Fructele
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Transcript of Fructele
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Fructele
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Ce sunt fructele?
Fructele sunt alimente de origine vegetala, apreciate din punct de vedere
nutritiv prin continutul lor bogat in glucide, saruri minerale, vitamine si
acizi organici.
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Clasificarea fructelor*Dupa structura, fructele se grupeaza in:
- fructe semintoase - fructe samburoase
- fructele arbustilor si semiarbustilor fructiferi - fructe nucifere*Dupa gust si aroma, fructele se grupeaza in:
- citrice - acidulate - astringente - zaharoase - uleioase*Dupa continutul in substante nutritive, fructele se impart in:
- fructe zaharate sau carnoase - fructe amilacee
- fructe oleaginoase
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Clasificarea dupa structura
- fructe semintoase (bace false), care sunt carnoase, au semintele inchise in compartimente cu pereti pergamentosi (mere, pere, gutui); - fructe samburoase (drupe), caracterizate prin pulpa suculenta si sambure tare care inchide in interior samanta (caise, prune, piersici, visine, cirese, etc.);- fructele arbustilor si semiarbustilor fructiferi (bace adevarate si false), care au pulpa zemoasa, suculenta si cu seminte mici raspandite in pulpa fructului (fragi,capsuni, zmeura, smochine, coacaze si afine);- fructe nucifere:din aceasta grupa fac parte: nucile, alunele,migdalele, fisticul, arahidele.
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Clasificarea dupa gust,aroma
- citrice (lamai, portocale, mandarine, grepfruit, chitra);- acidulate (mere, pere, caise, prune, piersici, visine, cirese, fragi, capsuni, zmeura, mure);- astringente (gutui, afine);- zaharoase - amidoniase (banane, castane);- uleioase (nuci, alune, migdale, arahide, fistic);
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Clasificarea dupa continutul in substante nutritive
- fructe zaharate sau carnoase , caracterizate prin continut mare in apa (75-90%), in glucide (glucoza, fructoza, zaharoza, celuloza) si sarace in lipide si protide. Aceste fructe mai contin substante pectice (proprietate de a forma jeleuri), acizi organici (malic, tartic si citric), saruri minerale (sodiu, potasiu, calciu, fosfor, fier asimilabil, iod, etc.), vitamine hidrosolubile in special B1, B2, C (citrice); - fructe amilacee, bogate in amidon si sarace in zahar (banane, castane);- fructe oleaginoase, cu un continut mare in lipide si mic in apa si glucide (nuci, alune, arahide, migdale).
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Fructele mai pot fi:
• Autohtone(din tara noastra) ex:afine,mere,pere,cirese,gutui,zmeura
• Exotice(din exteriorul tarii noastre)
ex:pomelo,rodii,portocale,banane,mango
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In fructe se gasesc urmatoarele vitamine:
- vitamina A, in:ananas, curmale, caise, mere, pere, migdale, nuci, etc.;- vitamina B1, in: citrice, struguri, mere, pere, banane, nuci, migdale;- vitamina B2, in: citrice, struguri, mere, pere, banane, caise, nuci, arahide, castane;- vitamina C, in : citrice, banane, afine, mere, pere, etc.;- vitamina E, in: masline, nuci, migdale.
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Realizat de:
ROATIŞ IRIS