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![Page 1: Fuel Cell Simulator System Martin Ordonez, Masters Candidate Supervisors: Dr. M. Tariq Iqbal Dr. John E. Quaicoe Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5517821f55034645368b51e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fuel Cell Simulator System
Martin Ordonez, Master’s Candidate
Supervisors:
Dr. M. Tariq Iqbal Dr. John E. Quaicoe
Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial University of Newfoundland
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Introduction
Fuel Cells (FC)
Why FC Simulators?
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Organization
Direct Methanol FC (DMFC) and Electronic Load
Description
Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC
Fast Dynamic Power Converter for FC
Simulators
Stand Alone FC Simulator
A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single
FC
Conclusions
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DMFC System Description
Cross section of the DMFC
Membrane Electrode Assembly
Anode and Cathode Plates
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DMFC System Description
Cross section of the DMFC Actual DMFC
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Electronic Load for FC Systems
Conceptual Schematic of the electronic load power stage and instrumentation
Picture of the Electronic load
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An Advanced Electronic Load for FC Systems
Conceptual Schematic of the electronic load based on Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
DSP board top view
DSP board bottom view
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An Advanced Electronic Load for FC Systems
The advanced electronic load Power module expansion
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DMFC Steady State Characteristic Curve
FC Polarization Curve
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Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC: Current Steps
Response to a series of current steps : v-i plot
Response to a series of current steps : time domain plot
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Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC: Power Steps
Response to a series of power steps : v-i plot
Response to a series of power steps : time domain plot
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Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC: Resistive Steps
Response to a series of resistive steps : v-i plot
Response to a series of resistive steps : time domain plot
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Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC: Current Ripple
DC+AC current test for 25Hz and 400Hz: v-i plot
DC+AC current test for 25Hz and 400Hz: time domain plot
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Power extraction as a percentage of the power extraction without ripple
Current Ripple Operation: Output Power Reduction
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Peak Power Availability
Peak power extraction from no-load to 400mA : v-i plot
Peak power extraction from no-load to 400mA : time domain plot
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TransActOhmico VVVEV
CR
VV
Ci
dt
VVd
a
TransActo
TransAct
1
FC Electrical Equivalent Model
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Summary
Advanced electronic load
Dynamic behavior of a DMFC
Power reduction with current ripple operation
Peak power availability
Examination of the generic FC dynamic model
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Fast Dynamic Power Converter for FC Simulators
Dynamic response requirements?
Fast dynamic responseLarge signal frequency response:
DC+AC current test for 25Hz and 400Hz: v-i plot
• Unity Gain• Negligible phase shift
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Evaluation of Isolated Converters
Flyback
ForwardPush pull, half and full bridge
Following a reference signal Inductor and output current
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Reversible Buck converter
Topology Selected for the Power Converter
Advantages:Avoid discontinuous conduction modeFast capacitor discharge (reverse current)Best switch utilizationSuitable for switching surface control
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Control Strategy: A Simple Analogy
Which is the fastest way to travel by car?
MallUniversity
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Maximum acceleration Brake!!!!
Control Strategy: A Simple Analogy
Answer: Time optimal
MallUniversity
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Control Strategy: Time Optimal
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Control Strategy: Parameter Change
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Control Strategy: Normalization
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Control Strategy: Normalized Switching Surface
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Control Strategy: More Switching Surfaces
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Control Strategy: Facts About Switching Surfaces
Facts:
No unique SS can give a universal solution
Simple approach to predict the transient response: The closer the better
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Control Strategy: Inspection of the Ideal Transient
C
LRcd 2
1
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Control Strategy: Region of Convergence
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Control Strategy: Control Law
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Power Converter Prototype
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Simulation vs. Experimental Results
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More Experimental Results
Start up and resistive steps Frequency response
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Summary
Analysis of the dynamic requirements
Converter topology selection
Control strategy: Selection of a SS
Prototype development
Experimental result
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Stand Alone Fuel Cell Simulator
Conceptual block diagram of the system
Suitable for Laboratory operation No computer No communication cards No licensed software Small low cost system
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TransActOhmico VVVEV
CR
VV
Ci
dt
VVd
a
TransActo
TransAct
1
Parameters of the Model
1)
2)
3)
4)
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FC Model vs. Actual FC
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DSP-based Implementation
Flow diagram of the FC model and power converter controller
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FC Stack Emulation: 55 Single Cells in Series
Response to a series of current steps : v-i plot and time domain plot
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Summary
Empirical model with reduced computational requirements
Development of a stand alone FC simulator based on a DSP
The most important feature: portability
Good match between the FC simulator and experimental results
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A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC
Replacing FC model for a small single FC
Include membrane drying, catalyst poisoning, aging, etc.
Avoid results that depart from reality Use of scale up rules
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A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC
Control Area Network (CAN) bus PC based monitoring and analysis Fast dynamic power converter for
FC simulators Four modes of operation
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A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC
Control Area Network (CAN) bus PC based monitoring and analysis Fast dynamic power converter for
FC simulators Three modes of operation
![Page 45: Fuel Cell Simulator System Martin Ordonez, Masters Candidate Supervisors: Dr. M. Tariq Iqbal Dr. John E. Quaicoe Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5517821f55034645368b51e8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC
Control Area Network (CAN) bus PC based monitoring and analysis Fast dynamic power converter for
FC simulators Three modes of operation
![Page 46: Fuel Cell Simulator System Martin Ordonez, Masters Candidate Supervisors: Dr. M. Tariq Iqbal Dr. John E. Quaicoe Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5517821f55034645368b51e8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC
Control Area Network (CAN) bus PC based monitoring and analysis Fast dynamic power converter for
FC simulators Three modes of operation
![Page 47: Fuel Cell Simulator System Martin Ordonez, Masters Candidate Supervisors: Dr. M. Tariq Iqbal Dr. John E. Quaicoe Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5517821f55034645368b51e8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Operating Principle
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Experimental Results: Current Ripple Operation
120 Hz current ripple operation: v-i plot and time domain plotCh1: Power converter output voltageCh2: Single FC output voltageCh3: Single FC output currentCh4: Power converter output current
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Experimental Results: Current Step Response
Current step response : v-i plot and time domain plotCh1: Power converter output voltageCh2: Single FC output voltageCh3: Single FC output currentCh4: Power converter output current
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Concluding Summary
• Electronic load development
• Dynamic test of DMFC
• Power converter design
• Stand alone FC simulator
• A novel FC simulator based on a single FC
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Acknowledgments
Dr. T. IqbalDr. J. QuaicoeMs. Moya CrockerDr. R. VenkatesanDr. P. PickupDr. O. YepezDr. M. Koen AlonsoMr. F. GhioldiProf. R. Oros
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Fuel Cell Simulator System
Martin Ordonez, Master’s CandidateSupervisors: Dr. M. Tariq Iqbal
Dr. John E. Quaicoe
Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial University of Newfoundland
Questions?