Fuel Oil Loading System Upgrade at Yanbu Refinery - Enppi - June 2016 Enppi... · Fuel Oil Loading...

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April - June 2016, No. 104

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Fuel Oil Loading System Upgrade at Yanbu Refinery

Zohr Field Onshore Production Facilities Development Project

Chairman & CEOEng. Imam El-Said

Assistant Chairman & Supervisor of Procurement and

Supporting Services DivisionsEng. Hussein Abd El-Meguid

General ManagerMedia & Translation

Dept. Supervisor Jihan El-Said

Media & TranslationDepartment Manager

Noha Farouk

Media Section HeadEnas El Shazly

Translation Section HeadRehab Kaddah

Translation SectionNermeen HafezHanady Matar

Baher KhalilMona Harb

Media SectionMona RihanReda Wahib

Amany Abo El-AzmNaglaa Younis

Bassem KhattabReem Hassan

Mansour Abu DiefDalia Wahba

Printed in Enppi

Issue 104April - June 2016Table of Contents

1 (A) Ahmed El Zomor St., 8th District - Nasr City, Cairo. (+202)22762100 - (+202)22762150 - (50 lines)

Fax: (+202)22744382 - (+202)22744981

[email protected] - www.enppi.com

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Major EventsThe 8th Mediterranean Offshore Conference & Exhibition (MOC) 2016

Projects & AchievementsZohr Field Onshore Production Facilities Development Project

Minister of Petroleum Visits the Petrochemical Projects in Alexandria

Conference & Exhibitions The 19th International Conference on Petroleum Mineral Resources and Development

12th Middle East Geosciences Conference & Exhibition (GEO 2016)

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Human ResourcesEnppi & GANOPE Mutual Cooperation in the Field of Training

Miscellaneous Distinguished Achievement by Enppi in YASREF Periodic Audit on Both “MC-06 Warehouse” & “MTBE” Projects

The British Energy Industries Council Visits Enppi

Prequalification of NPCO for ISO 9001 & OHSAS 18001

EssaysPiping Systems Subjected to External Hydrostatic Pressure under Influence of Geometrical Imperfection

Conferences & Exhibitions

4 | Enppi - June 2016

In his speech marking the inauguration of the 8th Mediterranean Offshore Conference & Exhibition (MOC) 2016; H.E. Eng. Tarek El Molla; Minister of Petroleum & Mineral Resources highlighted Egypt’s commitment to constant development, namely in the oil & gas field. The Petroleum Ministry aims to support cooperation with in-ternational petroleum companies, which is an important element to supply current and future demands on en-ergy to boost the economic development.

The conference cycle this year was titled “Mediterra-nean Potentials - Unlocked”, held under the patronage of Prime Minister, Eng. Sherif Ismail, and attended by Eng. Mohamed Abdel Zaher, Alexandria Governor, Tayton Enosenza - Mediterranean Offshore Conference Chair-man (MOC) in Ravenna- Italy 2017, Chairmen of Eni, BP, Edison, Shell & Chairmen of various international, Arab & Egyptian companies. The conference was held in Bib-liotheca Alexandrina during the period April 19th - 21st, 2016.

The Minister pinpointed the challenges facing the Egyptian Petroleum Sector as follows; the fuel subsidiza-tion, which led to increase the energy demand. In ad-dition to the worn-out infrastructure, refineries and the past-due financial liabilities to the foreign companies.

In his speech, the Minister mentioned that due to political stability, growing economy and investments,

Eng. Tarek El Molla, Minister of Petroleum & Eng. Tayton Enosenza, MOC Chairman in Ravenna

Eng. Imam El-Said receiving Eng. Tarek El Molla in Enppi Booth

Enppi Booth in the Exhibition

The 8th Mediterranean Offshore Conference & Exhibition (MOC) 2016

Enppi - June 2016 | 5

the Ministry of Petroleum managed, within the last two years, to take further measures to support the energy sector. He added that the Petroleum Sector managed to cut off the past-due financial liabilities by 50% from June 2012 till now. The Minister referred to the new gas dis-coveries in the Mediterranean, specifically the giant Zohr Field. The Minster stated that the Petroleum Sector and the Italian Eni’s success story reflects the distinguished Egyptian-Italian ties in the field of petroleum industries which started since the fifties of the 20th century.

The Minister declared that the government approved the new gas law, which is a breakthrough to support the Egyptian natural gas market and enable the private sec-tor’s ability to compete in the gas market. Furthermore, the Minister stated that Egypt is entitled to play an im-portant regional role in the field of energy, as it pos-sesses all important prerequisites to be the natural gas strategic center, hence support regional stability.

In his speech, Eng. Tayton Enosenza, MOC Chairman in Ravenna, stated that the gas and oil industry witnesses rapid challenges; gas and petroleum international price reduction comes on top & the emerging economies slow down. He added that natural gas will be the highest fuel demanded in the future, and Egypt’s success to achieve numerous giant discoveries is a crystal-clear proof of the innovative ability and utilizing the latest technolo-gies used in the gas industry worldwide. Such up-to-date technologies’ usage paved the way for new discoveries in the Mediterranean zone, such as Zohr, field which is going to change the energy strategies in the region.

Eng. Osama Al-Bakly, the Conference Organizing Committee Head, mentioned that the arrangement of

the conference in Egypt delivers an important message to the world that Egypt is working hard to fulfill the as-pirations of the petroleum industry specialists towards a bright future with all upcoming factors of success.

It is worth mentioning that Enppi participated in the Exhibition with a distinguished booth designed by Eng. Samar Al-Nashar and Eng. Haitham Essam from the In-ternal Design & Exhibitions technical services Depart-ment. The Scottish booth was designed by Eng. Jihan Baioumy and Eng. Hossam Khalil from the same Depart-ment. Enppi’s execution of the Scottish booth is an em-phasis of its capabilities and expertise. Furthermore, the two booths were praised by all the visitors.

The Minister, accompanied by the Petroleum Sec-tor leaders, visited Enppi booth. As he was welcomed by Eng. Imam El-Said, Enppi Chairman and CEO, and Eng. Alaa Khashab, Vice Chairman for Engineering Af-fairs, Eng. Al-Zahraa Abu El-Hagag, Information Sys-tems & Technical Services Chairman Assistant, Eng. Labib Maged, Offshore Engineering Division General Manager, Ms. Wedad Abaza, General Manager, Busi-ness Development Division, Conferences Department Supervisor, Eng. Azza Wahid, General Manager, techni-cal Services Division, Interior Design & Exhibition Tech-nical services Department Supervisor, Eng. Mona Fayek, General Manager in the Project Engineering Manager/ Leader, Eng. Ashraf Wanas, Assistant General Manager and Acting Human Resources Division General Manager Eng. Tamer Metwally, Business Development Area Man-ager and Jordan Branch Manager, Eng. Zeinab Gamal, Interior Design & Exhibitions Technical Services Depart-ment Manager.

Eng. Tarek El Molla, Eng. Mohamed Abdel Zaher& Eng. Tayton Enosenza

The Scottish Booth

Zohr Field Onshore Production Facilities Development Project

Projects and Achievements

Balaeim Petroleum Co. (PETRO-BEL) awarded Enppi, on a lump-sum price basis, the detailed engi-neering, procurement professional services and site technical support for Phase (I) of Zohr field onshore production facilities development project.

Eng. Imam El-Said, Enppi CEO & M.D, Eng. Atef Mohamed Hasan, PETROBEL General Manager & M.D and Mr. Nunzo Colabufalo, General Manager & M.D witnessed the sign-ing of the project letter of intent on March 7th, 2016.

It is worth mentioning that Eni S.p.A. discovered natural gas reservoir in the concession area “Shorouk” (3765 km2) located in the Mediterranean sea in accord-ance with the agreement conclud-ed with EGAS in 2013.

The discovery was announced in August 2015 with a plan to upgrade

the offshore gas wells of Zohr over a space of 100 km2 at depth of 1450 m.

It is considered one of the big-gest offshore natural gas fields around the world in the Medi-terranean basin with a potential preserve of around 850 billion m3 (equal to approx. 30 trillion ft3 of natural gas).

The offshore production facili-ties will be connected to the on-shore facilities via subsea lines, whereas the onshore facilities will be developed on a four phases plan as follows:

Phase (I): Developing onshore production facilities with a produc-tion capacity of 1400 MM SCFD at 80 bar operating pressure.

Phase (II): Developing onshore production facilities with a produc-tion capacity of 2700 MM SCFD at 80 bar operating pressure.

Phase (III): Stabilizing the pro-

duction capacity of 2700 MM SCFD at 80 bar along with 24 bar operat-ing pressure for some wells.

Phase (IV) : Stabilizing the pro-duction capacity of 2700 MM SCFD at 24 bar.

The produced treated natural gas will be pumped into the na-tional grid via GASCO tie-ins . In ad-dition the produced hydrocarbon condensates shall be transferred and stored at El Gamil Plant on-shore facilities owned by PETRO-BEL.

Enppi’s scope of work includes:• Familiarization of Eni’s project

basic engineering design.• Detailed engineering design.• Procurement services including:

1. Bidding and acceptance of technical offers.

2. Following up of manufac-ture and expediting works.

3. Engineering audits and equipments & shipments acceptance in accordance to the technical specifica-tions mentioned in the agreements.

• Engineering technical assis-tance at site.


Eng. Imam El-Said, Enppi CEO & M.D, Eng. Atef Mohamed Hasan, PETROBEL General Manager & M.D and Mr. Nunzo Colabufalo General Manager & M.D

Vertical view of the project area

Minister of Petroleum Visitsthe Petrochemical Projects in Alexandria

In light of the interest in the petrochemical industries which are considered an added value and an ideal way to exploit the natural re-sources, H.E. Eng. Tarek El Molla; Egyptian Minister of Petroleum & Mineral Resources visited the ex-isting & ongoing petrochemical projects in Alexandria. He visited the upgraded projects held by the Egyptian Petrochemical Co. (oldest project of its kind). In addition, he visited Ethydco Complex for Pro-ducing Ethylene & its derivatives, which currently undergoes the fi-nal phases.

The Minister of Petroleum was accompanied by Eng. Imam El Said; Enppi Chairman & CEO, Eng. Mo-hamed Saafan; (ECHEM) Chairman, Eng. Mohamed Shemy; Petrojet Chairman & Eng. Mohamed Taher; First Undersecretary of Petroleum Ministry. Ethydco Complex for Producing Ethylene & its deriva-tives aimed to establish a factory for producing Poly-Ethylene, with an annual production capacity of 400,000 ton/year at Etydco Pet-rochemical Complex in Alexandria. Ethelene polymerization technol-ogy depends on the Univation UNI-POL PE Process Technology license.

The Complex comprises of two identical capacity lines, designed to produce LLDPE, HDPE and HDPE Bio- model.

The project was executed by the consortium of Enppi & Toyo (Japan). The scope of work in-cluded the revision of the primary engineering designs, the detailed designs, the procurement, con-struction, pre-commissioning tests, commissioning tests and the per-formance tests.

The Minister assured that the objective of the visit for such im-

portant projects is to encourage the employees to exert more ef-forts and to be aware of the pro-jects development standards, in order to complete them within the planned time framework, which is to be included in the national economic context. Products of this industry are needed in small and medium industries to avoid import-ing some of the daily- used prod-ucts, to preserve the hard currency and increase the national hard cur-rency preserves, via increasing the exported quantities.

Nasr Petroleum Co. (NPC) awarded Enppi the execution of the detailed engineering, construction and procurement services in addition to commissioning and start-up of the firefighting and fire alarm systems of various companies, facilities located at Suez,

comprising the horizontal storages tanks, spherical tanks and oil separation basins based on a previous engineering study. Enppi scope also includes overall management of the project. The works are expected to be accomplished by June 2017.


Fire Fighting, Fire Detection & Alarm System for LPG Sphere

The Petroleum Minister during his visit to one of the Petrochemical projects in Alexandria

Enppi was awarded the execution of Upgrading Fuel Oil Loading System Project at Yanbu Refinery, for Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) with Lump sum Procure and Build LSPB price.

The aim of the project is to increase the fuel oil load-ing/unloading capacity of Yanbu Refinery (YR) by install-ing a new heat traced, full-flow bi-directional line from the fuel oil storage tanks in the tank farm to the marine terminal.

Enppi scope of work includes purchasing & executing a new header, which shall be connected to the 6 existing fuel oil storage tanks manifold and will be isolated from each tank manifold with MOV.

The other end of the tank new header will be con-nected to the new header pump’s discharge and will be isolated with MOV.

The new line 24/30 inch (4.5 Km) shall go under-

ground to cross the fences of Yanbu Refinery & Marine Terminal, as well as the Royal Commission road, in be-tween 30 inch line will be connected to the existing me-tering skids for berths 91, 92, 93 and 94. Cross ties will be installed to allow for metering during ship unload-ing. Adequate connections will be installed to allow for simultaneous loading unloading activities between the two systems.

It is worth mentioning that, the project is executed according to its schedule and is expected to be finalized in 18 months.

By this project, as well as other international pro-jects, Enppi aims to adhere to HSE standards protect environment and present creative solutions, to raise ef-ficiency and reduce costs & execution duration and at the same time achieve best quality standards according to project & Aramco standards.

Enppi succeeded to win the contract of the Reha-bilitation of Onshore Facilities in Yanbu South Terminal (formerly Al-Muajjiz Terminal) for Saudi Aramco, after a severe competition with international and national com-

panies. It is worth mentioning that, this project is crucial for KSA and for Saudi ARAMCO as well. Yanbu South Ter-minal is one of the key 4 terminals in the industrial region of YANBU, as it is a major terminal for exporting the crude oil, with capacity of 10 million barrels. This project is one of the major phases of the integral project to develop and upgrade the Western Province of the kingdom that KSA desires to accomplish in the near future.

Enppi scope comprises verifying the specifications and detailed engineering drawings, provided by Saudi Aramco, and purchasing the materials and equipment, besides all the required detailed engineering, construc-tion works, pre-commissioning, and commissioning & Start-up assistance activities and developing the As-built final drawings. The project is expected to be completed by April 2017.


Fuel Oil Loading System Upgrade at Yanbu Refinery

Enppi Performs the Rehabilitation of Onshore Facilities inYanbu South Terminal Project for Saudi Aramco


Yanbu Projects Site

South Yanbu Project Site

YASREF Co. (Consortium of Saudi ARAMCO and Chinese Sinopec) awarded Enppi the execution of the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) of Clean Fuel Export Facilities.

The project aims at exporting the clean fuel products, such as, diesel and gasoline, with high quality from YAS-REF Refinery to Yanbu ARAMCO Refinery for domestic consumption and export to global markets as well.

Enppi scope comprises the ex-ecution of FEED designs, in addition to preparation for tender docu-ments for long lead equipment, besides providing environmental impact studies and surge analysis hydraulic studies for pipelines and the value engineering studies as well.

The project comprises two custo-dy metering skids and control units, pipelines with 30 inches diameter sizes, in addition to modifications for 3 existing tanks from cone roof to internal floating roofs, necessary adjustments for power stations and control rooms inside YASREF and ARAMCO refineries.

The project is considered the first cooperation between Enppi and ARAMCO in the basic designs field; and it is also the third cooperation for FEED engineering projects with YASREF, after the FEED engineering for the YCOT project, LPG project and MTBE Project, which proves the client’s trust in Enppi and its profi-ciency.

YASREF and ARAMCO selection for Enppi to execute this crucial project is a sign for their trust and confidence in Enppi expertise and capabilities, as this project has an economic importance for KSA to

develop the Western Region, which will be positively reflected on the Saudi economy when stopping import-ing these clean fuels and meeting the domestic needs of these necessary products.

It is worth mentioning that, the project is a part of Enppi plan to develop its business scale outside Egypt especially in KSA and the Arab countries.

Clean Fuel Export Facilities Project for YASREF


Overall Plant Locations

YR Tank Farm Area



New Water Disposal System Improvement Project for PETROBEL

Assiut Oil Refining Co. (ASORC) is ranked as one of the major refining companies in Egypt, which was established to produce and provide environmental friendly petroleum products in Upper Egypt.

ASORC intends to upgrade the existing refinery by establishing and operating Assiut New Hydrocracking Complex, to satisfy the increasing demand of Upper Egypt market. ASORC intended to award the execution of the New Complex to Technip as a Main Contractor, Enppi and PETROJET as Subcontractors.

The new Assiut Hydrocracking Complex aims to convert low value Fuel Oil (Mazut) of ASORC existing Refinery into more valuable products, such as (Diesel, Naphtha & LPG). The Project is designed to produce 2.74 million tons per year (Diesel), 360 thousand tons per year (Naphtha), 91 thousand tons per year (LPG), 331 thousand tons per year (Coke) and 57 thousand tons per year (Sulphur).

Enppi role is EPC, turnkey, lump-sum contractor for the following units:

• Vacuum Distillation Unit.• Distillate Hydro-treating Unit.• New Tank Farm. • Off-plot Interconnecting Piping.• Tie-ins and Battery Limits with ASORC • Operational and Non-operational Buildings.

The Project will be executed on two phases:1- Early works and OBE which include the following:• Early Works Engineering Activities.• Licensors` Process Design Package Finalization.• Procurement Services for Long Lead Items.• Open Book Cost Estimates to define the EPC cost.

Early works and OBE phase is planned to start by May, 2016 and expected to be completed by first quarter of 2017. 2- Execution of the EPC phase including:Detailed Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Pre-commissioning, Commissioning and Start-up.

It is worth mentioning that, EPC phase is expected to be completed by the end of 2019.

Belayim Petroleum Company (PETROBEL) awarded Enppi the EPC contract of the New Water Disposal System Improvement Project for PETROBEL, to treat the post-commissioning water resulting from PETROBEL facilities in Belayim, price-turnkey-all-inclusive method.

Enppi scope of work shall include performing the basic and detailed engineering designs, procurement and construction services required till the start-up phase.

It is worth mentioning that, Enppi aimed to execute the project in a record time, through applying international measures, standards & ENI specification.

Assiut Hydrocracking Complex Project



Under the Patronage of H.E. Eng. Tarek El Molla, Minister of Petroleum & Mineral Resources, Prof. Ashraf Mohamed El-Shihy, Minister of Higher Education & the State Ministry For Scientific Research, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Al-Sabagh EPRI Director, Eng. Mohamed Elmasry Former Chairman of the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) inaugurated the 19th International Conference on Petroleum Mineral Resources and Development, held during the period from 22nd till 24th February, 2016.

The inauguration ceremony was attended by Eng. Mohamed Taher First Undersecretary of Ministry of Petroleum, Eng. Osama Kamal former Minister of Petroleum & Mineral Resources , Eng. Nadia Zakhary former Minister of Scientific Research and Eng. Venice Kamel Gouda, Former Minister of Scientific Research, in addition to chairmen of PETROJET, PETROGAS, El Hamra Oil, Wastani Petroleum, Webco Petroleum, Agiba Petroleum, Qarun Petroleum, Badr Petroleum and Suez Oil Processing.

The conference discussed a number of topics including :• The relation of applicable chemistry to the petroleum

industry.• Biofuels and applications of biotechnology in the

petroleum industry.• Drilling rigs and Petroleum refining.• Environmental pollution and ways of treatment.• The relation of exploration and production to Gas

technology.• The relation of clean Chemistry and applications to

Materials’ science.• Gas technology production.• New and renewable energy.

• Petrochemical technology.Enppi participated in the conference exhibition with

a remarkable booth, designed by its Internal Design and Technical Services Department and visitors expressed their admiration of the exhibition .

Visitors to Enppi booth were welcomed by Eng. Zahraa Abu El-Hagag; Enppi Chairman Assistant for Information Systems & Technical Services, Eng. Azza Nour Eldin; GM of the Process Technology Division, Mrs. Wedad Abaza; GM in the Business Development Division & Conferences Department Supervisor, Eng. Azza Waheed; GM Technical Services Division, Interior Design & Exhibitions Technical Services Department Supervisor, Eng. Samy Aabed GM Assistant Bussiness Development Division - Libya Branch Manager, Eng. Ashraf Wanas; Assistant GM - Acting HR Divison GM, Eng. Zenab Gamal; Interior Design & Exhibitions Technical Services Department Manager.

In addition, Eng. Mihad Moustafa, Eng. Iman Abu Bakr, Eng. Marwa Elsayed and Eng.Mohamed Alaa, from Process Technology Division participated in the conference.

The 19th International Conferenceon Petroleum Mineral Resources and Development



12th Middle East Geosciences Conference & Exhibition (GEO 2016)Under the patronage of H.H. Prince Khalifa bin Salman

Al Khalifa, the Bahraini Deputy Prime Minister, Sheikh Aly Ben Khalifa Al Khalifa, inaugurated the 12th Middle East Geosciences Conference & Exhibition (GEO 2016). It was held in the period from 7th till 10th March, 2016 in Bahrain International Exhibition & Convention Centre, hosting 130 international companies representing 20 states and a number of Bahraini officials including Dr. Abdulhussain bin Ali Mirza - Minister of Energy of Bahrain and chairmen of international and regional firms specialized in Geology, Geophysics, exploration & production technologies from

all over the globe.H.H. Shiekh Aly Bin Khalifa stressed that the

Conference & Exhibition (GEO 2016) is an important event, highlighting the latest developments in the domain of oil and gas, in addition to being an opportunity to be aware of the latest technologies in the domains of Geology, explorations, drilling and other aspects related to gas and oil.

The Egyptian Petroleum Sector participated in GEO 2016 with an extinguished booth covering a space of 121 m2. It included the Egyptian General Petroleum

Corporation (EGPC) and Enppi, Petrogas , EGAS, GANOPE and Sino Tharwa companies.

It is worth mentioning that, Enppi Internal Designs and Technical Services Department supervised the execution of the booth which attracted the admiration of all the visitors of the exhibition.

Enppi Vice Chairman; Eng. Alaa Khashab, Enppi KSA branch manager; Eng. Wael Lotfy and Eng. Samar Elnashar from the Internal Designs and Technical Services Department welcomed the visitors.

Enppi participated in the 8th Petro Environment Symposium, held under the patronage of H.H. Prince Saud bin Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud; Governor of the Eastern Province, at Dhahran International Exhibitions Center in Dammam, KSA during the period from Feb. 22nd – 24th, 2016. The conference tackled several topics, on the top of which, is the environmental progress in the petroleum and petrochemicals industry.

It is worth mentioning that, the conference and its alongside exhibition gathered all environment professionals and international companies from the upstream and downstream sectors under one roof, such as Saudi ARAMCO, SADARA, and others. Eng. Zakaria Lashin; Principal Process Engineer-Utilities & Enviroment Environmental Engineering Section Supervisor –Process Technology Division represented Enppi in the symposium.


Under the patronage of Ministries of Electricity, Agriculture, Environment, Water Resources & Irrigation, Industry and Commerce, the 2nd International Energy Saving Solutions, Water Saving, Green Building, Recycling, Green Oil & Gas Conference & Exhibition was held in the Social Fund for Development Hall-Cairo Fair Ground, during the period from 7th till 9th April, 2016.

The conference was sponsored by the Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Venus Co. and Complete Energy Solutions Co.

Dr. Wael El-Desoky, Manager of the Entrepreneurship Center for Business and Strategic Marketing at AASTMT, welcomed the attendees and gave the floor to H.E. Mr. Kris Lazaris, the Greek Ambassador in Cairo, to give the inauguration speech.

In an exclusive interview with Enppi News, the Greek Ambassador announced that, there are continuous and profound negotiations between Greece and Egypt regarding a number of energy-related subjects, specially in regards to petrochemicals, the transportation of the Egyptian gas to the European markets via the Greek harbors and territories, the cooperation with the Egyptian private sectors to explore gas potentialities in Sinai and the isles of the Aegean Sea and the possibility to cooperate regarding solar power, in addition to the plans aiming to upgrade some projects such as the wind mills field in Ain Sokhna in which some Greek firms are already partners.

The objectives of the conference were:• Instructing end consumers

regarding the ideal use of energy on the personal level and on the level of the society, via the

organization of workshops, seminars and exhibitions.• Creating a mechanism for the integration of the

exerted efforts in this sector, via deepening the consumers awareness of the modern solutions used in preservation domain.

• Assisting the governmental agencies and donors of projects aiming to decrease consumption.

• Replacing the current lighting systems and bulbs in the streets, gardens, houses and facilities with saving bulbs.

The conference discussed many topics, including:• The future of the clean Energy in Egypt.• Solar power solutions and applications.• Water preservation and the management of irrigation

and sewage waters.• Technologies and phases of waste recycling.• Biofuel.

The conference was attended by Eng. Zakria Lasheen, Eng. Mohamed Samir and Eng. Wessam Gamal from Process Technology Division, and Chem. Hosam El-Bindary and Chem. Ahmed Ismail from HSE Division.

Go Green Expo 2016

The 8th Petro Environment Symposium at KSA


14 | Enppi -June 2016

Egypt Downstream Summit & ExhibitionUnder the Patronage of H.E. Eng. Tarek El Molla, Min-

ister of Petroleum & Mineral Resources, Eng. Mohamed Elmasry, Former Chairman of EGPC inaugurated The Egypt Downstream Summit & Exhibition, organized by the World Refining Association, in the period from 15th till 16th February, 2016 in Fairmont Towers Hotel, Cairo.

The conference is the first of the kind to be held in Egypt. It focused on attracting investments and highlight-ing the recent projects in the domains of oil refining and petrochemicals. The main objective of the conference was discussing how Egypt may acquire the potential tran-sitive industries business opportunities, the most essen-tial applications and practical solutions in this sector.

The conference also discussed a number of topics re-garding the most important and recent developments in the oil refining and petrochemical domains and displayed the up-to-date technologies, which assist to raise produc-tivity and quality standards.

A considerable number of oil experts representing gov-ernmental and industrial institutions, in addition to licen-sors, investors and businessmen attended the conference.

Enppi took part in the exhibition of the conference with a unique booth, through which Enppi capabilities can be identified as the leading EPC contractor in the Middle East and Africa. Visitors expressed their admira-tion of the booth and of Enppi’s achievements in the do-mains of oil refining and petrochemicals.

Eng. Alaa Khashab, Enppi Vice Chairman for Engineer-ing affairs, Eng. Zahraa Abou El-Hagag, Information Sys-tems & Technical Services Chairman Assistant, Eng. Alaa Kamal, GM Bussiness Development Division, Mrs. Wedad Abaza, GM Bussiness Development Division & Conferenc-es Department Supervisor and Eng. Zenab Gamal Interior Design & Exhibition Technical Services Department Man-ager welcomed the visitors.

The conference was attended by delegates from Enppi including; Eng. Azza Nour Eldin- Process Technology Di-vision GM, Eng.Hisham Tawfik GM Project Engineering, Eng. Samy Abed, Assistant GM Bussiness Development Divi-sion, Eng.Abdel Aziz Saad, Eng. Ahmed Fathy, Eng. Adham ElMaghraby from the Business Development Division and Eng. Ahmed Kamal from the Proposal & Contracts Division.

Enppi Participates in the Suez Canal Global ConferenceUnder the auspices of the Egyptian President, Abdel

Fattah El-Sisi; the Suez Canal global conference was held and organized by Suez Canal Authority in partnership with Ministry of Transportation at G.W. Marriot Hotel in Cairo during the period Feb. 22nd- 24th, 2016.

Enppi participated in the conference among a formal delegate comprised several petroleum companies. In addition, a number of concerned ministers, maritime transportation experts, owners and operators of international naval lines, investors, ambassadors, commercial chambers representatives participated in the conference.

The conference was a valuable opportunity to confirm the vital role of Suez Canal in serving the International Trade and the Egyptian economy, and to maximize the benefit from the available investment to increase shipping loads transiting in Suez Canal. Eng. Alaa Khashab; Enppi Vice Chairman for Engineering Affairs, Eng. Alaa Kamal; General Manager in the Business Development Division and Dr. Eng. Ehab Sayed; G.M. in the Cost Engineering Division and Cost Engineering Systems Department Supervisor, represented Enppi in this fundamental conference.


Seminar on the Future of Oil and Energy in Light of Climate ChangesEnppi participated in a Seminar on the Future of Oil

and Energy in light of Climate Changes, organized by Ain Shams University, in cooperation with Ministries of Elec-tricity, Petroleum and Mineral Resources & New Planet Institute on January 30th ,2016.

The seminar was attended by Eng. Mohamed Taher, Ministry of Petroleum Undersecretary, representing the Minster, Eng. Osama Kamal, former Minister of Petrole-um, Dr. Hussein Eissa, Ain Shams University Former presi-dent and current Member of Parliament, Dr. Mohamed Farouk, Head of the Residue Sector in the Ministry of En-vironment representing the Minister of Environment, & Dr. Hisham Kassas, Head of the institute of the Environ-mental Researches & Studies in the University, in addi-

tion to various professors and electricity, petroleum and mineral resources staffs.The conference tackled the following topics:• The future of oil and energy in light of climate changes.• The impact of both; Paris Conference and the prevail-

ing reduction in oil prices on the future of energy.• Coal liquefaction and groundwater usage as sources

of renewable energy.Enppi was represented in the conference by Eng. Azza

Nour El-Din, Process Technology Division GM, Eng. Kareem Hammam, Assistant GM- Mechanical Engineering Division - Mechanical Engineering Department Supervisor and Eng. Tarek Abdel Hafez from the Mechanical Engineering Division.

22nd Annual AFA Fertilizer Forum & ExhibitionIn the framework of Enppi endeavor to open a diversity

of business opportunities in the field of fertilizers, it par-ticipated in the 22nd Annual AFA Fertilizer Forum & Exhibi-tion, held under the slogan “ Fertilizers and the Water for a Sustainable Agriculture”, during the period from 2nd till 4th February, 2016 in Hotel InterContinental Cairo Semiramis .A variety of topics were discussed in the forum, including: • The status of fertilizers in the Arab World.• The impact of the current political developments on

the industry of fertilizers.• The futuristic vision on the international fertilizers

(supply & demand).• The futuristic domains of the fertilizers market in India,

China, North America and Latin America.• The international developments related to Nitrogen

and Phosphate fertilizers.

• The improvements of water and water resources in the Arab World.

• The international food security and the role played by fertilizers in the future of agriculture.

• Fertilizers shipment.It is worth mentioning that, the Arab World constitutes

one third of the international reserves of gas, which is an essential component of the Nitrogen fertilizers industry, 70% of the Phosphate ore and 5% of the potash reserves.

In this context, Enppi adopts a clear vision to cope with the developments and to be able to ingress this domain.

Enppi was represented by Eng. Wessam Gamal, Eng. Hassan Taman and Eng. Islam Hamdy from Process Tech-nology Division, in addition to Eng. Mahmoud Essam, Eng. Mahmoud Osama and Eng. Mohamed Hassan from Me-chanical Engineering Division.

International Conference onInternational Investment Arbitration - Issues & Challenges

Out of Enppi pursue to keep abreast with the latest updates in the arbitration field to encourage invest-ment in Egypt, Enppi participated in the conference titled «International Conference on International In-vestment Arbitration- Issues and Challenges», held in Cairo Regional Center for International Commercial Ar-bitration on March 31st, 2016. The conference tackled various essential topics such as;• The binding legal frame of international invest-

ments and national investment laws, in addition

to dual investment treaties and multi-parties.• The political transformations in the Arab World

and reasons of international investment disputes and available resolution.

• Arbitration as a method to settle investment dis-putes concerning defects and reforming.

Mrs. Iman Ahmed Taha; Principal Contracts Coordi-nator and Supervisor of Contracts Section – Proposals and Contracts Division represented Enppi in the con-ference .

Human Resources


Computational Fluid Dynamics «FLACS & CFD» ProgramIn an attempt to enhance the engineering capabilities

and develop technical competencies for ENPPI engineers, Safety & Loss Prevention Engineering Department - Pro-cess Technology Division- managed to purchase Flame Acceleration “FLACS” program. This will allow ENPPI to achieve a distinguished rank among the international en-gineering companies. This 3D program is responsible for studying and demonstrating how to deal in case of gas leakage and explosion simulations, by using Computa-tional Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The training course was held for the Process Technology Division engineers to enable

them to use the program in their coming projects.It is worth mentioning that, the FLACS program, which

is owned by GEXON, is one of the most famous programs recommended by all international companies. This is due to its accuracy in recognizing and analyzing many proper-ties that facilitate the selection of the most appropriate system for gas detection, flame and firefighting systems design, building anti-blast design, as well as detecting ac-cidents. ENPPI is considered one of the pioneer users of this program in the Middle East, aiming to meet the re-quirements of the international companies.

«Compex» Certificate Oil & Gas Management ProgramThe HR division is keen on sharpening and enhanc-

ing the technical skill of Enppi employees as one of its competitive advantages. Towards achieving this ob-jective, the Training & Development department ar-ranged for the participation of Eng. Abo Bakr Elsedik Mohamed from the Mechanical Engineering Division in a training program titled “Oil & Gas Management” in December 2015 At General Electric Co. in Florence, Italy.

By the end of the program, Eng. Abo Bakr has gained a comprehensive overview of the Oil & Gas in-dustry from different perspectives and was exposed to the latest technology applications and equipments.

Enppi is always keen to cope with the world’s updated systems and developments in the execution of electrical installments and I&Cs instruments. Accordingly, it focused its efforts on certifying 9 engineers from E&I Division on the installation works in hazardous areas by authorized institutions in coordination with internationally certified “INTERTEC” Co. “INTERTEC” training team accompanied by a mobile laboratory was available for them in Cairo to carry out the practical and theoretical training course.

As a result, Eng. Ahmed El Sayed, Eng. Zakareya Hegazy, Eng. Anis Mohamed, Eng. Mohamed Soliman, Eng. Walid Atteya, Eng. Ahmed Qasim, Eng. Mohamed Ghazawi, Eng. Ahmed El Gendi and Eng. Mohamed Zaki are now qualified to work in hazardous areas. They were awarded “Compex” certificate to perform installations and maintenance works in hazardous areas after passing both the practical and theoretical tests successfully. It is worth mentioning that E&I Installation Div. trained two of its engineers through attending the same course at “INTERTEC” Co. Headquarters in Scotland in 2013. They were awarded the certificate due to accomplishing the electrical installations operations and instruments in Assil & Karam Project.


Within the framework of Enppi strategy for establishing profound business relationship with the Egyptian oil and gas companies through creating value & in the light of the Egyptian Petroleum Sector’s recommendations of developing the managerial & leadership skills of the senior management, Enppi in cooperation with GANOPE has designed & implemented a customized training course titled: “Strategic Management & Organizational Behavior”. The course was executed during the period from March (13th – 17th) ,2016 by two of the top notch management trainers in Egypt and the Arab world: Dr. Ahmed Ragheb and Dr. Raafat Youssef, with the participation of twelve delegates from GANOPE top

management. It is worth mentioning that, the training course is part of GANOPE management development plan and succession planning. The main objective was to expose participants to the modern management concepts and leadership with emphasis on strategic planning and follow-up, as part of the overall applied strategy.

Technical Specialized Course on the Applications of «Relay Coordination Study»In order to rehabilitate Enppi electrical engineers

to perform effective technical studies of electrical protection in projects, HR Division contacted Glorosh Co.; a specialized organization which provides certification and consultation in industrial training, in cooperation with international associations, to conduct «Relay Coordination Study» training course. The course was

executed for 12 engineers from Electrical Engineering Division during the period from Feb. 28th – Mar. 3rd, 2016.

The main objective of the course was to provide participants with an overview of protection and coordination ETAP load analysis and short circuit analysis, as well as introducing the new features of ETAP program Ver. 14 new features.

«Post Occupancy» WorkshopFollowing Enppi vision and commitment regarding

energy consumption in all company activities and operations, and to cope with the global trend and the State’s policy for energy conservation, HR Division contacted Dr. Shady Attia; registered Architect, and LEED accredited professional to conduct the «Post Occupancy»

workshop on Jan. 4th, 2016, with the participation of 6 engineers from Architectural Dept. of Enppi.

It is worth mentioning that, the objective of this workshop is to build on the knowledge related to green building design, building energy modeling and monitoring techniques.

A Training Program on SESAM MARINE for Offshore DivisionIn accordance with comprehensive plans which started

more than 3 years ago, to develop Enppi potentialities in the Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering field, the Offshore Structure Division held a training course for a group of its engineers on the “SESAM MARINE” program, in cooperation with the HR Division and the owner of the program, “DNV-GL”.

The program included simulations of some floating facilities , the extent of their stability and the execution of dynamic and kinetic analysis of those facilities, since it is considered the milestone regarding the relationship among the fixed offshore structures, which include the marine platforms, docks and the subsea structures, on one hand, and the floating offshore structures that

include oil & liquefied gas tankers and the marine unites used to transport and build the marine facilities, on the other hand.

It is worth mentioning that, the program enables Enppi to enter a wider business scope in the offshore field.

Enppi & GANOPE Mutual Cooperation in the Field of Training

Certificates

Master’s Degree in Management of International Trade Logistics

M.Sc. in Mechanical EngineeringM.Sc. in Mechanical Power Engineering

Eng. Ahmad Mouhamad Sharawy - Project Procure-ment Manager in Procure-ment Division has obtained Master’s degree with Excel-lence in Management of In-ternational Trade Logistics from the Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Mari-time Transport. The Mas-ter’s Thesis titled “The Effect

of Logistic System on the Efficiency of Procurement Ser-vices” and discusses generally the Procurement & Logis-tics activities and services, focusing on solving the prob-lems facing oil & gas projects in Egypt. The thesis mainly focused on how to raise the efficiency of procurement services, and included the following topics:• Identifying the importance of Procurement & Logis-

tics in details.• Identifying the procedures on the project level show-

ing how functionally procurement & logistic depart-ments work in terms of activities, such as purchasing & traffic departments.

• Determining the responsibilities of the Procurement & Logistics team on the project level.

• Elucidating how the outsourcing process takes place in the Procurement Plan and how the quotation pro-cess work out.

• Identifying the related parts involved in the Procure-ment Process & Logistics services on Project Level.

• Identifying the Project key persons responsible for decisions related to Procurement & Logistics Plans & the convenient strategy, according to the volume of material & goods, required for the project and their delivery periods.

• Issue the appropriate suitable Plan for Managing the Project Procurement & Logistics activities, through Determining the potential Suppliers, Countries of Manufacturing, shipping Lines, and shipping periods.

The Master’s certificate helps the Procurement de-partment personnel at Enppi to have a generic functional vision of Egypt Oil & Gas Organizational Work Levels Hi-erarchy, and how to build an integrated project Procure-ment/Logistics system, which could minimize to a large extent the problems usually found in these processes on project Level, and facilitate the work of logistic & procure-ment disciplines as much as possible.

Eng. Mahmoud El-Sayed Matbouly from Mechanical Engineering Division - Ma-chinery Section was award-ed his M.Sc. from Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, in the field of mechanical power engineer-ing. The thesis entitled “Ex-perimental Investigation of Using Double-Volute Casing

Centrifugal Pump to Reduce Radial Thrust”. The above results could be utilized in the following: • The multi volutes centrifugal pump can be used in

several scientific and industrial fields. • Research and development in the field of centrifugal

pumps and compressors. • Introducing some new ideas to increase reliability

and availability of the centrifugal pumps by reducing radial thrust force.

• Energy saving and enhance the pumps’ efficiency.

Eng. Ali Said - Me-chanical Engineering Division, obtained the M.Sc. degree from the Arab Academy for Sci-ence, Technology and Maritime Transport; the thesis entitled:

«Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Lid-Driven Square Cavity Completely Filled with Porous Material».

It is worth mentioning that, the above feature is used in several practical and industrial fields of engineering, such as solar collectors, heat ex-changers, packed-bed catalytic reactors, nuclear energy systems and geosciences (hydrogeology, petroleum geology, geophysics). This is certainly reflected positively on the company’s deliverables and all its technical disciplines as well.

Eng. Ali Said


Eng. Mahmoud Matbouly

Eng. Ahmad Sharawy

Eng. Wael El Aidy

MBA from the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport

Eng. Wael El Aidy, Section Head in the Civil Engineering Division obtained his Master’s Degree in Business Administration from the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, with Distinction in February 2016.

It is worth mentioning that, Business Administration aims at introducing pro-fessional development, basic knowledge of management and analysis skill de-velopment to solve problems and take decisions. Furthermore, Business Admin-istration highlights social, economic and political changes that affect business in any entity.

Eng. Heba-Tallah Khaled Abd El Badie, from Electri-cal Engineering Division, has obtained her M.Sc. in Electri-cal Engineering, which was titled “Optimization of Hy-brid Renewable Energy Sys-tem Using New Techniques” from Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University.

The thesis has highlighted that the significant in-crease in demand for energy has driven the global energy consumption to unprecedented levels. As a result, the cost of energy has reached high level. In addition, the harmful emissions from fossil fuel (coal,

petroleum, natural gas…etc) causing serious environ-mental and health problems and are the main cause of the global warming phenomenon, all that has neces-sitated an urgent search and development in scientific research for renewable energy sources and optimizing their utilization.

In this thesis, simulation has been done for electric power systems consisting of hybrid renewable energy resources utilizing solar cells and wind turbines, in or-der to make the optimum use of this energy.

The case study has been done using new optimi-zation technique called “Particle Swarm Optimization technique” in order to reach the optimum value and location of hybrid renewable energy resource, which shall be connected to power system.

M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering

M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering

Eng. Sherif Mohsen Ismail- Senior Electrical Engi-neer in Electrical Engineering Division- obtained the M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from Faculty of Engi-neering – Ain shams University.

In this thesis, power systems harmonics and their mitigation techniques in the industrial electrical sys-tems are investigated and analyzed from both tech-nical and economic aspects.

Novel technical and economic studies are intro-duced to enable the design engineers and consult-ants of the industrial electrical power systems to select the optimal mitigation technique for their

plants.Power system har-

monics cause many prob-lems, such as equipment failures, malfunctions and plant shutdowns.

Accordingly, mitiga-tion of these harmonics is considered an impor-tant target, especially for the industrial applications, where any short downtime period may lead to great economic loss.

Eng. Heba-Tallah Khaled


Eng. Sherif Mohsen

Distinguished Achievement by Enppi in YASREF Periodic Audit on Both “MC-06 Warehouse” & “MTBE” Projects

Enppi has attained an honorable achievement by applying high quality standard performance, according to HSE management system and pass-ing Yanbu Aramco Sinopec Refining Company (YASREF) HSE Compliance audit, conducted in KSA, at both “Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE)” project on February 7th, 2016 and “MC-06 Warehouse” Project on Feb-ruary 21st, 2016.

It’s worth mentioning that, this audit is conducted periodically on all YASREF contractors. A team of YAS-REF HSE experts reviewed all applied HSE standards on the administrative and field audit categories in both projects, according to the inspection & audit checklists .

Enppi has achieved a credit-able percentage score of “94.96%” in “MTBE” project audit, as well as “95.57%” in “MC-06 Warehouse” project audit.Therefore, YASREF awarded Enppi a Certificate of Rec-ognition for achieving the highest score in YASREF safety audits, which qualified the company to achieve the “Golden Banner” as the best HSE performance in “MC-06 Warehouse” compliance audit in year 2016, where Enppi was a role model for all other contractors, thanks to the Top Man-agement and Project Management support to implement high quality HSE performance in accordance with the international standards and cli-ent requirements.

As a leading company in its field, Enppi cooperated fully with the YAS-REF HSE compliance audit program and expressed its willingness to take further steps to ensure continual

improvement and to maintain the efforts exerted to prevent incidents and related work injuries.

In addition, YASREF awarded a certificate of appreciation to Enppi for its successful completion of de-tailed engineering design and safe erection of warehouse building steel structural in “MC-06 Warehouse” project. Moreover, another certifi-cate of appreciation has been award-ed to the site HSE specialist: Chem. Elshahat Elkholy, in recognition of his contribution in the successful com-pletion of 30% of the construction progress of the same project. Fur-thermore, YASREF awarded Chem. Gamal Gouda a certificate of appre-ciation for his outstanding contribu-tion to the completion of the con-struction works of “MC-04” project, which was delivered prior to its con-tractual delivery date. Moreover, Mr. Saad Al Garny, YASREF MC-04 Proj-ect Manager expressed his gratitude for this high quality achievement in accordance with safety standards, as a result of the selfless team support and extraordinary efforts , in addi-tion to the remarkable HSE perfor-mance that met client requirements in both projects.

The MC-04 Project scope of work includes: plant roads, ditches, ex-ternal fence , wells monitoring and road crossing & finishing.

It is worth mentioning that, YASREF held a celebration ceremony for both projects, where the prizes have been awarded for both Enppi and other subcontractors. It had a positive impact on the relations between the two companies.

Miscellaneous


Appreciation Letter to Enppi

Gold Award Certificate


The British Energy Industries Council Visits Enppi

Special Appreciation from PhPC to Enppi Project Team at West Harbor Expansion Bypass Project

Prequalification of NPCO for ISO 9001 & OHSAS 18001

In the framework of the British Energy Industries Council’s business development strategy to support British companies and open new horizons of coopera-tion in the field of energy with countries worldwide, a delegation representing the BEIC, the British Embassy in Egypt and representatives from the British compa-nies registered in the BEIC visited Enppi on February 22nd, 2016.

The delegation highlighted the BEIC companies’ varied experience and scope of work.

During the visit, Enppi experience specifically, in the field of procurement, registration and qualification stated on Enppi website, were highlighted.

It is worth mentioning that, the delegation was pre-sided by Mr. Terry Williams, BEIC Middle East Director, while Enppi was represented by Eng. Mohamed Abdel Aziz, Project Managers\Engineers General Manager, with the attendance of representatives from different Engineering Divisions, Business Development and Pro-curement Divisions.

Pharaonic Petroleum Company «PhPC» dedicated a special appreciation to Enppi team for the efforts exerted in West Harbor Expansion Bypass Project (WHX) at Port Said. About 95% of the gas bypass execution has been accomplished and will contribute in the final Tie-ins as planned in April, 2016.

PhPC praised the outstanding performance of Enppi technical support engineers, under the efficiently controlled supervision of the Site HSE

team and the utmost efforts exerted to perform all the required activities, in timely and excellent performance, as expected from Enppi, with high quality and safety standards, in accordance with client requirements and international standards.

Moreover, PhPC has expressed its thankfulness to Chem. Fathi El Sayed and Chem. Ahmed Sheta from HSE Division and Eng. Walaa Nasr from Construction Division.

In line with Enppi eminent role to provide technical service & support to Egyptian oil & gas companies as well as others, Enppi has provided the prequalification services to the National Petroleum Company (NPCO)- an affiliated company to the Egyptian Armed Forces’ National Service Products Organization – to obtain ISO 9001 certificate for Quality Management Systems and OHSAS 18001 certificate for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems.

Enppi, represented by its qualified technical cali-bers in this field, has provided the technical support, field visits and required training services for NPCO employees, to comply and effectively implement the requirements of the international standards ISO 9001

& OHSAS 18001.NPCO has praised the exerted efforts and distin-

guished technical support for the company’s prequali-fication to acquire the certificates; particularly the fruitful cooperation and notable performance of Enppi QEHS Division team.

It is worth mentioning that, Enppi is accredited from the National Quality Institute to provide training and prequalification services in quality, environment, energy, Occupational Health and Safety management systems.

Enppi is proud of NPCO’s appreciation and trust and promises to exert its utmost efforts to maintain its customers’ satisfaction for the development of Egypt.

Essays


� �

[email protected]

Piping Systems Subjected toExternal Hydrostatic PressureUnder Influence of Geometrical Imperfection

Cylindrical shell is subjected to external hydrostatic pressure; it induces stresses as those induced due to internal pressure, but in the negative direction, which can lead to plastic buckling in case the yield limit was exceeded. However, the cylinder can fail without exceeding yield limit at a much lower value, when the external pressure exceeds the maximum allowable external pressure of the geometry. This type of failure is called elastic baulking. There is key parameters effect on elastic backing as D/T diameter to thickness ratio, L/D length to diameter ratio, and type of loading, which totally changes the buckling behavior of the shell. The most common applications are:1. Piping Systems under Vacuum.2. Subsea Pipelines.3. Jacketed Piping.

Buckling of shells is generally sensitive to small geometric imperfections induced in the fabrication process, which dramatically reduces the shell buckling strength. There are several design codes such as; ASME Code for Process Piping B31.3 and Submarine pipeline systems code DNV-OS-F101 set certain criteria to limit the effect of geometric imperfections such as; ovality at 1%, Eccentricity at 1% and thickness tolerance at 12.5%. This study will focus on ovality (Fig.1), since it is not controlled and caused not only during fabrication process but also during the transportation and construction phases.Methodology:

FE (Finite Element) models have been developed to simulate the allowable tolerance in the design codes, and compare it with the results obtained from the

Fig. 1: Ovality Divergence Fig. 2: ANSYS Program

Eng. Amr SragPiping Engineering Division


Where Pci=Imperfect pipe critical pressure obtained by FEA Pcp=Perfect pipe critical pressure obtained by FEA Pc= critical pressure calculated using ASME codecase procedure

analytical model. This study was carried out on carbon steel pipes with the following characteristics:

Young’s modulus E = 200,000 N/mm2, Yield strength Fy = 240 N/mm2 and Poisson ratio v = 0.3 at pipe length exceeding the critical length relevant to its D/t.The Mathematical Model: the pipes were modeled by using SOLID WORKS modelling program and then imported to FE analysis program «ANSYS» (Fig. 2). The Analytical Model: Analysis was executed using PV ELITE piping and pressure vessel calculation program to calculate the critical pressure.Results & discussion:

The results were arranged in schedules and illustrated in figures as the following was concluded:

C4 geometrical imperfection combination was found as the most severe geometrical imperfection combination among other reduction; which was found about 40% (Fig.3). But the geometrical imperfection reduction percent calculated by design code was found between 60% to 70% in thin wall pipes, and 80% to 90% in thick wall pipes (Fig.4).

It is worth mentioning that, thin wall pipes are more likely to experience ovality effect than thick wall pipes. The effect of (1% to 3%) ovality on pipe critical pressure is almost negligible. However, at ovality of 10% and above, the critical pressure dramatically decreases and exceeds the tolerance stated in the design code (Illustrated in Fig.5), also it was found that the D/t has no major influence on the pipe critical

pressure reduction percent.It was noticed that, the DNV code takes into

consideration the ovality as variable parameter in the design equations, but ASME code (American Code) only stated the ovality as constant parameter in the design equations (Illustrated in Fig. 5), although the true value can only be determined after construction.Recommendations:

It is highly recommended to carefully handle the pipes used in previously mentioned applications during transportation, storage and construction, specially thin wall where D/t ≥ 40 pipes, since it is more sensitive and measure the ovality before pipe construction, to determine the final ovality percentage considering not to exceed 10%.

* This article is a part of a scientific research paper published by IJISET «International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology» (Vol. 2 Issue 12, December 2015) by Author; Eng. Amr Srag.

Fig. 5: Ovality Impact on the Critical Pressure of the Pipes

Fig. 3: Impact of Geometrical ImperfectionAccording to Mathematical Model

Fig. 4: Impact of Geometrical ImperfectionAccording to the Analytical Model

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