Fuel/Lube Oil SystemsFuel/Lube Oil Systems

ObjectivesObjectives

• Why lubricationWhy lubrication

• Standard shipboard lube oil systemStandard shipboard lube oil system

• Standard shipboard fuel oil system Standard shipboard fuel oil system

• Standard safety considerations for Standard safety considerations for shipboard fuel oil and lube oil systemsshipboard fuel oil and lube oil systems

Fuel Oil SystemFuel Oil System

• PurposePurpose– Provide fuel to furnace / combustorProvide fuel to furnace / combustor

Service SystemService System• Pumps maintain a constant press in systemPumps maintain a constant press in system

– Fuel flow control valve adjusted to control fuel to furnace Fuel flow control valve adjusted to control fuel to furnace (Auto Combustion Control)(Auto Combustion Control)

– excess fuel flows back to service tanksexcess fuel flows back to service tanks

– Electrically driven mainElectrically driven main

– Service pumps used in port or for light offService pumps used in port or for light off

• AccumulatorsAccumulators– Nitrogen bladder typeNitrogen bladder type

– 10 gals/each10 gals/each

– Used in EmergenciesUsed in Emergencies

TanksTanks• Storage TanksStorage Tanks

– Integral part of the ship’s bottomIntegral part of the ship’s bottom– Contain bulk of fuel oilContain bulk of fuel oil

• Service TanksService Tanks– 24 hour fuel supply24 hour fuel supply– For immediate useFor immediate use

• Contaminated Oil Settling TanksContaminated Oil Settling Tanks– Hold oil contaminated with water and debrisHold oil contaminated with water and debris– Oil settles to top, water pumped from bottomOil settles to top, water pumped from bottom– Good oil sent to service tanksGood oil sent to service tanks

Piping SystemPiping System• Fill and Transfer SystemFill and Transfer System

– Loading oil to storage tanksLoading oil to storage tanks

– Transfer oil to service tanks / other storage tankTransfer oil to service tanks / other storage tank• Controls Trim and ListControls Trim and List

– Discharge oil to other shipDischarge oil to other ship

• Stripping SystemStripping System– used to discharge contaminated oil, sludge, and water used to discharge contaminated oil, sludge, and water

overboard or to the settling tankoverboard or to the settling tank

• Service SystemService System– must deliver oil at the proper temp, press, puritymust deliver oil at the proper temp, press, purity

Basic Main Lube Oil Basic Main Lube Oil SystemSystem

• Storage tanks (Sump)

• Cooler/Heater

• Pumps– Attached lube oil pump (ALOP)

• driven by reduction gears

– Standby lube oil pump (SLOP)– Emergency lube oil pump (ELOP)

• Bearings, Reduction Gears

Generic L/O SystemGeneric L/O System

Common ComponentsCommon Components

• Strainers– Prevent passage of grit, scale, dirt, and other

foreign material

• Purifiers– Separate water and sediment from oil

Lube Oil PropertiesLube Oil Properties

• AdhesivnessAdhesivness– Ability to adhere to object surface and support Ability to adhere to object surface and support

weightweight

• CohesivnessCohesivness– Ability to hold together under load to maintain fluid Ability to hold together under load to maintain fluid

filmfilm

• Viscosity (Thickness)Viscosity (Thickness)– Ability to maintain constant resistance to flow over Ability to maintain constant resistance to flow over

varying tempsvarying temps

LO PropertiesLO Properties

• Oxidation- The rate at which the oil Oxidation- The rate at which the oil deteriorates or breaks downdeteriorates or breaks down

• Demulsibility- The ability to separate out Demulsibility- The ability to separate out water.water.

Lubrication Oil SystemLubrication Oil System

• Prevent metal-to-metal contact by creating Prevent metal-to-metal contact by creating film of fluid between surfacesfilm of fluid between surfaces– Sliding/rolling friction replaced by fluid Sliding/rolling friction replaced by fluid

frictionfriction– Provides pressurized oil to create fluid filmProvides pressurized oil to create fluid film

• Reduces heat build-up caused by frictionReduces heat build-up caused by friction

• Removes heat generated by friction since Removes heat generated by friction since lube oil cooledlube oil cooled

FrictionFriction

• Sliding - friction caused by moving surface Sliding - friction caused by moving surface over stationary surfaceover stationary surface

• Rolling - friction caused by curved body Rolling - friction caused by curved body rolling on flat surfacerolling on flat surface

• Fluid - friction caused by fluids resistance Fluid - friction caused by fluids resistance to movementto movement

Prevent Metal to Metal ContactPrevent Metal to Metal Contact

Lube Oil As A CoolantLube Oil As A Coolant

• Friction cannot be entirely eliminated Friction cannot be entirely eliminated

• Power still lost through the generation of Power still lost through the generation of heat in the bearings heat in the bearings

• Energy of a few hundred horsepower may be Energy of a few hundred horsepower may be lost in the bearings of large turbines at high lost in the bearings of large turbines at high powerpower

• Since oil continuously pumped through Since oil continuously pumped through system, heat is removed at coolersystem, heat is removed at cooler

Safety PrecautionsSafety Precautions

• Flammable liquid at high pressureFlammable liquid at high pressure– Class "B" fireClass "B" fire

SummarySummary