

oleoides

Piludi

Fruits Ulcer in mouth

Leaves Purgative

Roots Dental problem

Whole

plant

cough, bronchitis, piles,

rheumatism

Roots Analgesic



Salvadora persica Pilu, Kharijal Whole

plant

Biliousness, inflammations,

lecuoderma, piles, skin diseases,

tonic to the liver

Solanum indicum

Ubhairingni

Fruits Dental problem, vermifuge

Roots Acidity, Anthelmintic, asthma,

bronchitis, carminative, cathartic,

cough, expectorant, fever

Stem Dental problem

Tamarindus

indica

Emli

Fruits Digestive disorder, inflammation,

laxative.

Leaves Analgesic, fever, skin diseases

Seeds Antidote, intestinal diseases

Source: C.N. Pandey, etal (2005) Medicinal Plants of Gujarat

3.7.9 ETHANOBOTANICLAL IMPORTANT PLANTS AND PRACTIC ES,

PREVAILING IN THE AREA

Man depended on plants since time immemorial. Our knowledge of the

intimate relationship between early man and plants is mainly due to the

surviving tradition. This relation ship now forms the base of the

interdisciplinary science known as Ethanobotany. The term “Ethanobotany“

was first coned by J.W. Harshberger in 1895. Plotkin (1995) defined

ethanobotany as the study of tribal people and their utilization of plants.

• Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae)

Leaves are smeared with castor oil and the lukewarm castor smear is

applied on the abdomen of a child for relief against pain due to

constipation. Used extensively in the herbal medicine.

• Echinops echinatus Roxb. (Asteraceae)

Roots and seeds of this herb are used to cure stomach ache and to increase

the appetite. Roots are pounded and mixed with Acacia gum and applied

to destroy lice, powder applied to cattle to destroy maggots, used in

ayurvedic medicines.



• Ficus religiosa L. (Moraceae)

Young buds and leaves are dried, powdered and given twice a day with

water as tonic. Leaves make fodder of choice for camels. Fruits are eaten

by birds

• Tamarindus indica L. (Caesalpiniaceae)

Pulp of the ripe fruits as well as a poultice of the leaves is applied

externally to inflammatory swelling to relive pain. Pulp is also very useful

for checking bilious vomiting; Poultice of flowers is useful in

inflammatory affection of conjunctivitis. Decoction of the leaves is used as

a wash for indolent ulcers. The bark is used for loss of sensation in

paralysis. The ash is given for urinary discharge and gonorrhea. The ripe

fruit is appetizing, laxative tonic to the heart, and heals wounds and

fractures. The seeds are useful in vaginal discharge and ulcers.

3.7.10 ENDEMIC PLANTS OF THE STUDY AREA

De Candolle (1855) first used the concept of “Endemic”, which is defined as

an area of a taxonomic unit, especially a species which has a restricted

distribution or habitat, isolated from its surrounding region through

geographical, ecological or temporal barriers.

Out of 17000 species of known flowering plants of India nearly 5000 species

are said to be endemic. Nearly 58 genera and 1932 taxa are found to be

endemic to peninsular India (Ahmedulla & Nayar, 1987). None of the

documented flora from the study area cab be assigned endemic status.

3.7.11 FAUNAL BIODIVERSITY OF THE STUDY AREA

For the documentation of the faunal biodiversity of the study area with respect

to birds, reptiles, amphibians, and butterfly species, a detailed survey had been

conducted among 20 villages in the study area, within 10 km radius from

proposed site near in Bharapar village, Gandhidham taluka in Kachchh

District. This report is based on a short duration study. The following lists are

obviously incomplete. It does not include many other species which might

occur in this part of Kachchh District, either as resident or as migrant in the

other seasons of the year. This data is based on the survey conducted during

May, 2010.



3.7.12 Birds of the study area:

• Few Birds in the study area are categorized as near threatened by IUCN

red list 2010. Their distribution is given in the table # 3.23 Systematic

accounts of the birds in the study area with the status of occurrence is

given in the table 3.24.

TABLE 3.23

THREATENED AND NEAR THREATENED BIRDS OF THE STUDY A REA

Species Habitat Threat status

IUCN Location

Painted stork

(Mycteria leucocephala)

Shallow water

bodies

Near threatened

B-11

Tuna village

Kandla Village

Black headed ibis

(Threskiornis

melanocephalus)

Near water

bodies and

agriculture

fields

Near

Threatened

B10/8

Tuna village

Kandla village

Source: IUCN Red list of threatened species 2010 and Bird life international

2009



TABLE 3.24

SYSTEMATIC LISTS OF BIRDS IN THE STUDY AREA WITH IT S

DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATORY STATUS

Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Status

I ORDER: ANSERIFORMES

Family: Anatidae (Ducks and teals)

Spotbill Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha R

II ORDER: APODIFORMES

Family: Apodidae (swifts)

Common Swift Common Swift Apus apus R

House swift Little Swift Apus affinis R

III ORDER: CICONIIFORMES

Family: Accipitridae (vulture, Sparrow hawk, Eagle, Harrier, Kite and Vulture)

Shikra Shikra Accipiter badius R

Black-winged Kite Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus R

Family: Ardeidae (heron, Egret, Bittern)

Cattle Egret Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R

Median or Smaller Egret Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia

Egretta intermedia R

Little Egret Little Egret Egretta garzetta R

Indian Reef Heron Western Reef-Egret Egretta gularis

Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter

Visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor,

Family: Charadriidae (Plover, Stilt, Oystercatcher, Lapwing, Avocet )

Black-winged Stilt Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus R

Red-wattled Lapwing Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus R

Yellow-wattled Lapwing Yellow-wattled

Lapwing

Vanellus malabaricus R

Avocet Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta rW

Family: Ciconiidae (Open bill, stork, Adjutant)

Painted Stork Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala R

Family: Phalacrocoracidae ( Cormorant

Little Cormorant Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger R



Family: Phoenicopteridae(Flamingo)

Flamingo Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus rubber

P. roseus

Family: Podicipedidae (Grebe)

Little Grebe Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis R

Family: Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse)

Indian Sandgrouse Chestnut-bellied

sandgrouse

Pterocles exustus

Family: Scolopacidae (Sandpiper, Turnstone, Stint, Snipe, Godwit, Curlew, shank,

Woodrock)

Curlew Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata

Whimbrel Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

Family: Threskiornithidae (Spoonbill and Ibis)

Black Ibis Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa R

Spoonbill Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia RW

White Ibis Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis

melanocephalus R


IV ORDER: COLUMBIFORMES

Family: Columbidae (Pigeon, Dove)

Blue Rock Pigeon Rock Pigeon Columba livia R

Ring Dove Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto R

Rufous Turtle Dove Oriental Turtle-Dove Streptopelia orientalis R

V : ORDER: CORACIFORMES

Family: Alcedinidae (King fisher)

Small Blue King Fisher Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis R

Family: Dacelonidae (King fishers)

White breasted

Kingfisher White-throated Kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis R

Family: Coraciidae (Roller)

BlueJay or Roller Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis

Family: Meropidae (Bee Eater)

Chestnut-headed Bee- Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti R



eater

Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus

Merops superciliosus R

VI. ORDER: CUCULIFORMES

Family: Centropodidae (Cocucal)

Crow-Pheasant or Coucal Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis R

Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter

Visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor,

Family: Cuculidae (cuckoo, Koel)

Koel Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea R

Indian Drongo Cuckoo Drongo Cuckoo Surniculus lugubris R

Cuckoo Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus R

VII. ORDER: GALLIFORMES

Family: Phasianidae (Peafowl , Partridge, Quail, francolin, spur fowl, jungle fowl,

Monal, )

Common Peafowl Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus R

VIII ORDER: GRUIFORMES

Family: Rallidae ( Waterhen, coot, crake water cock, Moorhen, Rail,)

Coot Common Coot Fulica atra RW

IX ORDER: PASSERIFORMES

Family: Paridae (Tit )

Grey Tit Great Tit Parus major R

Family: Corvidae

Raven Common Raven Corvus corax R

House Crow House Crow Corvus splendens R


Family: Laniidae (shrike)

Rufousbacked Shrike Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach R

Grey Shrike Northern Shrike Lanius excubitor R

Family: Muscicapidae ( Short wing, Chat, Robin, Shama

Indian Robin Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata R

Pied Bushchat Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata R



Family: Nectariniidae ( Sun Birds, Flower pecker, Spider hunter )

Purple Sunbird Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica R

Maroon breasted Suinbird Long-billed Sunbird Nectarinia lotenia R

Small Sunbird Crimson-backed Sunbird Nectarinia minima R

Family: Passeridae ( Avadavat,Pipit, Wagtail, Munia, Snowfinch, sparrow, weaver

,Accentor)

House Sparrow House Sparrow Passer domesticus R

Family: Pycnonotidae (Bulbul, )

Red-whiskered Bulbul Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus R

Red-vented Bulbul Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer R

Family: Sturnidae (Myna, Starling)

Bank Myna Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus R

Indian Myna Common Myna Acridotheres tristis R

Family: Sylviidae ( Warbler, Browning, Fulvetta ,Babbler, Laughing thrash,

Tailor birds,

Common Babbler Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus R

Jungle Babbler Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus R

Tailorbird Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius R

X. ORDER: PSITTACIFORMES

Family: Psittacidae (Parrot and Parakeet)

Rose-ringed Parakeet Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri R

Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread

Winter Visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter

visitor,

• Butterflies from the study area:

Butterflies in the study area (Core zone and Buffer zone) are restricted to few

places where Lantana camara and Calotropis procera was growing.

Butterflies observed during the present study are documented in the Table

3.25.



TABLE 3.25

BUTTERFLIES IN THE STUDY AREA

Scientific name & family Common name

Family Papilionidae

Papilio polytes Common Mormon

Family Pieridae

Eurema hecabe Common Grass yellow

Catopsilia Pomona Common Emigrant

Delias eucharis Common Jezebel

Ixias Marianne White orange tip

Family: Nymphalidae

Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger

Danaus genutia Cramer Stripped Tiger

Hypolimanas misippus Danaid egg fly

Mycalesis perseus Common bush brown

• Herpetofauna :

Reptiles observed in the study area are given in the table 3.26

TABLE 3.26

REPTILES IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Common Name Scientific name

1 Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin)

2 Indian Cobra � Naja naja (Linn.)

3 Common rat snake� Ptyas mucosus (Linn.)

4 Common Indian monitor Varanus bengalensis (Schneider)

5 Star Tortoise Geochelone elegans ( Schoepff.)

� Based on the information provided by the villagers (Secondary

information)

• Mammals:

o Core zone:

The wild mammals observed other than the domesticated ones in the

core zone is given in the table 3.27



Table 3.27

Wild mammals in the core zone


1. Three striped Palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum

2. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi

3. Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas)

o Buffer Zone

The wild mammals observed other than domesticated ones from buffer

zone of the study area is documented in the table 3.28

TABLE 3.28

MAMMALS IN THE BUFFER ZONE


1 Three striped Palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum ( Linnaeus)

2 Indian field mouse Mus booduga (Gray)

3 Indian Fox � Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw)

4 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi

5 Hare Lepus sp.

6 Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas)

7 Indian Hedgehog Paraechinus micropus (Blyth,)

8 Indian Wild Boar Sus scrofa Linaeus

�As per the information provided by the villagers consulted during the survey

(secondary information) None of them were sighted during the survey period

in the core zone and buffer zone).

3.7.13 ENDEMIC FAUNA OF THE STUDY AREA

None of the sighted animal species can be assigned endemic species category

of the study area.



3.7.14 MIGRATORY BIRDS AS WINTER VISITORS IN THE ST UDY AREA

Table 3.29

Winter visitors in the study area

Zone Winter visitors Resident and Winter visitors

Core Zone -

Buffer zone - Eurasian Spoonbill, Common Coot,

Whole study area - Eurasian Spoonbill, Common Coot,

3.7.15 STATUS OF THE FOREST, THEIR CATEGORY IN THE STUDY

AREA

No natural forest area as such was observed within the 10 km radius from

project site.

3.7.16 RECOMMENDED PLANTS FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMEN T

Greenbelts are an effective mode of control of air pollution, where green

plants form a surface capable of absorbing air pollutants and forming a sink of

pollutants. Leaves with their vast area in a tree crown, sorbs pollutants on their

surface, thus effectively reduce pollutant concentration in the ambient air.

Often the adsorbed pollutants are incorporated in the metabolic pathway and

the air is purified. Plants grown to function as pollution sink are collectively

referred as greenbelts.

An important aspect of a greenbelt is that the plants are living organism with

their varied tolerance limit towards the air pollutants. A green belt is effective

as a pollutant sink only within the tolerance limit of constituent plants.

Planting few, known pollutant sensitive species along with the tolerant species

within a green belt however, do carry out an important function of indicator

species

Apart from function as pollution sink, greenbelt would provide other benefit

like aesthetic improvement of the area and providing suitable habitats for birds

and animals.



3.7.16.1 Selection of plants for Green Belts:

The main limitation for plants to function as scavenger of pollutants are,

plant’s interaction to air pollutants, sensitivity to pollutants, climatic

conditions and soil characteristics. While making choice of plants species for

cultivation in green belts, due consideration has to be given to the natural

factor of bio- climate. Xerophytes plants are not necessarily good for

greenbelts; they with their sunken stomata can withstand pollution by

avoidance but are poor absorber of pollutants.

Character of plants mainly

considered for affecting absorption of pollutant gases and removal of dust

particle are as follows.

• For absorption of Gases:

1. Tolerance towards pollutants in question , at concentration , that are

not too high to be instantaneously lethal

2. Longer duration of foliage

3. Freely exposed foliage

4. Adequate height of crown

5. Openness of foliage in canopy

6. Big leaves( long and broad laminar surface)

7. Large number of stomatal apertures

• For Removal of Suspended Particular matter

1. Height and spread of crown.

2. Leaves supported on firm petiole

3. Abundance of surface on bark and foliage

4. Roughness of bark

5. Abundance of axillary hairs

6. Hairs or scales on laminar surface

7. Protected Stomata

3.7.16.2 Plantation along road sides:

Automobiles are the source of pollution of gaseous and particulate pollutants.

Component of green belt on road side hence should be with both absorbers of

gases as well as of dust particles. The choice of plants for road side should

include shrubs of height 1 to 1.5 meter and trees of 3-5 meter height. Medium



sized trees, alternating with shrubs are ideal for sorption of particulates and

gases.

TABLE 3.30

RECOMMENDED PLANT SPECIES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMEN T

Plant species Habit Tolerance

limit

Stomatal

index

Mode of

Regeneration

Acacia auriculiformis Tree Tolerant 10.9 Seeds

Acacia catechu tree 8.24 seeds

Acacia leucocephala ( Hari

baval)

Shrub T 12.01 seeds

Ailanthus excelsa tree T 13.01 Seeds, shoot,

root cuttings

Azadirachta indica Tree T 29.2 Seeds

Bougainvillea spectabilis Shrub T 32.53 Cutting

Caesalpinia pulcherrima

(White gold mohur)

Tree T 29.09 Seeds and

Cuttings

Calotropis gigantean Shrub T 9.93 Seeds

Calotropis procera Shrub T 10.32 Seeds

Cassia siamea Tree T 21.2 Seeds

Cordia dichotoma (Gunda) Tree T N.A Seeds/ stem

cuttings

Delonix regia ( Gulmohur) Tree Sensitive 14.38 Seeds /stem

cutting

Euphorbia tirucalli Shrib T NA Cuttings

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Small

tree

T 23.32 stem cutting

Ixora arborea Small

tree

T 17.3 stem cutting

Ixora rosea Small

tree

T 20.30 Stem cutting

Lawsonia inermis (Mendi) Shrub T 17.0 Seeds /stem

cutting

Mangifera indica ( Am) Tree T 30.77 Seeds/



grafting/

budding/

Manilkara zapota (Chikoo) Tree T 25.78 Grafting

Melia azadirachta Tree T Seeds /stem

cutting

Nerium indicum Shrub T 15.7 Cutting

Peltophorum pterocarpum Tree T 16.68 Seeds

Polylathia longifolia Tree T 22.27 Seeds

Sesbania sesban ( Shrub T 19.2 Seeds

Tamarindus indica Tree T 18.4 Seeds

Tectona grandis Tree T 23.48 Seeds

Terminalia alata Tree T NA Seeds /stem

cutting

Thespesia populnea Tree T 29.81 Seeds /stem

cutting

Thevetia peruviana Shrub T 27.8 Seeds /stem

cutting

Zizyphus mauritiana (Bordi) Tree T 12.4 Seeds /stem

cutting

T: Tolerant, NA =Not available

Highlighted species are most suitable for this locality, considering its terrain

and other existing vegetative cover in the study area

Sources: CPCB (March 2000) PROBES/75/1999-2000

3.7.17 Impact on flora and fauna in the region due to the project activity

Impact on flora and fauna in the region due to the project activities was

analyzed based on the following criteria



Criteria Significance Degree of impact envisaged and

management plan

Wild life

importance

No wild life was observed in

project site and immediate

surroundings. The wild life

observed in the buffer zone is far

away from the impact zone of

project activity. Any impact due

to the project activity on the wild

life in the study area will be

minimum and insignificant.

The major construction activities

from which air emission may

occur are; site preparation,

excavation, loading and unloading

of material, movement of

construction vehicles. To

minimize the air pollution during

the construction stage; Water will

be sprayed on road for dust

suppression.

During operation phase The

primary emissions shall be from

the Boilers of the Power Plant. The

industry will install Electrostatic

precipitators for reducing the dust

emission from different sources.

The flue gases will be discharged

through the stacks of adequate

height.

Full-proof air pollution control

system will be installed at

appropriate points of discharge.

Due care will be taken for the

concentrations remaining within

the prescribed norms.

The Turbine generator will

generate high noise. Noise from

TG will be controlled by providing

an acoustic enclosure or by

treating the room acoustically.

Dry pneumatic system is proposed



for handling of Ash. Steel Silo will

be constructed to store the ash.

Water will be regularly sprinkled

in the ash dykes and the approach

roads. Wall of adequate

height shall be constructed

to control the ash from dispersing

into Ambient air.

Floral diversity

and endemicity

From the data generated for the

floral diversity of this region, it is

clear that no rare and endemic

floral diversity existing in this

region.

No impact.

Faunal

endemicity

No endemic fauna was sighted No impact

State of

terrestrial

vegetation

Not much impact is envisaged on

the terrestrial vegetation due to the

proposed project.

No impact

Legal status

(National park,

Wild life

sanctuary,

Reserve forest)

No protected area within the study

area

No impact

3.8 WATER ENVIRONMENT

District Kutch, is facing water scarcity; in each village people have

constructed ponds to store the monsoon water. These impoundments provide

important sources of water for villages for their daily activity like bathing,

washing the cloth etc. Ground water sources are being used in some of the

villages for drinking and agricultural activities. A number of thick water

bearing sandstone occurs in Bhuj series at depths ranging from 10 –200 m

below the land surface. Ground water is available at depths of more than 15 m.



Most of the rivers in Kutch district are non-perennial; water is available only

during monsoon. All the rivers and streams start from its central portion and

flow towards the sea in the south or Great Rann in north and Little Rann in

southeast.

3.8.1 Methodology for Water Quality Monitoring

To evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of the water resources

existing in the study area, water samples from ground water source were

collected during the month of May-10 and analyzed for physico-chemical

parameters. Water samples from 06 ground water sources were characterized.

These sampling stations have been shown in table no 3.31.

Samples from ground water sources were collected by adopting grab sampling

method. The sample was filled into a sampling bottle. The physico-chemical

quality of water samples were characterized by adopting the relevant parts of

IS: 3025, “Standard Methods for Water Analysis” and the instruments used are

mentioned in Table 3.32 The details analytical result presented in Table No.

3.31

Table 3.31

Location of Water Samples

Station No. Name of location Distance from site(kms)

W1 Bharapar 0.37

W2 Shinai 5.32

W3 Kidana 2.83

W4 Tuna 2.95

W5 Mathak 7.52

W6 Adipur 7.23



3.8.2 DETAILS OF ANALYSIS METHOD AND INSTRUMENT USE D

Table 3.32

Analysis method and instrument used for water testing

NAME OF

PARAMETER

APPLICABLE STD

METHOD FOR

ANALYSIS

DETECTION

LIMIT

INSTRUMENT

DETAIL

Color appearance- pt-

co scale

Visual comparison

method

IS 3025(Part 4)-1983

1 Hazen Unit Color comparator

Turbidity NTU IS-3025(part 10)-

1984

0 NTU Turbidity meter

pH Electrometric Method

IS 3025(part 11)-1983

0.01 Name: pH meter

Total dissolved solids

mg/l

Gravemetric method

IS3025 (part 16)-1984

4 Hot air oven,

weighing balance

Total Alkanity as

CaC03 mg/l

Indicator method

IS-3025 (part 23)

1986

5 ---

Chlroide Cl- mg/l Argentometric

titration IS-

3025(part 32)-1988

1

Sulfate as SO4, mg/l Turbidity method IS-

3025(part24)-1986

2 Name: UV-vis

Spectrophotometer

Total Hardness as

CaCO3,

mg/l

EDTA-titrametric

method

2 ----

Suspended Solid, mg/l Gravimetric method

IS-

3025(part 17)-1984

4 Name: oven,

balance

DO, mg/l Iodometric method-

azide

modification. IS-

0.1



3025(part

38):1989

Total Kjeldhal

Nitrogen,

mg/l

Macro and semi

macro Kjeldahl

mehod

0.05

Total Ammonium

Nitrogen,

mg/l

Titrimetric method 0.05

Total Phosphate as

PO4,

mg/l

Stannous chloride

method

0.02 Name: UV-vis

spectrophotomete

Oil & Grease, mg/l Partition gravimetric

method

IS-3025(part 39)-

1991

1 Name: Oven,

weighing

balance

3.8.3 Physico-Chemical Characteristics

Parameters for analysis of water quality were selected based on the utility of

the particular source of water. Water samples were collected as grab water

sample in a 5-litre plastic jerry can and 250 ml sterilized clean glass/pet bottle

for complete physio-chemical tests.

The samples were analyzed as per standard procedure/method given in IS:

3025 (Revised Part) and Standard Method for Examination of Water and

Wastewater Edition 20, published jointly by APHA, AWWA and WPCF. The

groundwater quality analysis results are presented in Table 3.33



Table 3.33

Physcio Chemical Characteristic

Parameter W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6

Colour appearance-

pt-co scale

Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless

Turbidity NTU Nil Nil Nil NIL NIL Nil

pH 7.20 8.1 7.5 7.5 7.9 7.6

Total dissolved solids

mg/l

3200 7400 1250 1160 1359 1360

Total Alkanity as

CaC03 mg/l

1200 2400 375 325 450 448

Chlroide Cl- mg/l 1450 2450 350 325 425 465

Sulfate as SO4, mg/l 310 630 95 92 140 147

Total Hardness as

CaCO3,

Mg/l

2400 5600 960 900 1050 1045

Suspended Solid, mg/l 45 55 35 30 32 36

DO, mg/l 5.5 6.1 6.2 5.3 5.8 5.9

Total Kjeldhal

Nitrogen,

Mg/l

0.35 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.48

Total Phosphate as

PO4,

Mg/l

NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

Oil & Grease, mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

3.8.4 CONCLUSION

• Hardness varies from 900-5600 mg/l.

• Total dissolved solid varies from 1160-7400 mg/l.

• pH varies from 7.2 to 8.1



ONSITE WELL WATER SAMPLEING AT VILLAGE SAINAI

3.9 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The basic steps associated with impact assessment on the noise components of

the environment involve identification, prediction and evaluation of the

present exposure status of the workers (occupational) as well as general

population including sensitive receptors viz. School, hospital, post offices,

phone etc.

3.9.1 METHODOLOGY FOR NOISE MONITORING

Noise level standards have been designated for different type of land use, i.e.

residential, commercial, industrial area and silence zones, as per (The Principal

Rules were published by The Noise Pollution (Regulation And Control) Rules 2000

in the Gazette of India, vide S.O. 123(E), dated 14.2.2000 and subsequently

amended by the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Amendment Rules,

2000 vide S.O. 1046(E), dated 22.11.2000, Noise Pollution (Regulation and

Control) Amendment Rules, 2002 vide S.O. 1088(E), dated 11.10.2002 and Noise



Pollution (Regulation and Control) Amendment Rules, 2006 vide S.O. 1569 (E),

dated 19.09.2006 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986)

The community noise sources including traffic and other activities were also

monitored to determine the general noise pollution status. While selecting the

Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations, the due consideration was given to

nature of the receptor i.e., commercial, residential, and sensitive as well as the

other landscape features of entire 10.0 km radius area from proposed project.

Table 3.34

Noise monitoring location

Station

No.

Name of location Distance from site(kms)

N1 Bharapar 0.37

N2 Shinai 5.32

N3 Kidana 2.83

N4 Tuna 2.95

N5 Mathak 7.52

N6 Adipur 7.23

3.9.2 NOISE LEVEL

The noise levels were observed in the study area for night and day basis. The

noise level is well within the stipulated norms specified by the statutory

authority. The summary of computed noise level for all the sampling locations

are presented in table 3.35

Table 3.35

Noise Level

Station Code Day time

Db(A)

Night time

Db(A)

N1 44.4 42.4

N2 45.6 43.4

N3 44.3 39.1

N4 43.2 41.2

N5 48.2 44.3

N6 54.1 44



3.9.3 CONCLUSION

As from the above table we can conclude that the existing noise levels in the

study area were well within the prescribed norms of CPCB.



CHAPTER 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

Prediction of impacts is the most important step of environmental impact assessment.

Superimposition of predicted impacts over baseline environmental scenario gives the

ultimate environmental scenario. In the present study, baseline environmental

scenario was established through environmental monitoring data for the period of

March-2010 to –May-2010.

4.1 IMPACTS & MEASURES

As a first step, the entire process has been divided into a number of smaller

sub activities for construction and operation phases. The probable impacts of

each of these activities on various sectors of environment (such as air, water,

noise, socio-economic environment etc.) have been identified and listed.

The lists various activities of construction phase and their probable impacts on

various sectors of environment. The impacts are classified as long term

impacts and short term impacts.

The impacts are envisaged to be short term impacts, confined to construction

period only (10 months). Further, the magnitude of the impacts is envisaged to

be low, as the site and infrastructural facilities are fully developed. Mitigation

measures for significant impacts are discussed in respective sections.



TABLE: 4.1

Identification of Construction Activities and Probable Impacts

Construction Activities Sector Probable Impact

(A)Long Term Impact

Land Acquisition Socio–Economics • No displacement

Per capita Income Socio-Economics Local Labors will get extra source of income

Infrastructure

Development

Socio-Economics Basic infrastructure like road, hospital,

schools will be developed.

(B) Short Term Impact

Site clearing and

Leveling (cutting,

stripping, excavation, earth

movement,

compaction)

Air • Fugitive Emission

• Noise/ Air Emissions from

construction equipment & machinery

Water • Run-off from surface area

Ecology • Topographic Transformations

Transportation

and Storage of

Construction

Material/ Equipment

Air • Noise and Air Emissions from

Vehicles

• Fugitive Dust Emissions due to

Traffic Movement

• Spillage and fugitive emissions of

construction materials

Water • Spillage/ spread of debris material and

flow into streams

• Run-off from Disposal Areas

Soil • Spillage/ spread/ deposition of debris

• Conversion of land into waste land

Public Utilities • Increased flow of traffic

• Congestion on roads

Civil Construction

Activities

Air • Noise and Air Emissions from Construction Machinery

• Fugitive Dust Emissions due to Movement of Traffic

Water • Run-off from Construction Areas

containing Construction Material



Mechanical & Electronic

Erection Activities

Air • Noise & Air Emissions from

Machines/ activities

Water • Run-off from Erection Areas

containing Oils, Paints

Transportation & Disposal

of Construction Debris

Air • Noise and Air Emissions from

Transport Vehicles


Movement of Traffic

• Spillage and fugitive emissions of

debris materials

Water • Spillage/ spread of debris material and

flow into streams

• Run-off from Disposal Areas

Soil • Spillage/ spread/ deposition of debris

• Conversion of land into waste land

Below Table lists various activities of operation and maintenance phase and their

probable impacts on various sectors of environment. Most of these impacts are long

term impacts. However, the significance of most of these impacts is envisaged to be

low, as discussed in the following sections.



TABLE: 4.2

Identification of Operation and Maintenance

Activities and Probable Impacts

Operation & Maintenance

Activities Sector Probable Impacts

1. Transportation of

Raw material

Air

• Noise and Air Emissions from

Vehicles


Traffic Movement

• Fugitive Dust Emission due to

coal, fly ash transportation.

• Spillage and fugitive emissions

of oil

Public

Utilities

• Increased flow of traffic

• Congestion on roads

2. Industrial Use of water Water Generation of Industrial Effluents

3. Domestic Use of Water Water Generation of sanitary effluents

4. Process Air Flue gas emission from boilers

Noise Noise from Boilers and its auxiliaries

5. Storage of Fly ash in

company premises

Soil Spill of material

Air Fugitive Emission

6. Coal Handling Air Fugitive Emission

Soil Spill of material

4.2 MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 4.2.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The major construction activities from which air emission may occur are; site

preparation, excavation, loading and unloading of material, movement of

construction vehicles etc.

To minimize the air pollution during the construction stage; following

mitigation



Measures are proposed:

• Water will be sprayed on road for dust suppression.

• The sand and other such dispersible material will be stored at site for

Minimum working period.

• Tarpaulin or jute covering will be used wherever required to catch the dust

spreading into atmosphere.

• The equipment design shall be chosen for least suspension of dust/sand into

atmosphere.

These impacts on air environment will be negligible; short-term and localized.

4.2.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The noise generated from construction machinery shall be kept low by

keeping the moving parts serviced and properly lubricated. Working hours

will be restricted.

The noise impacts will be local limited to the premises and short-term.

4.2.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The construction activities will be associated with mechanical fabrication,

assembly and erection. These activities do not consume large quantities of

water. Make-shift sanitation facility shall be provided by contractors for

disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the work force. There shall be no

disposal of construction waste outside the plant. The contractors will provide

cooking fuel to the workforce this will check cutting & felling of already

scanty shrubs, trees available in the nearby areas. The overall impact on water

environment during construction phase due to the proposed power plant is

considered as short term and not insignificant.

4.2.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Proposed construction of plant will take place in the 56340 sq. Mtr and area

has been identified for the same. The construction of the proposed plant will

disrupt the land and soil strata, but the disruption is for positive causes on the

industrial land and the impact will be permanent.



The impacts on soil due to land disposal of solid wastes such as construction

rubble, campsite garbage and discarded topsoil may impact soil quality. No

quarry material will be required as the land is a gentle slope and mostly even

and will not involve major cutting and filling. During the site preparation

work, the excess soil generated will be utilized to level the areas with lower

gradient. The amount of cutting and filing is well balanced. The current

topography and usage of the area will be used as a basis for the development

of a reinstatement plan that will be implemented.

4.2.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

There is no tree cover in the project site, The construction work will include

the activities like vegetation clearance, cutting, filling and leveling. All

construction material will be sourced from authorized mines by contractors.

Thus, no significant impact on ecological environment during the construction

phase is envisaged.

4.2.6 IMPACT ON HEALTH & SAFETY

Interaction of local labour with outside labour force during the construction

may lead to transference of communicable diseases if left uncontrolled and

unchecked. Also adequate facilities for the health of construction workers will

be provided at the campsite.

4.2.7 RISK & SAFETY

The movement of heavy earthmovers, excavators, transporting vehicles during

the construction phase may increase the risk of accidents and injuries. A road

safety awareness campaign will be undertaken to better inform the

communities about safer road habits. Also adequate safety facilities for

construction workers will be provided.

4.2.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

During the construction phase, there shall be major positive impacts on the

socioeconomic environment of the region in the form of employment as direct

impact. The indirect impacts shall be brought about by way of establishment



of related service activities like petty commercial establishment, ancillary

establishment.

4.3 MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION &

MAINTENANCE

4.3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Fugitive Emission

The fugitive dust emissions during operation & maintenance phase from the

proposed coal handling system would be significant and the sources will be as

under:

• Coal Crusher

• Stock House

• loading/Unloading of coal

• Transportation of coal through vehicles

• Transfer of product through belt conveyor

Mitigation Measures

• The company will do regular maintenance of the bag filters and ESP.

• High efficiency bag filters will be used to reduce the dust emission from

transverse points.

• Transportation of coal and fly ash will be done in closed trucks only.

• Storage of fly ash will be done in closed silo.

Process Emission

Main source of Process emission is boilers. Adequate and efficient measures

shall be provided to keep the dust emission at a bare minimum level. Efficient

Collection of dust at sources, their de-dusting with efficient filters and

recycling the dust to process is the prime objective. Primary dust source shall

be the coal crusher house, screen house, fly ash storage/handling in Power

plant.

The particulars of most specific individual sources and their pollution control

measures are as follows:



Mitigation Measures

• The vent is attached to the bag filters of adequate height to disperse the air

pollutants to the satisfactory levels.

The vent will be regularly monitored for PM.

• Bag filters will be cleaned regularly.

• Stack height of boilers will be kept more than design height calculation.

STACK HEIGHT CALCULATION

Sr. no. Parameter Unit

1. Fuel Fired (All the three boilers) 38967 Kg/hr

2. % Sulfur in Fuel 1%

3 Sulfur flow 389.67 Kg/hr

4 SO2 flow(Qs) 779.34 Kg/hr

4 Chimney Height(m) calculation 14 x (Qs) ^ 0.3

5 Chimney Height (m) 103.19 m

• As per calculation stack height is 103.19 m. The company will provide

stack height of 105 m.

• It is proposed to install high efficiency electrostatic precipitators to limit

the outlet emission to 50 mg/Nm³ while the boiler is operating at its MCR,

firing worst coal having maximum ash content. The electrostatic

precipitators will have four (4) parallel gas streams, isolated from each

other on electrical as well as gas side. Gas tight dampers will be provided

at inlets and outlets of each stream so as to allow maintenance to be carried

out safely on the faulty stream, while the unit is working.

• Electrostatic precipitators will be provided with microprocessor based

programmable type rapper control system and ESP management system to

ensure the safe and optimum operation. Opacity meters shall be provided

at the ESP outlet for performance optimization and for remote indication.

ESP Transformer rectifier sets will use silicon oil as the cooling medium.

The dust collection hoppers below ESP will have a minimum storage

capacity of eight (8) hours while firing worst coal. The hoppers will have

heating arrangements to prevent ash sticking to the sloping sides and down



pipes. Level indicators to indicate and trip the ESP in case of high ash

levels in the ash hoppers while will jeopardize the safety

4.3.2 NOISE ENVIRONEMNT

The upcoming projects will not result in any significant impact on noise

environment. The minor increase in vehicular transportation due to increase

material handling will not generate any significant excessive noise. Hence,

there shall not be any significant negative impact on noise environment of the

study area.

Mitigation Measures

• Ear muffs shall be provided to the concerned personnel during the

operation stage.

• Equipment design shall be kept to keep the noise below prescribed norms

• Enclosures shall be provided to moving parts

• Periodical lubrication is carried out

4.3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water is essential for human, agriculture, industry and commercial use. The

industrial activity shall have direct impact on the end users. The water

environment broadly covers the following points for consideration of impact.

a. Industrial operations, their effect on water quality and ground water potential

of study area.

b. Identifying potential sources of pollutants focusing specifically on discharge

of the wastewater.

Mitigation Measures

• The company will not use ground water for proposed project. The

company will set up its own desalination plant with capacity of 5000 KLD

sweet water.

• The main source of wastewater from proposed project will be from blow

down and backwash from RO and DM plant.



• The major constituents in wastewater generated as Boiler blow down and

from cooling tower, are total dissolved solids (TDS) and that to be utilized

for dust suppression in raw material storage yard and sprinkling on the

road. Rejects from RO and filtration plant will be utilized either for

sprinkling or green belt development depending on characteristic of reject

water.

• The wastewater from the domestic activities shall be disposed off through

soak pit/Septic tank.

4.3.4 LAND POLLUTION BY HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS/SOLID

WASTE

The types of Solid wastes generated will be Bed Ash, Fly Ash, Coal Char and

Used / Spent oil. Management system for all such types of wastes is discussed

in this section.

a. Fly ash:

Ash which is generated at the various collection points shall be further

transferred into pneumatic ash conveying system. The ash shall be cooled

using air cooler so that it can be pneumatically conveyed. Fly ash which

escapes along with flue gases shall be collected using an electrostatic

precipitator shall be further conveyed to ash silo using pneumatic conveying

system. Fly ash thus collected in ash silo will be utilized in different activities.

These activities include cement plants; Brick Kilns; Construction activities.

Storage Capacity For fly ash

� Bed ash silo – 1x30cum capacity common for both boilers

� Fly ash silo – 1x400cum capacity common for both boilers

b. Used/spent Oil:

Negligible quantity of used oil shall be generated; which will be disposing off

to through registered recyclers.



c. Coal Char:

Coal char will be used up as fuel along with coal in Captive power plant.

4.3.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

There will be positive impact on the economic environment, Aesthetic

environment, character of community, employment centers and Commercial

facilities, community facilities and services. With commissioning of this

project, there shall be increase in employment generation. Along with the

direct employment in the industry; there shall also be indirect employment

opportunities; as the upcoming industrial activity may require many ancillary

products/services which are to be captured from the nearby available sources.

Further more, company is committed to do various social activities under

corporate social responsibility.

4.3.6 BIO-ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

A greenbelt development plan has been recommended. The company will

developed extensive greening of the area in the industrial premises using novel

technological agricultural methods/techniques using the recycled water. Base

on this experience, a further extensive high-density plantation is proposed to

be developed.

Dimension of green belt area is as under:

• Area proposed to be afforested : 55000 sq mtr

The impact shall be positive as the greenbelt will be developed on a barren

land in and around various units within the proposed site.



CHAPTER 5

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN From construction and operation activities of the process, environmental impact has

been identified, predicated an d evaluated to mitigate the standards specified by the

statutory authority and minimize the impact on eco system Environmental

Management Plan (EMP). Environmental Management Plan provided control

measures of potential environmental impacts. Environmental Management System for

different environmental

Types of Impact Mitigation Measures

5.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

A) Construction Phase

a. Excavation

a) Excavation:

During excavation, care shall be taken that the

excavator shall not release the sand from higher

elevation. The piling of sand shall be done

uniformly and proper storage shall be maintained

to avoid dusting because of wind. If required

temporary windshield barrier shall be provided

with help of galvanized sheets and bamboos.

Water Sprinkling shall be done continuously on

the site and periodically on the roads where

vehicle movement is more.

b. Mechanical Erection

b) Mechanical erection:

Fume generation shall be there due to welding

and allied activities; this impact will be

negligible and restricted to project Site. The

workers would be trained to use welding shields

and use safer practices.

c. Vehicle Movement

c) Vehicular Movement:

The proper maintenance of construction

machines shall be ensured and the engine oils



and filter shall be replaced regularly. When the

machinery is not in use the engine shall be

switched off. All vehicles shall be properly

maintained and should have valid PUC

registration. This has to be checked periodically.

B) Operation Phase Flue Gas

Emission

a. Power plant Flue Gas Emissions from CPP

Adequate stack height as per GPCB norms is

proposed to emit the gases. Electrostatic

Precipitator (ESP) to be installed with boiler.

b. Crusher House Crusher House

Crusher house shall be equipped with bag house

to control particulate matter.

c. Fumes in Ash Storage Fumes in Ash Storage

Dry pneumatic system is proposed for handling

of Ash. Steel Silo is constructed to store the ash.

Water will be regularly sprinkled in the ash

dykes and the approach roads. Wall of adequate

height shall be constructed to control the ash

from dispersing into Ambient air.

d. Raw material & Fuel

Handling

Unloading of coal by truck or wagons shall be

carried out with proper care avoiding dropping

of the materials from height.

• Water sprinklers at the raw material

transfer for dust suppression at belt

conveyor discharge / transfer point

Crusher / screen discharge locations

• Tarpaulin sheet will be covered on the

material during the transportation.

• Cover Belt conveyor system is proposed

for internal transportation.



v) Fugitive Emission

The Bag-house/dust collector will be installed at

appropriate transfer points like Raw material

handling area, Fuel storage area, Crusher house,

Screening plant, Stock bin area to minimize the

Fugitive emission.

Centralized de-dusting unit shall be provided to

control the fugitive Particulate matter

5.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT

A) Construction Phase

i) Sewage Waste Water i) Sewage wastewater:

It is the main pollution parameter during this

phase. Sewage wastewater shall be disposed

through soak pit and septic tank arrangement

B) Operation Phase

i) Industrial Waste water Industrial Wastewater:

During the operations phase the main source of

water pollution is from the blow-downs of Boiler

and reject streams of DM and RO Plants. Part of

this wastewater will be utilized for sprinkling

within premises for dust suppression after

treatment in ETP.

ii) Sewage Sewage wastewater:

Sewage wastewater generated shall be disposed

off through soak pit and septic tank arrangement.

5.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

A) Construction Phase During the construction phase the noise levels are expected to rise due to movement of vehicles, equipments and heavy machinery. The mitigation measures will include maintenance of the vehicles and heavy machinery and provision of personal protective equipment to the workers working in high noise level. This impact is supposed to be temporary and restricted within premises.



B) Operation Phase The Turbine generator will generate high noise.

Noise from TG will be controlled by providing

an acoustic enclosure or by treating the room

acoustically. A proper routine and preventive

maintenance procedure for the boilers will be set

and followed.

Personal protective equipment like earplugs and

earmuffs shall be provided.

5.4 SOLID WASTE

A) Construction Phase i) During construction phase major solid

waste generated is construction and

domestic solid waste. The construction

waste will be utilized for leveling and

road construction in plant premises.

Generated domestic waste will be sent to

nearest municipal solid waste landfill

sites.

ii) The used welding rods will be disposed

off through registered metal recyclers.

iii) Used oil generated from construction

machinery will be collected, stored

separately and sold to authorized

recyclers.

B) Operation phase i) Fly ash: During operation phase major

solid waste generated is fly ash. Action

Plan is prepared as per the guidelines of

statutory authorities; which will be

strictly followed. Fly Ash will be utilized

in Paved Block / Brick Manufacturing

Plant.

ii) Used oil: Very small quantity of used oil

shall be generated from the plant. This

shall be sent to approved recycler.



5.5 FLY ASH MANAGEMENT PLAN

Management system for ash is discussed in this section. The ash generated

will be handled as follows:

ASH HANDLING SYSTEM

The ash handling system envisages wet extraction and disposal of bottom ash

& wet extraction for fly ash. The fly ash shall be extracted in dry form from

the electrostatic precipitator hoppers and transported to storage silo as a


Wet bottom ash handling system

The bottom headers of the pulverized fuel fired boiler will be at 4m above

ground level to facilitate incorporation of the wet bottom ash handling system.

The system shall include water immersed chain conveyor, clinker grinder and

suitable conveying system up to bottom ash silo. Ash in silo will be unloaded

to trucks for further disposal.

Fly Ash Handling

Fly ash resulting from the combustion of coal in the boiler gets collected in

economizer hopper, air heater hopper, ESP hoppers etc. The ash shall be

evacuated to fly ash silo through dense phase system. From fly ash silo, ash

can be transported through trucks. Fly ash silo will have provision for 3 days

storage. Necessary fluidizing arrangements, downward unloading chute, ash

conditioning arrangements shall be provided in ash silo.

TABLE 5.5

The estimated quality of the proposed ash generation is as follows:

Sr.no. Parameter %

1. Silica 13.5- 15.5 %

2. Ferric Oxide 12.4- 14.7%

3 Calcium Oxide 21.8-22.7%

4. Magnesium Oxide 4.02-4.34%

5 Alumina 17.3-20.2%

6 Alkalies(NA20) 4.9-5.04%

7 Alkalies( K20) 0.29-0.39%

8 S03 18.3- 20.1%



5.5.1 ACTION PLAN FOR FLY ASH DISPOSAL

• Proper disposal of fly ash is one of the most pressing environmental issues of

the power sector.

• Fly ash shall be disposed and utilized as per the guidelines issued by the

Ministry of Environment & Forest. Based on these guidelines and looking to

the quantity of the fly ash likely to be generated from the proposed project, the

Brick manufacturing plant is proposed to install.

• The results indicated that the fly ash generated is a viable raw material for

brick production at the nearby brick plant/captive brick manufacturing plant.

The amount of fly ash that can be consumed will depend on the brick plant’s

production rate and the amount of ash that can be successfully incorporated

into the brick body.

5.6 RAIN WATER HARVESTING SCHEME

As per Indian meteorological dept (IMD) data, the area experiences very low

rainfall. The water holding capacity of the soil is very less in the region. The

depth of ground water table in the region is about 10 to 15 m below ground

level. Therefore, recharging of the ground water will not be possible.

However, in the project rainwater harvesting structure will be constructed

along the storm water drains. These drains will collect the surface run-off

water and roof top water during rainy days. There will be generation of surface

run-off from the proposed plant facility during monsoon season. The runoff

will be of two types i.e. runoff from the previous area of the facility site and

run off from the built-up area of the complex.

• Run-off from the Built-up Areas

The run –off from the paved surfaces of proposed plant will be routed through

a carefully design storm water drainage network and collected in storm water

collection sump.

• Run-Off from the previous area

The run-off from the pervious area will be routed directly to the rainwater

harvesting structures constructed at suitable locations as per the contours. For

augmenting the ground water resources in the proposed plant, number of

rainwater harvesting pits will be constructed and the internal drains where

excess rainwater flowing in drain will be diverted to these pits. These



structures will facilitate percolation of water in to the ground and thus

augmenting the ground water sources. The roof top water will be routed to the

storm drains. This will result in increase in ground water tables and to some

extent the improvement of ground water quality. The size and the location of

rainwater harvesting pits will be decided during detailed engineering of

project.

5.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Programs for environmental education and public participation may be

developed with the help of audio visual aids to create awareness about the

activities. Camps to apprise people of likely environmental hazards due to

existing and proposed faculties could be organized. Certain welfare measures

will be implemented for the benefit of local population. The operation of the

plant will generate direct/indirect employment for local population. Company

is committed to contribute funds for Socio-economic Development.

5.8 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

Total Power plant area: 56340 sq. m

Green Belt to be Developed: 55000 sq. m

Type of Species:

• Jatropha curcas (Ratanjot)

• Peltophorum pterocarpum (Sonmukhi)

• Albizia lebbeck (siris)

• Ficus benghalensis (Vad)

• Salvadora persica (Piludo)

Green belt will be developed around the periphery of the proposed project; this

will help in reducing adverse effect of pollution in general. 400 trees per Acre

will be planted for the proposed project.

Budgetary allocation along with year wise development plan is shown below:



Table 5.8:- Budgetary allocation along with year wise development plant

Year Area Nos of trees Budget in Rs.

2011 12000 9000 9 Lacs

2012 18500 11000 12.5 Lacs

2013 24500 12000 15 Lacs

Total 55000 32000 36.5 lacs

5.9 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL

A separate Environment Management Cell will be earmarked for monitoring

of pollutants and development of greenbelt as per Environmental Management

Plan. Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will meet at least once a month

to assess the progress and analyze the data collected for the month. Any

deviation/variation noticed shall be immediately taken into consideration for

improvement of the same. Yearly action plan of EMP will be updated with

respect to results achieved and proposed activities for next year.



ORGANOGRAM FOR PROPOSED ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL

Lab-in Charge

Dy. Env. Mgr.

Manager-HSE

General Manager Works

Director

Lab Chemist



5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING OPERATION PHA SE

Regular monitoring of important parameters is of immense importance to

assess the status of environment during plant operation. With the knowledge

of baseline conditions, a properly planned monitoring program can serve as an

indicator for assessment of any deterioration in environmental conditions. This

will facilitate undertaking suitable measures to mitigate adverse impacts

during the operation of the plant and further help to protect the environment in

the area. The main attributes for which monitoring shall be carried out are:

1. Ambient air Quality

2. Stack Emission

3. Wastewater Quality

4. Noise Level

5. Hazardous Waste

5.10.1. Ambient Air Monitoring

Air quality monitoring for Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide and Particulate

Matter (PM2.5, PM10) will be carried within plant & outside the plant

boundary.

5.10.2. Stack Monitoring

Stack emissions from boiler shall be monitored as per the given guidelines for

Suspended Particulate Matter, Sulphur Oxide and Nitrogen Oxides.

5.10.3. Water Quality Monitoring

The quality of the treated effluents shall be monitories as per the mentioned

parameters like pH, Temperature, Color, Oil & Grease, Suspended Solids,

Ammonical Nitrogen, Total Residual Chloride, Nickel, Hexavalent

Chromium, Total Chromium, and Total Metal content.

5.10.4. Noise Monitoring

Noise Monitoring will be carried our inside the plant, within the factory

premises and outside the premises as per the frequency and duration suggested

by the CPCB.



TABLE 5.10

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Sr. No. Activities Schedule

Meteorological Data

1 Wind velocity, Wind Direction,

Temperature, Relative Humidity

Daily or as required by statutory

Authority

Air pollution Monitoring

2 Stack Monitoring of flue gas

Stack

Once a month or as specified by

Gujarat Pollution Control Board

3 Ambient Air Quality within

Premises at 3 locations in upwind

and 3 location in downwind

direction.

Once every fortnight or as specified by


4 Ambient Air Monitoring at

locations outside premises at

Five locations 120o to each other

Once every Season or as specified by


Water Quality

5 Raw water Quality Once in Month

6 ETP outlet Once in Month

7 Cooling tower & boiler blow

down

Daily or as required by statutory

authority

Noise Monitoring

8 Work Zone Noise level Once every Quarter or as required by

statutory Authority

9 Ambient Noise Level Once in Month

Occupational Health

10 Employees Health Check up Once in Year



5.10.5 DO’s & DON’TS

Checklist in the form of DO’s and DO’NTS of preventive maintenance,

strengthening of HSE, Manufacturing utility staff for safety related measures

DO’s

• Always follow Safe work permit procedure.

• Always wear following mandatory PPE’s before entering the plant

• Ear plug/Ear muff

• Helmet

• Safety Shoes

• Hand Gloves

• Safety Goggles

• Cotton Cloths/suit

• Always follow Standard Maintenance Procedure(SMP) for maintenance of any

machinery

• In case of Chemical splash/Burn injury use Safety shower of nearby area.

• Report all the incident/accident/Nearmiss to top management

• Always follow the recommendation of incident/accident/Nearmiss

• Always use Assembly points for gathering during emergency.

• Always report unsafe condition/activities to seniors.

• Actively participant in Mock drill

• Do medical check up regularly

DON’TS

• Do not enter in plant without personal protective equipments

• Do not work without permit

• Do not use your own judgment/procedure for maintenance of equipment

• Do not open any container of chemicals which MSDS is not known

• Do not hide any accident/Incident/Nearmiss

• Do not take short cut always



CHAPTER 6 RISK ASSESSMENT

INDEX

Sr. No. Chapter Page No.

6.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6.2 6.2 INTRODUCTION 6.3 6.3 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 6.5 6.4 RISK ANALYSIS DUE TO STORAGE / HANDLING OF

COAL 6.14

6.5 RISK ANALYSIS FOR THE BOILER 6.22 6.6 RISK ANALYSIS FOR STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR

SET 6.25

6.7 RISK ANALYSIS FOR ASH HANDLING SYSTEM 6.27 6.8 RISK ANALYSIS FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

SYSTEM 6.28

6.9 PROPOSED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM 6.30



CHAPTER 6.1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

The enclosed Report on Risk Assessment for the proposed power plant of M/s Shree

Renuka Sugar Ltd., village: Bharapar, Taluka Gandhidham, Kutch (Gujarat) is based

on the study carried out in the month of May-2010

Main findings

The main hazards of a Coal Based Power Plant are:

1. Health hazards due to handling of Coal.

2. Fire hazard due to handling of Combustible Coal

3. Electrical hazards due to generation and transmission of power.

4. Other mechanical hazards in maintenance and operation.

5. Environment hazards due to air/water/soil pollution.

The present report addresses the risks posed by all the above hazards. Quantification

of risk was not possible due to the fact that no toxic chemicals are involved and the

radiative flux hazards due to any coal fire would be restricted primarily to the factory

premises.

As explained in the following chapters, the factory proposes to take adequate control

measures to ensure that the hazards do not result into any accident scenarios. The

necessary equipment / hardware would be provided at the design stage itself.

In addition the employees would be adequately trained to combat any emergency

arising out of fire in the coal yard.



CHAPTER 6.2

INTRODUCTION 6.2.1 Legal Requirements

The organization has intention to install and operate 45 MW coal based power

plant at village. Bharapar, Ta. Gandhidham, Dist. Kutch to full fill the process

steam & power requirement for sugar refinery.

The General Duties of the “Occupier” specified at Section 7-A of the

Factories Act gives different obligations of the occupier. These will be

fulfilled to a great extent as can be seen from the information provided here

under. The factory is setting up a facility to generate power using thermal

energy from Coal. The factory is thus classified as an Industry involving

Hazardous Process as per the First Schedule of the Factories Act, under

Section 2(cb) - Sr. No. 5 (Power Generating Industries). As per G. F. Rule 68

– I, related to the Approval from Site Appraisal Committee, the organization

has to give information in Form 1 – B. At section 11.2 of the format, it is

indicated that a copy of the Report on Risk Assessment Study should be

submitted. The present report would serve the purpose.

6.2.2 Basic Document

Risk Assessment ensures that all the relevant hazards are addressed, with the

aim of identifying significant risks in the workplace. In the present case, Risk

Assessment is being carried out at a very initial stage with the Detailed Project

Report document as the reference. The risks identified are indicative in nature

only. Once the facility is set-up and ready for operation, this study should be

thoroughly reviewed.

6.2.3 Scope of Work

After detailed discussions with the plant personnel, the Scope of Work was

finalized as below:

i) To carry out a detailed Risk Assessment for the proposed 45 MW

Power plant at village Bharapar, Ta. Gandhidham, Dist. Kutch. The job

would consist of :



ii) Study of the documents / drawings made available.

iii) Identification of Hazards in the plant in general and in particular in the

following operations.

Fuel

• Receipt / handling and storage of coal in the yard.

• Transfer of coal by conveyor belts.

• Storage of coal in bunkers.

• Crushing of coal to the desired size.

• Pollution control measures to control coal dust.

Feed Water

• The basic source of water is from the sea.

• Storage / treating of raw water and feeding the same to the boilers.

• Operation of RO/DM plant.

Boiler

• Operation of the boiler including feed water pumps, coal spreaders, air

pre-heaters, air blowers etc.

• Heat recovery system, including condensers.

Turbine operation and Power Generation

• Operation and maintenance of Turbine.

• Power Transmission Grid.

Ash Handling System

• Collection of ash from various generation points.

• Transferring the same in silo with pneumatic conveying.

• Disposal of Ash.

Air pollution control system

• Operation of ESPs.

• Control over quality/ quantity of Flue gases.



CHAPTER 6.3

PROCESS DESCRIPTION 6.3.1 PROCESS DESRIPTION

The company will set up 45 MW (1 No of 30 MW Extraction cum condensing

TG and 1 nos of 15 MW back pressure TG set) coal based power plant at

village Bharapar, Ta. Gandhidham, Dist. Kutch, by installing two nos of 70

TPH and one number of 110 TPH boilers.

Steam Boiler

Steam is generated in the two nos of Atmospheric Fluidized Bed boiler of 70

TPH at a pressure of 86 Kg/cm2 g by using Imported coal as fuel & water

from RO plant where Raw water will be treated in the water treatment plant as

per the flow sheet enclosed. The treated water with required parameter suitable

for high pressure boiler for the generation of steam. Coal from Coal yard

conveyed to coal crusher plant to make it to size below 6mm .Crushed coal

conveyed to bunkers & from bunker feed to boiler through spreaders

uniformly on fluidized bed for combustion & subsequently generation of

steam. Flue gas generated will go through APCD that is ESP(2 Nos) & finally

escaped to air through 105 Mtr. Height common RCC chimney with clear top

diameter suitable for two number 70 TPH and one number 110 TPH Boiler

(Future) with permitted emission level upto 50 mg/nm3.

The Coal Ash approx. 1300 kg/hr will be generated during the operation of

Imported coal. The Coal Ash is highly demanding in cement factories and Ash

Brick making Industries.

The boiler completely control by DCS System for safe operation. The controls

envisaged in the boiler are three element drum level controls, Deaerator level

control, combustion control, safety valve etc.



Fuel and Water Requirement

The boilers shall be used Imported coal of 21822 kg/hr as fuel for both the

boiler and raw water around 600 cu. M per day.

Steam and Condensate

For feed water to the boilers, it is proposed to use straight condensate from

exhaust steam used in process ensure good quality of feed water. The

delivery line of the pump of condensate from refinery is to be provided with

conductivity meter to ensure that feed water is not mixed up with any sugar &

other harmful chemical and in case it is mixed, the condensate is immediately

stopped automatically on getting the alarm/signal. The make-up water from

RO plant and extracted condensate from the air cooled condenser of TG set

will be sent to feed water tank / de-aerator and this will ensure almost no loss

of condensate from the condensate pit of turbine condenser.

The feed water will be pumped to de-aerator to be located near the boiler area.

One make up water storage tank and one feed water tank to be provided to

ensure that there is enough good quality water available and boiler does not

suffer due to starvation of water.

Make up water is required for shortages due to plant start up, brake down and

this will be meet through RO plant and sent to feed water system.

Raw water for cycle makeup 10 m3/hr,Raw water for cooling Tower makeup

12 m3/hr and Raw water for miscellaneous Purpose 3 m3/hr.

Grid Inter Connection for Export

Power generation for the proposed TG set is planned at 11.0 KV and

exportable power has to be stepped up to 66 KV from 11.0 KV generator

transformer to be located in switchyard within the cogeneration complex and

then to be synchronized with the grid. The grid synchronization will be done

at GETCO 66KV Substation.



For operating cogen plant, a portion of power will be stepped down to 11.0

KV/415 Volts for running of sugar refinery and auxiliaries etc. For this

suitable transformers are to be installed at various convenient locations at the

cogen plant area.

6.3.2 Equipments Details 6.3.2.1 15 MW Steam Turbine

15 MW TG- Shin Nippon Machinery Co. Ltd

Type -horizontal impulse, multistage, multi axial flow, back pressure, extraction, Gear(Down exhaust type)-B6-R7-ER(model) Output 1500KW(At Generator terminal)

Operating Condition:

Speed (Turbine/Generator) : 6515/1500 RPM Inlet Steam Pressure : 84Kg/cm2 A Inlet steam Temp : 5150C Exhaust Steam Pressure : 3 Kg/cm2 A Allowable Operation Range : 2.5-3.3 Kg/cm2 A Max. Ist Extraction Pressure(Un controlled extraction) : 8.9 Kg/cm2 A Max Inlet Flow 1st extraction flow : 0 & 3.9 to 13 t/hr Max. Exhaust Steam Flow : 85. 2 t/hr at 3 kg/cm2 A

Performance Table

Operation case Full Load Zero Bleed

Full Load 8 ATA x 13 TH

Partial Load 6 ATA x 13 TH

Inlet Steam Pressure(Kg/cm2) 84 84 84

Temperature( 0C) 515 515 515 Flow(Kg/hr) 85.2 88.45 65.9 Exraction Pressure (Kg/cm2) (Un controlled extraction at turbine nozzle)

8.9 8 6

Exraction Temperature (0C) 257 245 233

Exhaust Pressure (Kg/cm2) 0 13000 13000

Exhaust Temperature (0C) 155 154 171 Gland Leakage(Kg/hr) 300 300 300 Exhaust Flow (Kg/hr) 84900 75100 52600 Generator Power(KW) 15000 15000 10500



6.3.2.2 30 MW –Steam Turbine

30 MW TG- Model C8-R11-ERX

Type -horizontal impulse, multistage, multi valve axial flow, Condensing, extraction

&Gear(Axial exhaust type) Output 3000KW

Operating Condition:

Speed (Turbine/Generator) : 5500/1500 RPM

Inlet Steam Pressure : 84Kg/cm2 A

Inlet steam Temp : 5150C

Exhaust Steam Pressure : 0.18 Kg/cm2 A

Max. 1st Extraction Pressure(Un controlled extraction) : 8.11 Kg/cm2 A

Max. 2nd Extraction Pressure(Controlled extraction) : 3 Kg/cm2 A

Inlet Flow flow : 145000kg/hr

1st extraction flow : 0 & 6500 to 21630 kg/hr

2nd extraction flow : 0 & 36300 to 120940 kg/hr

Max. Exhaust Steam : 93370 kg/hr at 0.18 kg/cm2 A

Water condition 1st Expansion : 85 ata x 105 0C

Water condition 2nd Expansion : 8 ata x 45.45 0C

Performance Table

Operation case Full Load

Zero Bleed

Full Load

8 ATA x 13 TH

Partial Load 6

ATA x 13 TH

Inlet Steam Pressure(Kg/cm2) 84 84 84

Temperature( 0C) 515 515 515

Flow(Kg/hr) 85.2 88.45 65.9

1st Exraction Pressure (Kg/cm2)

(Un controlled extraction at

turbine nozzle)

8.11 6 7.7

Exraction Temperature (0C) 238 219 235

Flow at turbine nozzle kg/hr 9650 21630 12580

Flow spray water kg/hr 350 370 420

Pressure at termination

Point(Kg/cm2 A) 8.11 6 7.7



Temperature at termination

Point(0C) 200 200 200

Flow at termination Point(kg/hr) 10000 22000 13000

2nd Exraction Pressure (Kg/cm2)

(controlled extraction ) 3 3 3

Exraction Temperature (0C) 145 - 147

Exraction Flow (kg/hr) 120940 0 99000

Flow(spray water)kg/hr 1060 0 1000

Pressure at termination Port 3 3 3

Temperature at termination Port 135 - 135

Flow at termination Port kg/hr 122000 0 100000

Exhaust Pressure (Kg/cm2) 0.18 0.18 0.18

Exhaust Temperature (0C) 63.07 57.41 57.41

Gland Leakage(Kg/hr) 100 100 100

Exhaust Flow (Kg/hr) 14310 93270 28320

Generator Power(KW) 26700 28450 26500

The scope of each TG unit shall broadly cover the turbine and its integral

systems like Control Oil system, Lube oil System, Automatic Turbine Run-up

System, HP/LP Bypass system, Condensers, Condenser Air Evacuation

system, complete Regenerative Feed Heating system, Condensate Pumps with

drives, Boiler Feed Pumps with drives, LP Chemical Dosing system, Auxiliary

Equipment cooling water system, Instrumentation and Control devices,

equipment and systems such as Turbine Supervisory Instruments, Turbine

Protection and Interlock system, Automatic Turbine Testing system &

Hydrogen Generation Plant etc.



6.3.2.3 Boilers (70 TPH x 86 Kg/cm2 (A) x 520 +/-50C )

Boiler x 2

Type -AFBC ( Atmoshperic fluidised bed boiler)

Parameters : 70 TPH x 86 Kg/cm2(A) x 520 +/- 50C

Fuel : Imported Coal

Performance Table

Air Pre heater IN : 320C

Air Pre heater OUT : 1400C

Bed Temp : 900-950 0C

Superheater IN : 830-850 0C

Econimiser IN : 410-430 0C

Temperature at chimney : 140 0C

Steam Temperature : 520 0C

Steam drum : 305 0C

Super heater(I) IN : 305 0C

De-Super heater IN : 421 0C

De-Super heater OUT : 3600C

Superheater 2 out : 4360C

IBSH OUT : 5200C

Econimiser IN : 1300C

Econimiser OUT : 215-2200C



6.3.2.4 Boilers (2 x 110 TPH, 86 kg/cm2(A) x 520 +- 10)

TYPE- AFBC (Atmoshperic Fluidised bed boiler)

PARAMETER : 2 x 110 TPH, 86 kg/cm2(A) x 520 +- 10

FUEL: Imported Coal

Steam Evaporation capacity 110 TPH

Steam outlet temp. 520°C± 10

Steam Pressure at outlet 88 Kg/cm^2(A)

Type of boiler CFBC

Make of Boiler M/s Thermax,Pune

Type of fuel used Imported Coal

Efficiency of boiler 89%±2%

6.3.3 Fuel feeding system

• Make - M/s AG Engineering, Pune .

• Capacity of plant - 80 TPH

• Inlet coal size - upto 6”

• Outlet coal size - ≤ 6 mm

• Type of screen - Two stage screen

• Type of Coal crusher - Impact hammer type with dust collector system.

• Coal storage – Coal needs to be stored in proper procedure to avoid



• Manual crushing – It is required for the maintain the required inlet

size of coal to crusher, for which a arrangement of gizzly hopper is



• Primary coal screening – In this process the coal of required size is





• Coal crushing – The rejected size coal from primary screen is taken


size ≤ 6 mm.

• Secondary coal screen –The crushed coal from the coal crusher is


to boiler bunker & the oversized coal send back to primary screen inlet

conveyor through the bucket elevator,to complete the cycle.

• Coal storage at boiler bunker –After size preparation the coal is get



• All conveying system is provided with ZSS as well as emergency pull

cord switch.

6.3.4 Ash handling system

The ash handling system envisages wet extraction and disposal of bottom ash

& dry extraction for fly ash. The fly ash shall be extracted in Wet form from

the electrostatic precipitator hoppers and transported to storage silo as a


Wet bottom ash handling system

The bottom headers of the pulverized fuel fired boiler will be at 4m above

ground level to facilitate incorporation of the Wet bottom ash handling system.

The system shall include water immersed chain conveyor, clinker grinder and

suitable conveying system up to bottom ash silo. Ash in silo will be unloaded

to trucks for further disposal.

Fly Ash Handling

Fly ash resulting from the combustion of coal in the boiler gets collected in

economizer hopper, air heater hopper, ESP hoppers etc. The ash shall be

evacuated to fly ash silo through dense phase system. From fly ash silo, ash

can be transported through trucks. Fly ash silo will have provision for 30 days



storage. Necessary fluidizing arrangements, downward unloading chute, ash

conditioning arrangements shall be provided in ash silo.

6.3.5 Air Pollution Control System

The pollution norms of the Gujarat state with outlet emission restriction to

50 mg/Nm3 calls for the selection of latest ESP technology. The ESP

technology has been well developed now. The state of art ESP function is

explained in the following steps:

• The unit is going to install one ESP for two no’s of 70 TPH and one no of

110 TPH boiler with three no’s of operating field.

• The supplier of ESP is M/s THERMAX LTD.

• The design of the ESP will be done in such a way which can give the

outlet dust concentration of 50 mg/Nm3 with full load capacity.

• The opacity meter will be installed at the stack for the online continuous

monitoring of particulate matter concentration in to gaseous emission and

the proposed power plant will be operated with DCS technology

• In any unfortunate case of emission more than desired emission from ESP,

the control logic will be built up in plant DCS so that the utilization of

boiler capacity will be reduced as per desired outlet concentration of

particulate matter from the ESP and it will be ensured that the

concentration of particulate matter in to gaseous emission will not exceed

the specified norms of GPCB.

• In any unfortunate case when ESP trip/fall and we can not meet the desired

emission norms, the emergency shutdown system will activated for shut

down of the boiler/power plant.

• The unit will take all necessary measures for the preventive maintenance

of ESP as well as boiler as suggested by their supplier in order to achieve

the design efficiency of the equipments



CHAPTER 6.4

RISK ANALYSIS DUE TO STORAGE

HANDLING OF COAL

6.4.1 Coal Requirement

The plant will consume imported coal only.

Assuming the worst possible of scenario, in which the plant would be forced

to use the Indian coal, the peak coal requirement would be around 572 MT

/day. Considering the fact that the bulk storage facilities for coal are available

in the proximity of the plant, the plant proposes to store about 30 days stock.

The plant have open yard storage capacity is 15000 MT and shed capacity is

10000 MT.

6.4.2 Receipt / handling /storage of coal

Coal will be stored in shed area having capacity of 10000 MT.

Bulldozer and pay loaders will be deployed for the purpose of stacking and

reclamation.

6.4.3 Hazards in Coal

Handling

1. Exposure to coal dust in handling coal.

2. Fall of object [Coal Pieces] while collecting spilled coal below running

conveyors.

3. Fire hazard.

6.4.4 Control Measures to be adopted

Following safe operating work procedure & precautionary measures will be

adopted.

1. Work permit system will be followed strictly.

2. The supervisor & the workers will be trained for the work to be carried

out. They will be made aware of the hazards involved in particular

work & remedial measures to be observed.



3. Required P.P.E. as per job requirement be issued & their use be

ensured while working.

4. It would be ensured that the contractor would deploy well trained

physically fit workers for the work.

5. Authorized driver & cleaner only be assigned the work of driving the

vehicles.

6. Adequate lighting arrangement will be ensured in the coal yard & near

the equipment.

7. The workers will be using nose mask, safety shoes, gum boots &

helmet while working in coal handling plant to ensure their safety.

6.4.5 Hazards in Coal

Storage

Self heating of coal to its ignition temperature, resulting in what is called

spontaneous combustion, is a phenomenon identified with coal storage in

industries. Virtually all grades of coal (except high grade anthracite) are

vulnerable to spontaneous heating and ignition. Although the precise cause of

the spontaneous combustion of coal is not well defined, it is believed that

when coal is freshly mined, the fresh surface of coal pieces liberate absorbed

hydro-carbons, chiefly methane (in varying amounts), After the escape of the

absorbed gases, the exposed surface of coal particles get oxidized by the

oxygen in the ambient air.

1. The oxidation is very slow but heat is generated in the process. If the

heat is not allowed to dissipate, the temperature of the coal may rise

gradually but sufficiently enough to cause the mass to ignite. It is also

believed that this self heating of coal usually occurs in about 90 to 120

days after the coal is extracted in mining operations.

2. Oxidation in coal stacks takes place mainly from loosely packed coal

stacks and the consequent availability of oxygen in the voids of the

stacks. The rate of oxidation is high at the outer surface of the stacks

because of the availability of abundant oxygen there. The rise in



temperature, however, cannot be detected due to the dissipation of heat

by air movement.

This zone extends roughly up to a depth of 0.5m. The situation beyond

this zone, say up to a depth of 1.5m, is different. The coal in this zone

is also different. The coal in this zone also oxidizers fairly rapidly in

the presence of adequate quantity of air entering the stack, but the heat

generated in the course of this reaction is generally partially dissipated

through convection and conduction. The heat transfer from this zone

depends on factors like ambient temperature, rate of air movement

around that zone, free moisture available in the material and thermal

conductivity. The residual heat thus present in this zone further raises

the temperature of the coal mass until it attains the critical (threshold)

temperature i.e. the auto ignition temperature. Once it reaches critical

temperature, the coal in the zone starts burning and smoking and

eventually erupts in flames. Proneness to spontaneous combustion,

therefore, can be determined by ascertaining the critical oxidation

temperature or crossing point. The lower the crossing point, the more

is the proneness to self heating.

3. All types of coal, when exposed to the atmosphere, are liable to suffer

deterioration of quality through surface oxidation, but the extent of

deterioration differs from type to type. Under dry hot ambient

conditions, particularly in India where temperature in a shed could go

up to 45 deg C and humidity to less than 30%, the oxidation rate could

be high. It has also been observed that in large coal storage yards left

undisturbed for long periods, smouldering takes place at the surface

layers of the pile. In case of lignite, this phenomenon is more rapid.

Highly volatile coals are particularly liable to spontaneous combustion.

6.4.6 Control measures to be adopted during storage

Storage of large quantities of coal requires two conditions to be met viz. (i)

avoidance of deterioration in quality and (ii) avoidance of heating in the pile.

While neither of the conditions can be fulfilled completely, deterioration and

risk of fire can be reduced to a minimum by careful manipulation of the



conditions of storage. As basic necessary steps to avoid spontaneous heating in

coal storage, the following guidelines will be adopted:

1. The ground or floor where coal is to be stored will be thoroughly

cleaned of leaves, grass, weds, pieces of wood, cotton waste or other

organic waste and precautions taken to prevent such matter from

getting under, into or on the coal pile.

2. There will not be any steam or hot process pipelines or openings or

sewers under into through or adjacent to coal piles.

3. The floor and walls of coal storage bins will be of non-combustible

material.

4. The storage site will be provided with drainage facility to prevent

accumulation of water on the ground.

5. Special attention will be given to monitoring of the coal stack, floor or

wall temperature in excess of 420C.

6. The stack will be planned so as to facilitate dissipation of heat by wind

from the surface of the stack. Any barrier / obstruction to wind will be

removed.

7. Newly broken fines of coal are more susceptible to spontaneous

heating. Dropping coal from heights while piling will be avoided.

8. Conical piles will be avoided - this storage will be built up in layers by

roll packing – this helps to exclude oxygen and thus prevents fires by

discouraging spontaneous heating.

9. As far as possible coal piles from different sources will not be stored

together.

10. Coal stock should be limited in height. Low grade coal will not be

piled higher than 3 meters and best grade not higher than 4-5 meters.

Coal will be stored in mixed sizes as too many fines will be hazardous.

11. No standing timber or pipes, poles, etc. will be allowed in the piles.

These may give rise to formation of duct which allows sluggish air

flow which may be sufficient for heating the coal but not sufficient to

dissipate the heat.

12. It is recommended to locate coal yards at least 6-7 meters away from

any important buildings and other combustible storage areas.



6.4.7 Control measures to be adopted for prevention of Coal Stock Fires

During the period of low off take, coal stock generally tends to build up to

alarming levels. Since most of the grades of coal are susceptible to

spontaneous ignition if it is undisturbed for a certain period of time, risk of fire

exists in coal stacks. Following precautions will be taken for preventing spread

of coal stock fire:

1. Consumption of coal will be done on first in first out basis.

2. Temperature of the coal pile will be checked regularly. Specific

attention will be given to the sloped sides of the piles where vulnerable

air pockets exist. If pile temperature exceeds 70 deg C, the pile will be

opened and placed the over heated material in a separate small pile or

use it promptly.

3. Inspection of stack will be done to detect smouldering and organize

removal /consumption of the smouldering coal on priority and to

extinguish the flames in time. Such inspections are vital after the rains

as water falling on the surface and penetrating the coal pile may

aggravate and accelerate spontaneous heating by assisting oxidation.

4. Coal having high moisture content will be stored separately, if

possible, and used promptly.

6.4.8 Transfer of coal from coal storage to Boiler

Pre-crushed (or sized and specified for feed) coal is fed to the vibratory screen

by dozing or shifting. The coal from this screen will be charged to the

conveyor. A suspension type magnet will be placed suitably at the end of the

conveyor belt to separate magnetic materials from coal stream.

1. Coal storage – Coal needs to be stored in proper procedure to avoid



2. Manual crushing – It is required for the maintain the required inlet

size of coal to crusher, for which a arrangement of gizzly hopper is





3. Primary coal screening – In this process the coal of required size is



4. Coal crushing – The rejected size coal from primary screen is taken


size ≤ 6 mm.

5. Secondary coal screen –The crushed coal from the coal crusher is


to boiler bunker & the oversized coal send back to primary screen inlet

conveyor through the bucket elevator to complete the cycle.

6. Coal storage at boiler bunker –After size preparation the coal is get



7. The suspension type magnet will be placed suitably at the end of the

conveyor belt to separate magnetic materials from coal stream.

8. All conveying system is provided with ZSS as well as emergency pull

cord switch.

9. Transportation of coal from storage to boiler will be done through

closed belt conveyor belt system.

6.4.9 Hazards in Operations of Belt Conveyors

Like any other transmission machinery, belt conveyor’s present risk is injury.

Experience shows that conveyor accidents often involve fatal or very serious

injuries and severe damage to property.

1. As conveyor systems are vital links in the production chain, their stoppage

due to accidents or breakdowns can lead to serious business interruption

loss.

2. In bulk material transportation systems, excessive spillage represents

wastage of material, and emission of dust can present occupational safety

and health problems.



3. Most personal injury accidents with belt conveyors occur when hands of

persons are trapped in inadequately guarded nip points and pinch points

near pulleys and idlers.

4. Mechanical failure of conveyor components due to deficiencies in design

and operational and maintenance procedures also render the conveyor

systems hazardous.

5. Spillage of materials, fires from friction, overheating, static charge and

other electrical sources are the other typical hazards encountered in belt

conveyor systems.

6.4.10 Emergency Procedure for Handling Coal Fire Description :

Coal stack of full height (eight meters) and a length of 10 m on fire or

smoldering below the surface on the entire length shall be considered as an

emergency. (The dimensions mentioned above are indicative only.

Uncontrolled fire in a portion of coal stack yard shall be treated an

emergency).

Resources:

a. Availability of fire hydrant and spray system around the stack yard.

b. Fire fighting tenders.

c. Portable diesel fire fighting pump.

d. Trained fire fighting personnel.

e. Earth moving equipment (2 nos. dozers & one pay loader).

f. 200 m of fire fighting hose along with different kinds of nozzles.

Procedure:

1. On observation of emergency fire situation in coal stack yard operation

engineer shall immediately report to Emergency control centre(ECC).

2. On receipt of communication from ECC all key personnel shall reach to

designated emergency control centre.

3. Work incident controller shall ensure containing of the fire affected stack

yard by cutting of coal on either side of coal stack by means of available

machinery such as dozers.



4. The coal so removed shall be transported to the unaffected portion of the

stack yard or adjacent stack yard.

5. After ensuring complete isolation of the affected portion of stack yard,

press spray of water from water hydrant from all possible directions along

with tenders. Ensure quenching of flames and smoldering coal.

Spontaneous hibernation of steam from the quenched coal stack should not

be a cause of worry, however care to be exercised that persons involved in

tackling the emergency does not get hurt by the steam burst.

6. Excess fire fighting water going through the drain shall be contained in the

holding pond and shall be released only after complete settling of coal in

the holding pond.

7. After containing the fire completely, press dozers in service and compact

the coal further.

8. Reclaim the partially burnt coal at the earliest opportunity to bunker.

6.4.11 Crushing of Coal to the desired size

A non-reversible impactor (size 1200mm dia. X 1200mm width) would be

used for the purpose of crushing of coal from a size of 75 / 150 mm to 0 /

6mm.

The capacity of the machine would be around 90tons / hr, which is matching

with the peak requirement of about 700MT per day.

Following precautions related to safety would be taken while installing the

machine:

• It will be ensured that there is ready access to the Grease Nipple.

• Sufficient clearance will be kept between ground and discharge chutes

for fitting of discharge conveyor.

• It will be ensured that the side door is accessible and does not foul on

surrounding structure.

• V belts will be tightened as specified.

• A magnetic separator will be provided to avoid ingress of any non-

crushable material.



CHAPTER 6.5

RISK ANALYSIS FOR THE BOILER

6.5.1 Equipment

The boiler will be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of latest

IBR rules and regulations and will have a valid registry with the Chief

Inspector of Boilers.

6.5.2 Description

Type -AFBC (Atmospheric fluidized bed boiler)

1 x 70 TPH

2 x 110 TPH

With Single – Drum, Natural Circulation, Balanced Draft, Top Supported,

Water Tube, Semi-Outdoor

Make: M/s THERMAX LTD which is IBR approved.

6.5.3 Controls

a. Three elements drum Level control.

b. De aerator level control

c. Pressure control valves with require ed manual isolation valves.

d. Combustion control

e. Instruments and fittings include :

i) Level switch for very low and high level.

ii) Local temperature Gauge.

iii) Temperature transmitter for DCS display.

iv) Level Gauge and Pressure Gauge.

v) Pressure transmitter.

vi) Level transmitter.



Safety Margins

� To Generate 45 MW power total 234 TPH steam required.

� The unit will need to run the boilers at maximum of @ 92 % capacity.

� Pressure release valve(PSV) will be installed to release the pressure higher

than the set value.

6.5.4 Electrostatic Precipitator

Make: M/s THERMAX Ltd

The unit is going to install one ESP for two no’s of 70 TPH and one no of 110

TPH boiler with four no’s of operating field to limit the pollution level with

all fields in service to 50 mg/Nm3 (wet on actual O2 basis) with Imported coal

at the outlet with complete accessories including emitting and collecting

electrodes, transformer sets, Rapping mechanism, local control panel and

hoppers. ESP will be supported on steel structure starting from +300 mm

level.

Safety Margin

• The opacity meter will be installed at the stack for the online continuous

monitoring of particulate matter concentration in to gaseous emission and the

proposed power plant will be operated with DCS technology

• In any unfortunate case of emission more than desired emission from ESP, the

control logic will be built up in plant DCS so that the utilization of boiler

capacity will be reduced as per desired outlet concentration of particulate

matter from the ESP and it will be ensured that the concentration of particulate

matter in to gaseous emission will not exceed the specified norms of GPCB.

• In any unfortunate case when ESP trip/fall and we can not meet the desired

emission norms, the emergency shutdown system will activated for shut down

of the boiler/power plant.

• The unit will take all necessary measures for the preventive maintenance of

ESP as well as boiler as suggested by their supplier in order to achieve the

design efficiency of the equipments



6.5.5 Local Field Instruments

Thermocouples to measure the following:

• Bed temperature (Two in each compartment 1 Top + 1 Bottom).

• Furnace temperature.

• Main steam temperature.

• Steam temperature after attemperator.

Temp. gauges to measure the following :

• Flue gas temperature before economizer.

• Flue gas temperature before air heater.

• Flue gas temperature after air heater.

• Feed water temperature before economizer.

• Feed water temperature after economizer.

• Air temperature after air pre-heater.

• De-aerator steam / water temperature.

Pressure gauges to measure the following:

• Steam pressure at steam drum.

• Feed line pressure.

• Super heater steam outlet pressure.

• De-aerator steam pressure.

Draught gauges to measure the following:

• Air Box pressure.

• Flue gas at Economizer inlet pressure.

• Flue gas at Economizer outlet pressure.

• Flue gas at Air-heater outlet.

• Air at Air-heater inlet.

6.5.6 Noise level

85 dBA at 1.0 m distance for rotating equipment except Boiler Feed Pump

which will be 92 dBA at 1 m distance. For safety valves and start up vent with

silencers 110 dBA at 3.0 m distance. These values are within the acceptable

levels specified under Gujarat Factories Rules.



CHAPTER 6.6

RISK ANALYSIS FOR STEAM TURBINE

GENERATOR SET

6.6.1 Design The turbine will be designed as per DIN standards.

Operating medium: Superheated Water Steam. The above consumption data

apply at steady state operating conditions, with the control valves fully open,

deposit-free balding and clean surfaces of the cooling equipment, in

accordance with the rules for "thermal acceptance tests of steam turbines (VDI

– Rules of Steam Turbines) DIN 1943, edition of February 1975.

6.6.2 Protection functions

Turbine protection for:

• Over speed protection

• Governor emergency trip

• Axial Vibration high

• Lube oil pressure low.

• Control oil pressure low.

• Manual trip

• Remote trip

• Bearing temperature high.

• Alarm on Live steam temperature low.

• Alarm on Live steam pressure low.

6.6.3 Machine noise

The machine noise level shall be determined according to DIN 45 635 and

evaluated according to ISO/TC43. The plant quoted will not exceed a noise

level of 90 dB(A) above the turbine table slab in any octave band without

noise hood.



The noise level under floor will not exceed 90 dB(A) provided that the

influence of the ambient noise is less than 3 dB(A).

The measurements shall be taken at a distance of 1 m maximum from the

machine surface of the turbo set above the foundation table slab.

The influence of extraneous noises and acoustic reflections of the room shall

be taken into consideration when evaluating the measured values.



CHAPTER 6.7

RISK ANALYSIS FOR ASH HANDLING

SYSTEM

Various ash discharge point in a FBC boiler are as below:

Convection bank / Economizer / Air heater / Electro static precipitator. Hopper will be

provided below all these discharge points. For controlling the dust emission in the

plant due to fly-ash discharge, dense phase ash handling is envisaged. In this system

ash will be mixed with pressurized air and ash will be discharged in a ash silo where

ash and air will be separated out. Then ash will be loaded in the transport vehicle and

will be disposed of for cement plant and land filling.



CHAPTER 6.8

RISK ANALYSIS FOR AIR POLLUTION

CONTROL SYSTEM The pollution norms of the Gujarat state with outlet emission restriction to less than

50 mg/Nm3 calls for the selection of latest ESP technology. The ESP technology has

been well developed now. The state of art ESP function is explained in the following

steps:

The particles must be charged through exposure to a high voltage field. The charged

particles are collected on both the discharge and collecting electrodes. The electrodes

are rapped to remove the collected particulate. The particulate settles in the hopper

and is removed from the precipitator.

Particle charging occurs as a result of the development of a high negative DC voltage

between the negative discharge electrode and the grounded collecting electrodes. At

and above a critical voltage, the dielectric strength of the gas medium is exceeded,

and a corona discharge takes place in the region of the negatively charged discharge

electrode. The corona discharge is a visible manifestation of the ionization of the gas

between the discharge and collecting electrodes. The presence of this potential

difference accelerates naturally occurring free electrons in the vicinity of the

discharge electrode. These free electrons collide violently with gas molecules and

strip them of electrons.

A minority of the particles is collected as the positive ions collide with and carry ash

particles to the discharge electrodes. The majorities of the particles are collected as

the electrons moving toward the grounded collecting electrodes collide with and are

captured by electronegative gases to form negative ions that collide with and carry

dust particles to the collecting electrodes.

The dust particles accumulate on both the discharge and collecting electrodes over a

period of time. Both sets of electrodes must be cleaned to allow continuing ionization



at the discharge electrodes and to prevent back ionization, or back corona, at the

collecting electrodes. The electrodes are cleaned by rapping them sharply. This

imparts a vibration to the electrodes that has the effect of dislocating the dust through

a combination of the amplitude and frequency of the vibration. The two main goals of

rapping are to maximize the percentage of the dust that is dislocated from the

electrodes and to minimize the percentage of dust that is re-entrained into the gas

stream.

Particulate is removed from the precipitator after being rapped off of the electrodes

and settling into the dust hoppers (or wet bottom / drag bottom as the case may be).

Heaters are provided on hoppers to help keep the settled dust free flowing. The

specific features like higher surface area of collection electrodes, higher number of

fields, better rapping mechanism ensure the Gujarat Pollution Control Board norms of

particulate matter of less than 50 mg/Nm3.



CHAPTER 6.9

PROPOSED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

6.9.1 General Information

CODES AND STANDARD:

The Codes and Standard described below are applied to the designing and

manufacturing of the equipment/ material proposed:

SYSTEM DESIGN:

Tariff Advisory Committee Regulations.

EQUIPMENT DESIGN:

• I.S.I. Standards.

• TAC regulations.

6.9.2 Pressurized Hydrant System

The Hydrant is located around building to be protected and is connected by a

ring main of underground pipe to the delivery of pumping set. As per TAC

regulation the Pipeline is in form of a ring main, and the maximum number of

Hydrant points in a terminal do not exceed five. Risers have been provided in

the system to protect upper floors. In Power House and in storage yard Water

Monitors has been provided.

In this complex the number of Hydrant Points are 54 and 11 nos. of fire

monitor, hence the pump capacity is 273 m3/ hr. We have designed the system

hydraulically ensuring a minimum 3.50 Kg/Sq.cm water pressure is available

at the remotest hydrant point.

Necessary isolation i.e. sluice valves are provided at suitable location to

facilitate isolation of any particular pipeline for maintenance, or ensuring

water reaches by the shortest route to the area desired in case of fire.



The system has been designed in Ordinary Hazard category and Hydrants

suitably spaced at 45m interval. Along with each landing valve two sets of

hoses, each of 15 m long one branch pipe are placed in a hose box. System

shall be designed to operate on Automatic Mode but stopping of the main

pump shall be done manually. For maintaining the pressure in the system a

Jockey pump has been included which shall start automatically on drop in

pressure and stop automatically when the pressure reaches the pressurized

level. The water supply to the system is from one electrically driven pumping

set of 273 m3/hr capacity operating at 88 MWC head & at 1450 rpm. Pump

proposed is suitable for 54 Hydrant points and 11 nos. of fire monitor. A Stand

by pump of the same capacity is also provided. The pumps draw water from a

water reservoir.

6.9.3 Main Fire Pump

Electrical driven pump, of capacity 273 cum/hr at 7 Kg/cm2, running at 1450

rpm. The Pump shall have Cast Iron casing, Bronze Impeller, Sleeves and SS

Shaft.

6.9.4 Diesel Engine Driven Fire Pump

273 M3/HR. 88 MWC pump suitable for Diesel Engine drive with coupling.

The Pump shall have Cast Iron Casing. Bronze Impeller and SS Shaft. Diesel

Engine complete with Flywheel housing. Exhaust manifold (day vibration

Damper. Air cleaner, Fuel Pump, Mechanical variable speed Governor, Heat

Exchanger, Fuel Filter, Lube oil filter, Fuel Oil Pump, 24 V.D.C. Starting and

battery charging system, Plant Engine Support, Instrumentation panel

consisting of starter switch - LO Pressure gauge, LO Temp Gauge, water

temperature gauge and Ammeter, Safety Control for alarming of low oil

Pressure and high water temperature, dry type silencer, flexible coupling/fuel

lines. Techno Motor (Mechanical), Fuel Houses water heater with Thermostat

switch, exhaust pipe, Batteries, Fuel Oil Tank, Cooling Water piping and

starter panel.



6.9.5 Pressurization (Jockey Pump)

To keep the Hydrant system in a pressurized state a Jockey Pump is employed

of capacity 10.8 m33/hr with 88 MWC.

6.9.6 Others Accessories

Sr. No. Description Nos

1. Common MCC panel for main pump and jockey pump 01

2 Diesel engine control panel for diesel engine driven standby pump

with complete auto/manual switch, indication lamps, protective fuse

with battery chargers suitable for working on 230 V, AC, single

phase, enclosure being vermin & dust proof with interconnecting

cabling between battery, diesel engine instrument box and diesel

engine control panel.

01

3 0-200 PSI range, pressure gauge ½” NPT bottom entry 6” dial

weather proof with stainless steel internals with isolation cock.

04

4 Indicative type pressure switch having ½ “ NPT connection IP:32

encl. protection , bronze bellow as sensing element, SPDT contact

system, switch rating 6A inductive/10A resistive 380.02 A

inductive/10A resistive 250 V DC suitable for Max pressure range of

230 psi with isolation cock.

04

6.9.7 Functions Automatic Mode

This mode, as selected on the Pump set mode switch provides for complete

Un-attended operation. When the mode switch is put in "Auto" position, the

operation of the Diesel Engine Pumping set is as follows:

• While normal water pressure is above 3.00 Kg/Cm2 the Diesel Engine

Driven Pump shall be at rest.

• When the water pipe line pressure switch for Diesel Engine is actuated on

water pressure dropping to a pre set level, the control system shall actuate

the Pumping set.



• When the Diesel Engine Driven Pump is to be switched off, this shall be

done manually. On shutting down the pump is ready for the next operation.

Off Mode

The Off-Mode, as selected on the unit mode switch, all functions from the

Panel are in Off condition. Battery Charging System however does not remain

effected.

Manual Mode

The Manual Mode of operation as selected on the unit mode switch is different

from the Automatic Mode that the Diesel Fire Pump has to be started

manually by the operator by pressing the "START" push button. To ensure

Engine stops, the "STOP" push button should remain in pressed position, till

the engine stops completely, otherwise the engine shall start again.

6.9.7 Unit protection

A three attempt starting facility is provided for the Engine and if it fails to start

in all the three attempts (from receiving the starting signal) the set is locked

out automatically and an Audible and Visual indication alarm is given.

6.9.8 Diesel Engine Protection

Low Lube Oil Pressure –

In case of engine lube oil pressure falling below a pre-set value the Diesel Fire

Pump shall be brought to rest.

Engine High Water Temperature –

In case the Engine Cooling Water Temperature goes above a pre-set value the

pumping set shall be brought to rest. On receiving the above faults and engine

being tripped, the engine mounted safety switch should be reset manually.

Engine comes back to normal and Diesel Engine Panel is ready for the next

operation.



High Lube Oil Temperature –

On receiving the above faults and engine being tripped, the engine mounted

safety switch should be reset manually. Engine comes back to normal and

Diesel Engine Panel is ready for the next operation.

Over Speed Shut Down –

On receiving the above faults and engine being tripped, the engine mounted

safety switch should be reset manually. Engine comes back to normal and

Diesel Engine Panel is ready for the next operation.

6.9.9 Air Vessel

It is used for compensating slight losses in pressure, and is of size 300 mm

diameter and 1500 mm long, with dished ends. Each Air Vessel consists of :

Inlet Valve, Drain Valve, Vent Valve

This is mounted on the delivery side of common delivery header.

6.9.10 Strainer

Strainer is used on the suction side of the pumps to ensure filtered water is

available to the pumps. The body is of fabricated construction and the filter is

so designed to ensure cleaning by removing the cover plate. The strainer is

designed to ensure minimum pressure loss. Pressure gauges provided on

upstream and downstream side measure the pressure differential. Flanges are

drilled to make the counter flanges available.

6.9.11 Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge shall be of dial type with bourdon tube element of SS 316.

The Gauge shall be of reputed make. The dial size shall be ½” die and scale

division shall be in metric units marked clearly in black on a white dial. The

range of Pressure Gauge shall be 0 to 16 Kg/Cm2.

6.9.12 Pressure Switch

The pressure switches shall be employed for starting and shutting down

operation of the pumps automatically, dictated by line pressure.



Indicative type pressure switch having ½ “ NPT connection IP:32 encl.

protection , bronze bellow as sensing element, SPDT contact system, switch

rating 6A inductive/10A resistive 380.02 A inductive/10A resistive 250 V DC

suitable for Max pressure range of 230 psi with isolation cock.

It shall be provided waterproof and weatherproof enclosure with IP 66 rating

in Aluminum. All other parts including pressure element and wetted parts shall

be Stainless Steel.

The pressure switches shall be Snap acting with 2 sets of NO + NC contacts.

6.9.13 Set of Pipelines

Consist of above ground and under ground pipelines. The underground

pipelines will be given anticorrosion treatment.

6.9.14 Set of valves

Consisting of sluice valve, non-return valves, landing valves etc.

6.9.15 RRL Hose

“FIRE CHIEF” brand, cotton/synthetic fiber , circular woven jacketted,

rubberised fabric reinforced rubberlined (RRL) fire hose, delivery, treated

against not with MYSTOX, bearing IS 636 type 2 mark, 35.7 Kg/cm2 burst

having T.A.C. and M.M.D. approval.

6.9.16 Branch Pipes

Branch pipe, short, SS 304, 63 MM male instantaneous inlet, male threaded

outlet, complete with 5/8” bore nozzle as per IS: 903 mark.

6.9.17 Hose Boxes

These are used for accommodating Fire Hose Pipes and Branch Pipes. These

shall be suitable for Wall Mounting fabricated from 16 SWG MS sheet double

coated with P.O. Red after single coat of Red oxide primer. Each Hose

Cabinet shall have front door, which is lockable, and glass is breakable in

emergency.



6.9.18 Fire Hose Couplings

Delivery hose coupling, Stainless Steel SS 304, heavy duty inst. Pattern, pair

of male & female parts, 63mm x 63mm size, and bearing IS: 903



CHAPTER 7 PROJECT BENEFITS

7.1 IMPROVEMENT TO FULL FILL THE SUGAR DEFICIT IN

COUNTRY

• The annual production of sugar in India in current year is expected to

be only around 14.7 – 15 Million tons which is very much below the

annual consumption of India of 22 Million tons.

• To meet this deficit, Govt. of India has allowed to import of Raw

Sugar and to capitalize on this scenario SRSL has decided to expand

the sugar refining capacity and choose this location of future refineries

so as to be able to easily import, process and export sugar.

• To fulfill the process steam & power requirement for Sugar refinery,

the company has proposed to set up 45 MW power plant

7.2 IMPROVEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE

SRSL is planning to develop a good green belt in & around the complex. This

should be further enhanced and will be extended to the adjacent area. The

local community will be involved in the entire project development and can be

gainfully employed. Local work force will be recruited to the extent feasible.

The Management of SRSL is already actively involved in the community

development and local development. It also sponsors various programs,

educational facilities, development of infrastructure facilities like construction

of asphalted road of 20Km approx in & around the complex.

Apart from these the management also planning adopt the villages nearby and

provide more infrastructure like hospitals, Bus-shelters, transport facilities etc.

SRSL also encourage locals to set up ancillary units and self-employment

schemes. Under corporate social responsibility SRSL planned to invest Rs25 Lacs

approx. apart from ETP, RO etc.



7.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

The company shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-

skilled and skilled categories. The employment potential shall increase with

the start of construction activities, reach a peak during construction phase and

then reduce with completion of construction activities.

During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, although

its magnitude will be much less. The direct employment opportunities with the

company are extremely limited and the opportunities exist mainly with the

contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to provide

the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.



CHAPTER 8

RAIN WATER HARVESTING PLAN

8.1. INTRODUCTION

Shree Renuka Sugar Ltd. has developed India’s largest sugar

refining capacity having its corporate office in Mumbai and

headquarters at Belgaum (Karnataka) .The Company also produces

Power, Ethanol and bio-fertilizers besides Sugar.

Shree Renuka Sugar Industries, (Gujarat refinery) proposes to set up

a sugar refinery along with 45 MW coal based power plant at

Gandhidham, Kutch, Gujarat. This will be the captive power plant

for its sugar refinery in Bharapar, Gandhidham, district Kutch. An

area of 11.13 hectares has been earmarked for captive power plant

while the total area of the sugar refinery is 61 hectares. The water

requirement of thermal plant has been estimated as 1220 m3/day

(0.445 Mm3/year) which will be obtained by desalination of sea

water.

The present report recommends proposals for augmenting the ground

water storage of the plant area by harvesting roof top rain water of

different buildings and utilizing surface runoff. This will also help

in improving the quality of ground water which is at places brackish,

being close to the coast. All these proposals of rain water harvesting

will augment the ground water storage of the area and will reduce

the possibility of sea water ingress.

Climate of the area is moderate, during summer the maximum

temperature rises up to 40ºC and in winter season the minimum



temperature recorded as 8ºC. Average wind speed is 7m/s and

average annual rainfall is 452 mm.

8.2. NEED FOR ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

Although, there will not be any additional ground water abstraction

from the plant area as the water requirement for the plant will be met

from sea water after due desalination , Renuka sugar industry is

proposing to undertake rain water harvesting measures to augment

the ground water storage as a national obligation. There is

availability of adequate roof top rain water from the different

buildings of the plant and there is unsaturated zone of around 9

metres during the post monsoon period of which 6 metres could be

recharged. So there is an ideal hydrogeological setting for rain water

harvesting measures to be undertaken in the national interest as well

as under social corporate responsibility to recharge loosely

consolidated sand of marine origin. It is therefore considered

necessary to take up rain water harvesting measures to augment the

ground water storage of Bharapar area of Gandhidham so that the

ground water basin has surplus exploitable ground water potential

even during the drought years and static ground water reserves of

the area are not depleted.

Rain water harvesting is necessary in this coastal area to improve the

quality of ground water which at places, particularly near the sea is

brackish to saline. Surface runoff generated in the area is relatively

better in quality, with total dissolved salts less than 500 mg/l as

compared to ground water. So any efforts for recharging the ground

water reservoir with surface runoff will improve the quality of

ground water.



There are chances that wells close to coastal area might be

susceptible to sea water intrusion. Some wells have shown higher

salinity during summer, indicating the possibility of saline water

intrusion. Although, actual saline water intrusion might not have

taken place, its prospects can be reduced by recharging an area

between sea and the coast by forming a fresh water ridge.

8.3. BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE

PROJECTS

The basic requirements for recharging ground water reservoir are

I. Availability of non-committed surplus monsoon runoff in space and time

II. Identification of suitable hydrogeological environment and sites

for creating sub-surface reservoir through cost effective recharge structures.

While considering the hydrological and hydrogeological scenario for

artificial ground water recharge in Bharapar of Gandhidham area, it

is observed that plant and green belt area, comprising 61 hectares

receives 0.275 mcm ( million cubic metres) of rain water from

average rainfall of 452 mm. So, the availability of water for artificial

recharge in the plant is not a problem and only the cost effective

recharge structures are to be constructed which can recharge a large

volume of available surface runoff. The available surface runoff in

the plant is not- committed for any purpose and is available every

year during the monsoon period.

Roof top rain water harvesting is most popular and convenient for

recharging ground water particularly for domestic use. Here in case

of SRSI plant, it is proposed to adopt roof top rainwater harvesting



in the plant area as an artificial recharge technique. In addition, there

is open land available where there is no plan of construction activity

which can be utilsed for capturing surface runoff. This will provide

significant water for ground water recharge. Under such situation,

when the objective is to recharge a large quantity of water, only cost

effective recharge structures, based on direct surface techniques are

beneficial.

Fortunately, in present case, there is loosely consolidated sand

under a thin alluvial cover and the sand is coarse grained, well sorted

,therefore will have adequate vertical and fast infiltration rate

allowing water to percolate down to the zone of saturation, which is

at the depth of around 9 metres during the post monsoon period.

There is therefore an unsaturated zone of at least 6 metres (the 3

metres of upper unsaturated zone is not to be recharged, as it may

cause adverse environmental impact like water logging and soil

salinity) which can be recharged. The total available water storage

capacity of the plant having an area of 61 hectares which could be

recharged amounts to 0.366 mcm taking 10 % as the specific yield of

the sand.

It is therefore proposed that roof top rain water from different

buildings and surface runoff may be recharged through contour

bunding in an open area available.

8.4. MAIN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SELECTION OF

RECHARGE STRUCTURES

Although, there are many recharge structures in practice for artificial

recharge of ground water, only those recharge structures are being

proposed which are cost effective and most suitable for



hydrogeological and hydrological setting of Gandhidham area. The

following considerations have been kept in mind while proposing the

recharge structures in the plant area.

1. Only those recharge structures are being proposed which are cost

effective and provide immediate ground water recharge as it is

most economical to recharge directly existing open

wells/tubewells.

2. Wherever, roof top rain water and surface runoff are available and

water levels are shallow, recharge trenches are most economical

recharge structure for ground water recharge.

3. The recharge structures should be easy to maintain and should not

have high recurring cost of annual maintenance.

4. Only such materials required for construction of filtration pits,

filter media, masonry structures which are available in the nearby

river beds, can be procured locally and easily.

Keeping these considerations in view, the following recharge

structures are being proposed for plant.

8.4.1. Proposed recharge structures in plant area

8.4.1.1. Roof top rainwater harvesting

The plant will have few buildings having concrete cement

roofs and AC sheet roof tops. The buildings will have open

area in front of each building having a provision of a

cemented drain which will be used as recharge trench by

leaving the bottom as unlined and filled with filter media.

Generally roof top rain water from each building is collected

by drains and put in the cemented drains which ultimately is

discharged to far off place either for reuse for gardening or



in ponds for ground water recharge. It is now proposed that

roof top rain water will be collected by drain pipes which

will be released to a recharge trench, just constructed in the

front of the building, half metre to two metres wide and one

metre in depth having filtration media. Surplus water will be

taken to another trench if necessary. Depending on the roof

top area of the building and sheds, the water will be fed to a

recharge trench; the length of the trench will depend on the

area of the roof top.

8.4.1.1.1. Raw sugar warehouse

There will be three raw sugar ware houses in this block

situated near the southern gate of the plant having the roof

top area of 22,800 m2 each making total roof top available

in this block to be 68,400 m2 . It is proposed to collect the

available roof top water in four segments .The roof is

supposed to be constructed from corrugated asbestos cement

sheets. The availability of rain water from roof top has been

estimated by taking 85 % of the 452.40 mm. average annual

rain fall. The intensity of rainfall, which is 60 mm. per hour

(15 mm. per 15 minutes) as peak rainfall for Gandhidham

area, has been taken for estimating water availability for

designing trenches.

The raw sugar warehouse block which is proposed to be

constructed near the southern gates of the plant will have

three warehouses I, II and III. For planning the rainwater

harvesting in this block, the roof of the three warehouses are

being considered in different combinations. As the roof of



the warehouses are inclined and ‘V’ shaped the half of the

roof of warehouse no. I and no. III is to be considered

separately and roof of the adjoining warehouses having roof

inclination towards each other have been considered

separately and collection of water is to be done accordingly.

The availability of rooftop rainwater from different rooftops

in raw sugar warehouse block has been estimated as under

(I) Half of rooftop of warehouse No. I Availability of roof top rain water 11400x 0.85 x 0.452 = 4380m3 Peak availability of water during 11400 x 0.85 x 0.015 = 145 m3 during 15 minutes

It is proposed that roof top rain water from the raw sugar

warehouse building may be collected through drain pipes

from the part of warehouse (I) and brought to recharge

trench of one metre width, one meter deep to be

constructed beside the wall of the roof.



Figure 8.1

Recharge System for Raw Warehouse (Segment – I)

The recharge trench will be unlined, filled at the bottom

with 30 cm. thick layer of pebbles, 30 cm. thick layer of

gravel, 30 cm. thick layer of coarse sand and 10 cm. thick

layer of pebbles or one layer of boulders. The water from

the roof top will come down the drain and meet the trench.

The water will get accumulated in the trench which will be

285 metres in length surrounding the building and will store

145 cu.m of water. This water will gradually percolate

through granular zone at depth and will join water table

which is around 9 metres below the land surface during the

monsoon and post monsoon period. A recharge trench of 285



metres in length will store 145cu.m. of water sufficient for

15 minutes of continuous rainfall and is calculated by taking

50 % porosity of the filter media.

285 x 1 x 1 x 0.5 = 143 cu.m

(Length x depth x width x porosity = storage)

Half of rooftop of warehouse No. I and half of adjoining warehouse No.II

Availability of roof top rain water 22800x 0.85 x 0.452 = 8759m3 Peak availability of water during 22800 x 0.85 x 0.015 = 290 m3 during 15 minutes It is proposed that roof top rain water from the raw sugar


of the part of warehouse (I)and (II) and brought to recharge

trench of two metre width, one metre deep to be




Figure 8.2

Recharge System for Raw Warehouse (Segment – II)





the roof top will come down through the drain and meet the

trench. The water will get accumulated in the trench which

will be 285 metres in length surrounding the front of the

building and will store 290 cu.m of water. This water will

gradually percolate through granular zone at depth and will

join water table which is around 9 metres below the land

surface during the monsoon and post monsoon period. A



recharge trench of 285 metres in length will store 290cu.m.

of water sufficient for 15 minutes of continuous rainfall and

is calculated by taking 50 % porosity of the filter media.

285 x 1 x 2 x 0.5 = 285 cu.m


(II) Half of rooftop of warehouse No. II and half of adjoining

warehouse No.III Availability of roof top rain water 22800x 0.85 x 0.452 = 8759m3 Peak availability of water during 22800 x 0.85 x 0.015 = 290 m3 15 minutes

It is proposed that roof top rain water from the raw sugar


of the part of warehouse (I)and (II) and brought to recharge

trench of two metre width, one metre deep to be




Figure 8.3

Recharge System for Raw Warehouse (Segment – III)

















285 x 1 x 2 x 0.5 = 285 cu.m


(III) Half of rooftop of warehouse No.III Availability of roof top rain water 11400x 0.85 x 0.452 = 4380m3 Peak availability of water during 11400 x 0.85 x 0.015 = 145 m3 during 15 minutes It is proposed that roof top rain water from the raw sugar warehouse

building may be collected through drain pipes of the part of warehouse

(I) and brought to recharge trench of one metre width, one metre deep

to be constructed beside the wall of the roof.



Figure 8.4

Recharge System for Raw Warehouse (Segment – IV)

















285 x 1 x 1 x 0.5 = 143 cu.m


8.4.1.1.2. General Stores

A General Store is proposed to be constructed with cemented

roof top area of 2592 m2. The availability of rain water

from roof top has been estimated by taking 90 % of the

average 452 mm. of average annual rain fall. The intensity of

rainfall, which is 60 mm. per hour (15 mm. per 15 minutes)

as peak rainfall for Gandhidham area has been taken as

water availability for designing trenches.

Availability of roof top rain water 2592 x 0.90 x 0.452 = 1054 m3 Peak availability of water during 2592 x 0.90 x 0.015 = 35 m3 during 15 minutes

It is proposed that roof top rain water from the general stores

building may be collected through drain pipes and brought

to recharge trench of one metre width, one metre deep to

be constructed beside the wall of the roof.



Figure 8.5

Recharge System for General Stores











monsoon and post monsoon period. The storage capacity of



the recharge trench will be 36 cu.m. sufficient to store 15

minutes of heavy downpour as calculated as under taking

50% porosity of filter media :

72 x 1 x 1 x 0.5 = 36 cu.m


8.4.1.1.3. White sugar warehouse

Currently, it is proposed to construct three white sugar ware

houses and two future warehouses with different roof top

areas. These warehouses are to be constructed in a row and

as such the roof top rain water which is supposed to be

collected can be recharged in the trenches. The availability

of rain water from each warehouse will be as under:

White sugar warehouse No.I

Availability of roof top rain water 17160 x 0.85 x 0.452 = 6593 m3 Taking the intensity of rainfall as 60 mm. per hour (15 mm. per 15

minutes) as peak rainfall for Gandhidham area, the water available will

be:

Peak availability of water during 17160 x 0.85 x 0.015 = 219m3 during 15 minutes

It is proposed that roof top rain water from the building may

be collected through drain pipes on the either sides of the

building and each drain pipe brought to recharge trench of

two metre width, one metre deep to be constructed in front

the building.



Figure 8.6

Recharge System for White Sugar Warehouse No. I







264 metres in length in front of the building and will store

264cu.m of water. This water will gradually percolate






the recharge trench will be 264cu.m. sufficient to store water

for 15 minutes of continuous rainfall and is calculated as

under:

264 x 1 x 2 x 0.5 = 264 cu.m


White sugar warehouse No. II



be:

Peak availability of water during 17160 x 0.85 x 0.015 = 219m3 15 minutes


be collected through four drain pipes, four each on the

either sides of the building and each drain pipe brought to

recharge trench of two metre width, one metre deep to be

constructed in front the building.



Figure 8.7

Recharge System for White Sugar Warehouse No. II
















under:

264 x 1 x 2 x 0.5 = 264 cu.m


White sugar warehouse No.III



be:

Peak availability of water during 17160 x 0.85 x 0.015 = 219m3 15 minutes



either sides of the building and each drain pipe brought to

recharge trench of two metre width, one metre deep to be




Figure 8.8

Recharge System for White Sugar Warehouse No. III
















under:

264 x 1 x 2 x 0.5 = 264 cu.m


8.4.1.1.4. Future white sugar warehouse

Provision for future white sugar warehouses includes two

warehouses having rooftop area of 14950m2 and 25990 m2

respectively. The rooftop rainwater available through these

ware houses are as under:

Warehouse-I Availability of roof top rain water 14950x 0.85 x 0.452 = 5744 m3 Taking the intensity of rainfall as 60 mm. per hour (15 mm. per 15 minutes) as peak rainfall for Gandhidham area, the water available is: Peak availability of water during 14950 x 0.85 x 0.015 = 191 m3 15 minutes



sides of the building and each drain pipe brought to

recharge trench of 1.75metre width, one metre deep to be




Figure 8.9

Recharge System for Future White Sugar Warehouse No. I
















under:

230 x 1 x 1.75 x 0.5 = 201cu.m


Warehouse-II Availability of roof top rain water 25990x 0.85 x 0.452 = 9985m3 Taking the intensity of rainfall as 60 mm. per hour (15 mm. per 15 minutes) as peak rainfall for Gandhidham area, the water available is: Peak availability of water during 25990 x 0.85 x 0.015 = 331 m3 15 minutes


be collected through drain pipes on either sides of the

building and each drain pipe brought to recharge trench of

1.5 metre width, one metre deep to be constructed around

the building.



Figure 8.10

Recharge System for Future Sugar Warehouse No. II







460 metres in length on either side of the building and will

store 331 cu.m of water. This water will gradually percolate






the recharge trench will be 345 cu.m. sufficient for 15

minutes of the continuous rainfall and is calculated as under:

460 x 1 x 1.5 x 0.5 = 345 cu.m

(Length x depth x width / porosity = storage)

Net recharge from trenches.

There will be total inflow of water in the different recharge

trenches of 66,840 m3. Except evaporation, there will be no

other loss and all the water entering the recharge trench will

percolate in the zone of saturation through coarse sand. It is

therefore safe to assume that 75 % (50,130 m3) of water

entering the recharge trench will join the ground water

storage.

8.4.1.1.5. Contour bunds in open area

Earthen bunds constructed along smoothened contours or

with small deviation from the contour are termed as contour

bund. Suitably sized contour bunds have been found very

effective especially on the land with gentle slope. The main

advantage is that long slopes are broken down into smaller

compartments with less slope, thus allowing rainwater more

time or opportunity to soak into the soil in each

compartment. This is suitable for permeable soils as that of

Bharapur area of Gandhidham.

Out of the total area of the plant, there is still 7.2 hectares of

open area which is lying unused and there is no immediate

program of any construction activity. This area will remain



unutilized and vacant land. It is proposed that surface runoff

of this open alluvial land may be utilized by constructing

contour bunds with a recharge trench. The contour bunds

may be constructed in the slope of the area with a recharge

trench of one metre width and one metre depth filled with

pebbles and gravel. The trench will be unlined and surface

water while on slope will be stopped by the contour bund

and water will enter the recharge trench. The contour bund

will be constructed out the material excavated from trench.

The contour bund will be about 1 metre in height and 1.5

metres in width. The length of contour bund will be decided

according the availability of vacant plot available at the site.

The idea is to get the entire runoff of the slope to come to the

contour bund. The catchment area of the contour bund

should be made dense by road roller and by providing thick

clay plaster so the catchment area develops runoff

coefficient of 50 % of the rainfall against the normal runoff

coefficient of 30 % of alluvial soil.



Figure 8.11

Contour Bund With Recharge Trench

11.

It is expected that 72000 m2 of catchment area will develop

surface runoff of 16272 m3. This water will be stored in

recharge trench and will percolate down to water table in due

course. It is expected that 75 % of water (12,204 m3) will be

recharged as the soils are sandy and will have high

infiltration rate.

8.5. TOTAL RAIN WATER HARVESTED

With all the rain water harvesting measures proposed to be carried

out in plant, ground water storage will be augmented by 69,109 m3

during a normal rainfall year. The details of water to be recharged

are indicated as under:



Sr. No

Structure Recharge Quantity(m3)

A Rooftop rain water harvesting Raw Sugar Warehouse 1 Segment-I 4380

2 Segment-II 8759

3 Segment-III 8759

4 Segment-IV 4380

5 General Store 1054

White Sugar Warehouse 5 Warehouse No.-I 6593

6 Warehouse No.-II 6593

7 Warehouse No.-III 6593

Future White Sugar Warehouse 8 Warehouse No.-I 5744

9 Warehouse No.-II 9985

Total 75 % will be recharged

66,840 50,130

B Surface Runoff 10 Contour Bunds 12,204

Total 62,334

With the recharge of 62,334 m3of water, the water table in the plant area

will rise by 1.02 metres. This is in addition to normal natural ground

water recharge by rainfall in the plant area. The recharged water by

proposed rain water harvesting happens to be 23 % of the total rain

falling within the 61 hectares of the plant area and can be considered as

an efficient utilization for ground water recharge.

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