April 4, 2005 1

Micro-Fuel Cells "Tomorrow's Power Source Enabled by Carbon-Nanotubes"

T.J. Wainerdi Director of Business Development

Project Director – Fuel Cell Electrode Project

April 4, 2005 2

Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc. (CNI)

• Company founded in 2000

• Exclusive, worldwide license of carbon nanotechnology IP from Rice University

• Developing markets –over 500 customers worldwide

• Production scale up to commercial units

April 4, 2005 3

Single Wall Carbon-Nanotubes (SWNT)

The strongest, stiffest, toughest molecule there will ever beThe strongest, stiffest, toughest molecule there will ever beThe most inherently conductive organic moleculeThe most inherently conductive organic molecule

The ultimate engineering polymerThe ultimate engineering polymer1 nm1 nm

1,000 nm 1,000 nm –– 10,000 nm10,000 nm

• SWNTs are unique– Polymers of pure carbon– High aspect ratio (up to 10,000:1)– Unique electron configuration

• SWNTs have extraordinary properties– Strength (100x steel, 1/6th weight)– Electrical conductivity (copper)– Thermal conductivity (3x diamond)

April 4, 2005 4

EnergyEnergyFuel cellsFuel cellsSupercapacitorsSupercapacitorsPhotovoltaic cellsPhotovoltaic cellsLightweight compositesLightweight composites““Quantum WiresQuantum Wires””

–– Electricity generationElectricity generation–– Power transmission linesPower transmission lines

ElectronicsElectronicsField emissionField emission

–– Flat panel displaysFlat panel displays–– Electron device cathodesElectron device cathodes–– LightingLighting

SensorsSensors–– Chem/bioChem/bio–– GasGas–– PressurePressure–– FlowFlow

Logic and memory devicesLogic and memory devicesInterconnects Interconnects

CompositesCompositesElectrically conductive compositesElectrically conductive composites

–– Wide range of conductivitiesWide range of conductivities•• AntistaticAntistatic•• Electrostatic dissipation Electrostatic dissipation •• EMI/RFI shieldingEMI/RFI shielding

–– Parts, films, sealants, inks, adhesives, Parts, films, sealants, inks, adhesives, coatingscoatings

Reinforced compositesReinforced compositesTougher, stronger, stiffer, wear resistant Tougher, stronger, stiffer, wear resistant

–– Thermosets and thermoplasticsThermosets and thermoplastics•• Parts, coatings Parts, coatings

–– High performance fibersHigh performance fibers•• Ballistics protection, offshoreBallistics protection, offshore

–– High performance ceramicsHigh performance ceramics•• Structural parts, thermal coatingsStructural parts, thermal coatings

Thermally conductive compositesThermally conductive composites–– Electronics packagingElectronics packaging

SWNTs Offer Incredible Opportunities!

April 4, 2005 5

PEM Fuel CellCatalyst Catalyst SupportSupport Gas Diffusion Gas Diffusion

LayerLayer

Bipolar Bipolar PlatePlate

Polymer Polymer ElectrolyteElectrolyteMembraneMembrane

HH2 2 inin Air inAir in

HH22O, NO, N2 2 OutOut

April 4, 2005 6

Geometric issues effect electrode performance.

2 µ

20 nm

• Mass Transport

• Charge Transport

• 3 Point Contact

April 4, 2005 7

SWNT enable a thin film “free standing” electrode< 1µ

Side View

PE

M•SWNT known to form thin, strong, high conductivity films (up to ~5000 S/cm)

•High porosity for good mass transport

•Enhance 3 Point contact of gas, catalyst and PEM.

Front View

April 4, 2005 8

SWNT Electrode Carbon Black Electrode

SWNT ensures catalyst and PEM contact while providing “super-highways” for electrons.

April 4, 2005 9

+

PEM

SWNT’s ability to conduct protons as well as electrons, further enhances ability to achieve 3-point contact.

Pt

April 4, 2005 10

Oxidation proceeds only at open ends

Sides are extremely inert

• 99.99% of the carbon atoms are on the sides.

• Tubes can be provided with closed ends.

SWNT should demonstrate significant enhancement in chemical stability compared to carbon black.

April 4, 2005 11

SWNT anode doubled power density while reducing Pt catalyst by 98%!

Hydrogen PEM Fuel Cell

April 4, 2005 12

Exponential growth in energy requirements driven by enhanced multifunctional electronics….

April 4, 2005 13

…… while maintaining wireless portability.

April 4, 2005 14

Micro-fuel cells offer dramatic potential for improvements in energy density.

April 4, 2005 15

Improved power densities and reduced cost are required to achieve mass replacement of Li-Ion

battery technology!

MICRO FUEL CELLS

April 4, 2005 16

CNI’s Partnership with Industry Covers the Entire Value Chain

ElectrodeRaw Materials

Fuel CellElectrodes

MembraneElectrodeAssembly

Micro-FuelCell

Next Gen.Portable

Electronics

Carbon Nanotechnologies

&

Johnson Matthey

Motorola Motorola

“Free Standing” Single Wall Carbon-Nanotube Fuel Cell Electrode

Johnson MattheyCarbon Nanotechnologies

&

Johnson Matthey

The Partnership won a $3.7 Million grant from the National Institute of Standards & Technology – Advanced Technology Program!

April 4, 2005 17

Introduction of next generation electronics is anticipated to fuel demand…….

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Elec

troni

c Sh

ipm

ents

($B

)

N.A.W.E.AsiaROW

Source: World Fuel Cells to 2007, Freedonia Group, May 1, 2003, Table 10

April 4, 2005 18

…..thereby fueling the demand for longer lasting power!

Uni

t -M

Potential Portable Electronic Market Size for Micro-Fuel Cell Technology

400

29246813562227100.5

455

44287022582840110.7

520

65347229623056121.2

560

84367430633268

121.5

0100

200300

400500

600

700800

9001000

2002 2005 2008 2010

Portable DVD

Video Cam

Digital StillCameraPower Tool

RC / Toy Mkt

Hand held / PDA

Portable Audio

2-Way

Note Book

Cellular

April 4, 2005 19

Potential for value creation from micro-fuel cells is high…..

April 4, 2005 20

Projected Global Sales Revenue for Fuel Cell Electrode

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

($M

) CellPhonesLap Tops

PDAs

Chargers

Cameras

Assumes comparable energy cost to a Li-Ion Battery ~ $3000/KW

…… and potential value capture from SWNT is significant!