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The Communist The Communist Revolution in Revolution in

ChinaChina

The Chinese Civil WarThe Chinese Civil War Battle for control of China between…Battle for control of China between… NationalistsNationalists

Led by Chiang Kai-ShekLed by Chiang Kai-Shek

CommunistsCommunists Led by Mao ZedongLed by Mao Zedong

**Began after the Boxer rebellion and turmoil between 1911-1928. Catalyst = Chiang expels Communists from Nationalist party in 1930s

1930s-40s and during WWII1930s-40s and during WWII In 1934, the Nationalists set out after the In 1934, the Nationalists set out after the

Communists and forced them to flee to Communists and forced them to flee to northwest Chinanorthwest China This 6000 mile journey was called the “Long March”.This 6000 mile journey was called the “Long March”. About 90,000 communists and their families made About 90,000 communists and their families made

the journey; about 7000 survivethe journey; about 7000 survive

Japan invades in 1937Japan invades in 1937 Nationalists and Communists join forces once again Nationalists and Communists join forces once again

to fight invadersto fight invaders After the war, however, they go back to fighting each After the war, however, they go back to fighting each

otherother

The Chinese Civil WarThe Chinese Civil War (1945-1949)(1945-1949)

The Communist VictoryThe Communist Victory Why did the Communists succeed? Why did the Communists succeed?

Won the support of the peasantsWon the support of the peasants through through his policies of his policies of land reformland reform

Mao preached to the poor; promised to establish a Mao preached to the poor; promised to establish a “dictatorship of the people”“dictatorship of the people”

Denounced imperialism and promised to Denounced imperialism and promised to remove foreign influenceremove foreign influence

Called for China to industrialize; take its place Called for China to industrialize; take its place as a leading world poweras a leading world power

Won support of middle-class and educated Won support of middle-class and educated Chinese by promising to end humiliation of Chinese by promising to end humiliation of China by foreignersChina by foreigners

The Fate of the NationalistsThe Fate of the NationalistsThe Communist victory The Communist victory

forces the Nationalist forces forces the Nationalist forces and Kai-Shek to the island of and Kai-Shek to the island of TaiwanTaiwan, where they set up a , where they set up a Nationalist government.Nationalist government.Still exists to this day, though Still exists to this day, though

China claims the island as its China claims the island as its ownown

Taiwan also known as Taiwan also known as ““NationalistNationalist ChinaChina””

Creating the Communist Creating the Communist OrderOrder

The Communist ConstitutionThe Communist Constitution Set up a National People’s CongressSet up a National People’s Congress Permitted free elections, other democratic rightsPermitted free elections, other democratic rights

In practice, however, China became a one-In practice, however, China became a one-party dictatorshipparty dictatorship Mao Zedong becomes Mao Zedong becomes ChairmanChairman of the of the

Communist Party, strongest leaderCommunist Party, strongest leader Communist party members held all of the Communist party members held all of the

important jobs in governmentimportant jobs in government Communists did not allow dissent, used the Communists did not allow dissent, used the

People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to maintain orderPeople’s Liberation Army (PLA) to maintain order

Flag of Communist ChinaFlag of Communist China

Symbolism of the Chinese Symbolism of the Chinese FlagFlag

Red = Revolution, bloodshedRed = Revolution, bloodshed Large star = Chinese Communist PartyLarge star = Chinese Communist Party Smaller stars = 4 ethnic groups in ChinaSmaller stars = 4 ethnic groups in China

Mongolians, Manchurians, Tibetans, MuslimsMongolians, Manchurians, Tibetans, Muslims

The Rule of Mao ZedongThe Rule of Mao Zedong (1949 – 1976) (1949 – 1976)

““Chairman Mao” was seen Chairman Mao” was seen as a heroas a heroCommunists used Communists used

propaganda to create propaganda to create mythical, heroic status for mythical, heroic status for MaoMao

Chinese taught to respect and Chinese taught to respect and revere his leadership; he had revere his leadership; he had all the answers, was infallibleall the answers, was infallible

Children and adults Children and adults memorized his memorized his Quotations Quotations From Chairman MaoFrom Chairman Mao (“The (“The Little Red Book”)Little Red Book”)

Quotations from Quotations from MaoMao

““In class society, everyone lives as a member of In class society, everyone lives as a member of a particular class, and every kind of thinking, a particular class, and every kind of thinking, without exception, is stamped with the brand of without exception, is stamped with the brand of a class.” a class.”

““We should support whatever the enemy We should support whatever the enemy opposes and oppose whatever the enemy opposes and oppose whatever the enemy supports.” supports.”

““The revolutionary war is a war of the masses; The revolutionary war is a war of the masses; only only mobilizing the masses and relying on them can mobilizing the masses and relying on them can wage it.” wage it.”

• “ “A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.”by which one class overthrows another.”

China Under MaoChina Under Mao

China restores order and ends foreign influence China restores order and ends foreign influence Food production increases, schools are built, health care provided to manyFood production increases, schools are built, health care provided to many

Over the years, Mao launches several efforts to strengthen ChinaOver the years, Mao launches several efforts to strengthen China Great Leap Forward, Cultural RevolutionGreat Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution

**These meet with mixed results…**These meet with mixed results…

• Under Mao, China essentially Under Mao, China essentially becomes a becomes a totalitariantotalitarian state state

- Government controls all - Government controls all aspects of the lives of aspects of the lives of

citizenscitizens

The Death of MaoThe Death of Mao

When Mao dies in 1976, though some When Mao dies in 1976, though some discontent with his policies exists, he is discontent with his policies exists, he is still venerated and honored by the still venerated and honored by the ChineseChinese

ReviewReview Give one reason why the Communists Give one reason why the Communists

succeeded in winning the Chinese civil war.succeeded in winning the Chinese civil war. Where were the Nationalists forced after Where were the Nationalists forced after

the Communist victory in 1949?the Communist victory in 1949? What position did Mao Zedong hold in What position did Mao Zedong hold in

China?China? What do the stars on the Chinese flag What do the stars on the Chinese flag

represent?represent? What method did the Communists use to What method did the Communists use to

create a mythical status for Mao?create a mythical status for Mao? Under Mao, China became a Under Mao, China became a

________________ state.________________ state.