Fuels & Energy · Atlas of the World 9th Edition Plate 025 - Energy Energy Balance, 2007 Source: US...
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More than 10% 1% – 10% Less than 1% More than 10% 1% – 10% Less than 1% More than 10% 1% – 10% Less than 1% No data Energy consumption by source, 2007 Percent of total consumption by source Petroleum products Natural gas Coal 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 4 4 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 CHINA INDIA UNITED STATES MEXICO SPAIN BRAZIL ITALY GERMANY FINLAND SWEDEN TURKEY ISRAEL INDONESIA PHILIPPINES JAPAN SOUTH KOREA Oil Electricity Gas Renewables Coal/Peat Other OECD China Asia (excluding China) Former Soviet Union Africa Latin America Other Middle East Energy consumption by fuel type 2007 Energy consumption by region 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% More than 5.0 0.5 – 5.0 -0.5 – 0.49 -5.0 – -0.51 Less than -5.0 No data available Energy balance, 2007 Production / consumption Quadrillion British thermal unit (Btu) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Renewable power capacity Small hydro Wind power Biomass power Geothermal power Solar PV (grid-connected) Solar hot water/heat Renewable energy, 2008 Countries ranked by capacity 23% of global energy is consumed by the United States, which has only 5% of the world’s population One of the biggest known drivers of global climate change is the use of fossil fuels. Compare the consumption patterns seen on this plate with the climate change patterns seen on plate 17. Climate | Plate 17 A large portion of global trade is driven by the exchange of energy resources. Compare the patterns seen on this plate with those seen on the economy plate. Economy | Plate 24 CONNECTIONS mapping energy sources To create this map, each country’s overall energy consumption was combined with its primary energy source (petroleum products, coal, or natural gas). Patterns emerge, revealing natural-gas-rich east- ern Europe, petroleum-consuming Americas and western Europe, and a mixed Asia, with China and India depending on coal. Few nations have a perfect bal- ance between energy consumption and production. Countries that are low in energy resources or have high consumer populations often have a balance that tips toward net consumption. The United States has the highest positive consump- tion balance, followed by Japan and Germany. Countries rich in energy resources or with small populations often are net energy producers. Russia has the highest production balance, followed by Saudi Arabia. As much of the world attempts to wean itself off of a fossil fuel depen- dency, several nations are taking the lead in developing and harvesting renewable energy. Countries such as the United States, Germany, and China are leaders in several types of renewables. As these nations are able to increase their renew- able energy production, they often are able to export renewable energy technology to other nations. This has the potential to change our global consumption patterns. As many of the world’s leaders and governments seek to lessen their countries’ dependence on foreign energy sources and fossil fuel, Denmark has been identified as a global leader and potential template for other nations seeking to reduce their energy use. During the energy crisis of the 1970s, Denmark was more than 90 percent dependent on foreign energy. Today it is energy independent and has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by 14 percent. During this same period, its GDP grew by more than 40 percent. Renewable energy, led by wind power, supplies nearly 30 percent of Denmark’s electricity. Danish compa- nies manufacture roughly 40 percent of the world’s wind turbines. By identifying global energy con- sumption by type of fuel and by regional consumers, we are able to gain a clearer picture of our consumption. Over 40 percent of the energy consumed is in the form of oil. The United States is the leading consuming nation, followed by China. Energy-use projections show that oil will continue to be our largest global energy source in 2030. Nearly half of the world’s total energy is consumed by the 30 countries that make up the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD). With the exception of Mexico, Poland, and Turkey, all of the OECD member nations are classified as high-income economies by the World Bank. High standards of living in these countries translate to high energy use. balancing consumption and production identiFying global Final energy consumption ranking renewable leaders leading in energy independence e world runs on energy, and in almost all cases that means oil, natural gas, or coal. Heavy reli- ance on these fossil fuels is a major cause of the climate change that challenges us, and people around the world are looking for cleaner, less damaging alternatives. But for now, oil alone ac- counts for more than 40 percent of the energy we use, significantly as an automotive fuel. e use of renewable energy sources is growing, though, with wind and solar power showing considerable increases in recent years. Access to fuel is more than a luxury—it can mean the difference between edible food and indigestible grain, or it can mean survival through frigid nights and productivity through sweltering days. Almost as crucially, our modern life is built on the idea that energy is cheap and plentiful, from the smelters and boilers of heavy industry to our global transportation networks and even the billions of computers and electronic devices that keep us connected by drawing vast amounts of coal- and gas-generated electricity. As with other resources, energy sources are spread unevenly across the planet, with some countries rich in one or many sources, and oth- ers largely dependent on imports of raw fuel or electricity delivered by international grids. Most energy is consumed in the wealthiest nations and in rapidly industrializing countries such as China and India. For reasons including soaring prices, dwindling supplies, and intensifying climate change, the focus on fuels is shifting from finding new sources to using the ones we have ever more efficiently—and replacing them with renewable alternatives. 25 25 ENERGY Powering the Planet SOURCE: OECD/IEA, 2009 Fuels & Energy.indd 1-2 5/18/10 11:01:13 AM
Transcript of Fuels & Energy · Atlas of the World 9th Edition Plate 025 - Energy Energy Balance, 2007 Source: US...
0 1,000 2,000 Miles
0 900 1,800 Kilometers
Petroleum products primary
Less than 11 - 10More than 10
Natural gas primary
Less than 11 - 10More than 10
Coal primary
Less than 11 - 10More than 10
No data
Scale 1:56,290,000
Atlas of the World 9th EditionPlate 25 - Fuels and Energy
Total Energy Consumption and Primary SourceSource: US Energy Information Administration
19 January 2010
More than 10%1% – 10%Less than 1%
More than 10%1% – 10%Less than 1%
More than 10%1% – 10%Less than 1%
No data
Energy consumption by source, 2007Percent of total consumption by sourcePetroleum products
Natural gas
Coal
0 1,000 2,000 Miles
0 1,000 2,000 Kilometers
Scale 1:189,928,000
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CHINA
INDIA
UNITED STATES
MEXICO
SPAIN
BRAZIL
ITALY
GERMANY
FINLANDSWEDEN
TURKEY
ISRAEL
INDONESIA
PHILIPPINES
JAPAN
SOUTH KOREA
Oil
Electricity
Gas
Renewables
Coal/Peat
Other
OECD
China
Asia (excluding China)
Former Soviet Union
Africa
Latin America
OtherMiddle East
Energy consumption by fuel type
2007
Energy consumption by region
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Energy balance: production - consumption
(Quadrillion Btu), 2007
No dataLess than -5.0-5.0 - -0.51-0.5 - 0.490.5 - 5.0More than 5.0
Scale 1:189,928,000
Atlas of the World 9th EditionPlate 025 - Energy
Energy Balance, 2007Source: US Energy Information Agency
27 January 2010
More than 5.00.5 – 5.0-0.5 – 0.49-5.0 – -0.51Less than -5.0No data available
Energy balance, 2007Production / consumptionQuadrillion British thermal unit (Btu) 1
111111
Renewable power capacitySmall hydroWind powerBiomass powerGeothermal powerSolar PV (grid-connected)Solar hot water/heat
Renewable energy, 2008Countries ranked by capacity
23%of global energy is consumed by the United States, which has only 5% of the world’s population
One of the biggest known drivers of global climate change is the use of fossil fuels. Compare the consumption patterns seen on this plate with the climate change patterns seen on plate 17. Climate | Plate 17
A large portion of global trade is driven by the exchange of energy resources. Compare the patterns seen on this plate with those seen on the economy plate. Economy | Plate 24
CONNECTIONS
mapping energy sourcesTo create this map, each country’s overall energy consumption was combined with its primary energy source (petroleum products, coal, or natural gas). Patterns emerge, revealing natural-gas-rich east-ern Europe, petroleum-consuming Americas and western Europe, and a mixed Asia, with China and India depending on coal.
Few nations have a perfect bal-ance between energy consumption and production. Countries that are low in energy resources or have high consumer populations often have a balance that tips toward net consumption. The United States
has the highest positive consump-tion balance, followed by Japan and Germany. Countries rich in energy resources or with small populations often are net energy producers. Russia has the highest production balance, followed by Saudi Arabia.
As much of the world attempts to wean itself off of a fossil fuel depen-dency, several nations are taking the lead in developing and harvesting renewable energy. Countries such as the United States, Germany, and China are leaders in several types
of renewables. As these nations are able to increase their renew-able energy production, they often are able to export renewable energy technology to other nations. This has the potential to change our global consumption patterns.
As many of the world’s leaders and governments seek to lessen their countries’ dependence on foreign energy sources and fossil fuel, Denmark has been identified as a global leader and potential template for other nations seeking to reduce
their energy use. During the energy crisis of the 1970s, Denmark was more than 90 percent dependent on foreign energy. Today it is energy independent and has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by 14 percent. During this same period, its
GDP grew by more than 40 percent. Renewable energy, led by wind power, supplies nearly 30 percent of Denmark’s electricity. Danish compa-nies manufacture roughly 40 percent of the world’s wind turbines.
By identifying global energy con-sumption by type of fuel and by regional consumers, we are able to gain a clearer picture of our consumption. Over 40 percent of the energy consumed is in the form of oil. The United States is the leading
consuming nation, followed by China. Energy-use projections show that oil will continue to be our largest global energy source in 2030. Nearly half of the world’s total energy is consumed by the 30 countries that make up the Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD). With the exception of Mexico, Poland, and Turkey, all of the OECD member nations are classified as high-income economies by the World Bank. High standards of living in these countries translate to high energy use.
balancing consumption and production identiFying global Final energy consumption ranking renewable leaders leading in energy independence
The world runs on energy, and in almost all cases that means oil, natural gas, or coal. Heavy reli-ance on these fossil fuels is a major cause of the climate change that challenges us, and people around the world are looking for cleaner, less damaging alternatives. But for now, oil alone ac-counts for more than 40 percent of the energy we use, significantly as an automotive fuel. The use of renewable energy sources is growing, though, with wind and solar power showing considerable increases in recent years.
Access to fuel is more than a luxury—it can mean the difference between edible food and indigestible grain, or it can mean survival through frigid nights and productivity through sweltering days. Almost as crucially, our modern life is built on the idea that energy is cheap and plentiful, from the smelters and boilers of heavy industry to our global transportation networks and even the billions of computers and electronic devices that keep us connected by drawing vast amounts of coal- and gas-generated electricity.
As with other resources, energy sources are spread unevenly across the planet, with some countries rich in one or many sources, and oth-ers largely dependent on imports of raw fuel or electricity delivered by international grids. Most energy is consumed in the wealthiest nations and in rapidly industrializing countries such as China and India. For reasons including soaring prices, dwindling supplies, and intensifying climate change, the focus on fuels is shifting from finding new sources to using the ones we have ever more efficiently—and replacing them with renewable alternatives.
25 25
ENErgy
Powering the Planet
SOURCE: OECD/IEA, 2009
Fuels & Energy.indd 1-2 5/18/10 11:01:13 AM
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