Fuels for Commercial Vehicles Present and Future Challenges and … · 2018-03-19 · Volvo...
Transcript of Fuels for Commercial Vehicles Present and Future Challenges and … · 2018-03-19 · Volvo...
Fuels for Commercial Vehicles – Present and Future Challenges and
Opportunities
Anders Röj
Combustion Technologies - Fuels
Powertrain Engineering
Volvo Group Truck Technology
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Trucks – Buses - Construction Equipment – Marine - Industrial Engines
- Brands: Volvo, Renault Trucks, Mack, UD, Terex Truck, Prevost, Nova Bus
- Alliances and joint ventures: SDLG, Eicher, Dongfen.
The Volvo Group
Volvo Technology CorporationFuels and Lubricants, Anders Röj
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EU emissions legislation - On-road vehicles…fuel quality improvements, 3000 ppm 10 ppm sulphur
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Typical EATS system for Euro VI
DOC = Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
DPF = Diesel Particulate Filter
SCR = Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst
ASC = Ammonia Slip Catalyst
DO
C
DPF SCR
Diesel
(7th injector)
Oxidation
of CO, HC
Filtration
of PM
Reduction
of NOx
Oxidation
of NH3
AS
C
Clean!
NOx sensor,
PM sensorUrea
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Importance of Fuel Quality
The fuel is an engineering element - an essential part in the engineering process
- choice of materials: metallic materials, polymers, lubricants…- the fuel properties dictate limits for engine calibration andoptimisation: emissions, power output, driveability….
The fuel has to be an integrated part of the quality assurance system
- technical functionality and performance: we have a responsibility towards our customers
- emissions: no deterioration over engine life (in-use compliance)- warranty issues
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Importance of Fuel Quality
How to secure good performance over the whole vehicle
life time?
- vehicle manufacturers to give clear instructions on what fuel(s) to use
- our customers should always use specified/recommended fuels.
- the fuel marketers (oil-companies) should always and everywhere
provide good quality fuels.
Key to success:
standardisation & international harmonisation
Volvo Technology CorporationFuels and Lubricants, Anders Röj
World Wide Fuel Charter (WWFC)Fuel harmonisation and quality improvements
The world automotive industry’s guiding
document describing improved and
harmonized market fuel quality
- gasolines and diesel fuels
Latest version of the WWFC was issued in
September 2013. Work has started on next
revision, targeted to be released late 2018
Available for download at www.acea.be
Gasoline and diesel fuel quality in five quality
levels (Category 1,2,3,4,5), matching emissions
and other performance requirements
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Fuels for the futureHow should the alternatives be evaluated?
Sustainability and sustainable availability
Well-to-wheel energy efficiency and CO2 emissions
Well-to-wheel regulated and unregulated emissions
Economy & infrastructure
Other considerations– energy density
– safety and health (fuel handling)
– specific issues/concerns related to the different driveline applications (trucks, buses, marine, stationary)
– political environment
– customer perceptions
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CO2-emissions “well-to-wheels”
Base-line for the comparisons: standard diesel fuel (EN590)
Only fossil CO2 is considered
“CO2-eqvivalents: methane and N2O included
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Well-to-wheel CO2 for different fuels & pathways
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Main Volvo fuel options for the future:
- Methane fuels: biogas, natural gas (CBG/CNG, LBG/LNG)
- DME (dimethyl ether): bio-based or fossil
Other alternatives of interest (“drop-in” fuels):
- HVO, Synthetic diesel (GTL, CTL, BTL) and FAME low-blends are
handled within normal engine development and normally covered by
general market fuel standards (EN590, EN15940)
- higher FAME-content fuels (B20…B30 …B100) may be of interest for
dedicated applications (fleets)
- legal compliance has to be secured, particularly for Euro VI
(“universal fuel range type-approval”)
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Volvo Alternative Fuels (1)
”new” engines
required
equal or close
to ”business as
usual”
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Volvo Alternative Fuels (2)
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Long distance applications
LNG (MethaneDiesel) and DME are the main
alternatives. Dynamic electric charging is an
additional alternative long term.
Medium distance applications
LNG/CNG and DME are the main alternatives.
Dynamic electric charging is an additional
alternative long term.
Urban applications
Electricity, CNG and DME are prioritized
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Gas at ambient temperature, liquid at 5 bar (like LPG)
Can be produced from natural gas, coal or
biomass, directly or with methanol as an intermediate
step
High well-to-wheels efficiency; >90% fossil
CO2-reduction when produced from biomass
Genuine diesel fuel (cetane rating >50)
Limited modifications to conventional diesel
engine set-up (fuel injection system)
Soot-free combustion (no carbon-carbon bonds)
Potential for very low NOx while maintaining high
efficiency with less need for complicated exhaust
aftertreatment
DME (Di-methyl-ether)
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Methane Fuels
Liqufied (LNG/LBG) or compressed (CNG/CBG)
Volvo is launching trucks running on LNG/”bioLNG”
- FH and FM models, compression ignition (diesel combustion, 420 /460hp
- same efficiency as corresponding diesel fuelled models
- LNG: 20-25% lower CO2 than for diesel fuel
- bioLNG: can be almost free from fossil CO2
Operating range up to 1000 km
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Electrification
Volvo Buses is strondly into electrification
- hybrid buses since 2009
- electric hybrid
- full electric
Trucks is also joining the electrification path, first
models announced for 2019
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Fuel & CO2
reduction
Total Energy
reduction
Hybrid 25 - 39% 25 - 39%
Electric Hybrid 75% 60%
Fully Electric 100% 80%
*opportunity charging
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A move to non-fossil fuels will come
when profitability levels are viable
Political decisions will be needed
– Long term vision
– Short term incentives
Important principles
– Energy efficiency and GHG
– “Work done” principle
– International perspective
– Harmonization and standardization
– Stable and predictable legal
conditions
– Specifications for new fuels
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“Commercial vehicles are used under commercial and competitive condition”
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Thank you for your attention!
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