Frontenac, Lennox & Addington Science Fair -...

Frontenac, Lennox & Addington

Science Fair Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington

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1101 Clare swinton

Div/Cat Life and Earth / Primary

Title: global warming

Summary: My Frontenac, Lennox and Addington science fair project is about global warming. My 2017 science fair project explains what happens during global warming and also it explains how during global warming .It affects lots of things. It talks about how polar bears are affected during global warming. Also it explains how global warming melts ice in the Arctic and Antarctica. There will also be a little presentation with water. One cup will be filled with cold water and the other cup will be filled with warm water and I will explain that from the first time that the cold water is the first time and the warm water is like 2017. Also i will explain that when the earth is warming up during global warming that the earths oceans warm up too with it. i chose this matter because i think that global warming is a huge matter around this world which it is and we cannot just let it slip through our fingers so i think the government should do something more about it. i think we should do something more than just sitting around on our ipads and save the world from global warming.Im Clare Swinton and I believe in global warming.



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1102 Ruoning (Sophie) Shen


Title: Green Roofs: Can They Do More Than Looking Pretty?

Summary: Abstract Written by Ruoning (Sophie) Shen Through my background research, I found out that the black tar on our roofs actually make the house warmer than it already is! Building a rooftop garden could, provide vegetation, keep the house cool, and clean the air. The earliest records of green roofs are the ziggurats of Ancient Mesopotamia, which were huge and massive stone structures built between 4,000 – 600 BC. The purpose then was to provide shade for the visitors. There are many layers that needs to be built before adding the soil and plants, including growing medium, filtration, drainage/storage layer, root barrier, and the waterproof membrane. The purpose of my project is to find out how roof-top gardens can help cool down our houses. My hypothesis is that a rooftop garden will keep the temperature lower. I started out with measuring the room temperature with no heat lamp so I can compare it with the heated temperatures later on. In my first experiment, I placed a shoebox (model of a house) with tar (as the roof) under a heat lamp. I let this rest for 30 mins, a thermometer was inside the shoebox to record the temperature after the 30 mins. In my second test, I did the exact same thing but with a tray of chia sprout on the tar paper. These steps were repeated two more times for accuracy. In the end, I averaged the numbers and created a graph. I found out that the temperature for the shoebox without a green roof was 28 degrees, the shoebox with a roof top garden was 24.2 degrees, and the room temperature was 23.3 degrees. The temperature for a traditional house and the temperature for a house with a green roof differed by 4 degrees Celsius. The green roof helped keep the building cool, therefore, my hypothesis was correct. I learned that the black tar did actually make the temperature rise higher. The results of my experiment suggested that building a green roof can be beneficial. Together, we might even help slow down global warming! It might be a bit of work, but it is definitely worth it.



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1103 Tess Fraser


Title: Rain & Run Off

Summary: My science experiment is about determining which roofing material would provide the safest roof runoff to be used for vegetable gardens. In this day in age, people are always looking for ways to conserve water for both financial and enviornmental reasons. Increasingly, people are using their roof runoff to water their vegetable gardens. Through my background research I determined that Zinc, Copper, Arsenic, Lead, and Cadmium can often be present in roof runoff. These metals, depended on the quantity, can be harmful to humans. For example, Cadmium is a metal that is confirmed to be linked to human pancreatic cancer. It is not good for our brain, bone, or blood pressure. The materials I tested where: Cedar shingles, Asphalt, and Metal roofing. For my procedure I nailed each roofing material to a 2ft by 4ft piece of plywood and propped it up on a long staircase. This was because it kept the roof slanted every run of ‘rain’. Next, I poured 1litre of distilled water 4 times down the roof. At the end a small sample of the water was collected and submitted to Caduceon Enviormental Laboratories in Kingston for professional testing. My results showed that out of all of the three roofing materials Metal roofing was the safest because it had the lowest levels of metals in the majority of the materials. Asphalt ended up being the worst, because it had the highest levels of all the metals. My hypothesis was that Metal roofing would be the best in reducing metals, and it ended being the best. My hypothesis was supported. In conclusion, Metal roofing was the first-rate material for safe roof runoff.



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1104 Sarena Sandhu


Title: Rusting Rebar

Summary: Hypothesis: According to background research I predict that the sand will be the least corrosive due to it not having chloride. Question: Do deicers erode rebar, if so which is the worst threat? Materials: Rock salt (sodium chloride), urea and calcium chloride, pre-mix (sodium chloride/ calcium chloride blend), steel wool, potassium chloride, tap water, gravel, kitchen scale Procedure: 1. Buy materials 2. Create solutions of water, gravel and the deicer 3. Dip the metal in the solutions and leave them for 1 week 4. Weigh and observe the metal at first, in the middle then at the end 5. Put them in again leave for another week 6. Repeat #4 (rub off rust before measuring) 7. Record the results 8. Display the project at science fair Observations: On the second day I found that 1 and 3 were doing well and were not corroding but 2 and 4 were corroding very fast. At the end of the first section all of them were corroded. At the start of the second section before the wool was put in the water and salt combinations were blue except for #4(the water was dumped and changed). After the wool was put in the water, it instantly went black. The instant change of color was due to the rusted part of the wool breaking off. Also during the time that the steel was left out #1 and #3 left the most rust on the paper towel.



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1105 Sanjana Sinha


Title: Magnetism

Summary: Question: Why does the compass always point North ? Hypothesis: When solids attract each other, magnetism is the cause. Therefore, attraction is the test of magnetism. Experiment: #1 Use magnet #1 to attract an iron nail #1. #2 Use magnet #2 to attract an iron nail #2. #3 Use magnet #1 North Pole to attract magnet #2 South Pole #4 Use magnet #1 North Pole to attract magnet #2 North Pole #5 Use iron nail #1 to attract iron nail #2 Observation: #1 Attraction occurs #2 Attraction occurs #3 Attraction occurs #4 Repulsion occurs #5 Nothing occurs Inference: From case #1, #2 and #3 we can identify that attraction occurs between a magnet and a ferromagnetic metal, as well as, between opposite poles of different magnets From case #4 we can definitely say that only repulsion occurs between similar poles of different magnets From case #5 we can say that ferromagnetic metals, by themselves, neither attract nor repel each other. Conclusion: Attraction is a persuasive test for magnets, but repulsion is conclusive. The earth is a giant magnet whose North Pole attracts the South Pole of the compass magnet to line up towards it. For ease of navigation, the compass arrow pointing North is painted on its South Pole. That’s why the compass always points North.



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1106 Stepan Samuleev


Title: The five second rule!

Summary: I am trying to prove that the five second rule ( if you drop an apple you have five seconds two pick it up, before it gets dirty) is correct. I will drop apples on multiple surfaces and then take a q-tip and will swop the surface of an apple and transfer the germs( A germ is bacteria that is bad and good. We have many germs in our body that help us like in our intestines. but if bad germs com in and start hurting your body your white blod cells will destroy the germ) to a petry dish with agar. I will wait and see all of the germs grow on the dish, and then I will compare. I hope that the apple with five seconds on the ground will grow fewer germs than the apple with more than five seconds on the floor. I will try different foods, pears, candy, marshmallow, bread, cereal, a spoon, orange and a lightbulb. I will take multiple pictures under a microscope, and in human. The agar is like food for the germs, so that you can see the germs. That is what I Stepan Samuleev am doing Thanks! chers Yeah !



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1107 Annie Tanzola


Title: Mouldemort! Is There A Spell To Prevent Evil Mould?

Summary: My project is about preventing mould from growing on bread. Mould is a type of Fungi from the Fungi Kingdom. Some moulds are safe to eat like brie cheese but many are very harmful if to you eat them. In my project, I chose five different environments to grow mould; bread in a ziplock bag, bread in the fridge, bread under UV light, bread with dehumidity packs, and bread vacuum sealed. I believe that changing the temperature, lighting, and oxygen level of the bread would effect the amount of time and the amount of mould that would grow. I found a dark space to put three containers, made room in the fridge for one container, and cleared out my bread box for two pieces of bread each. Each day for the next twelve days, I recorded and took pictures of what breads grew mould on what day in what environment. After the twelfth day, I will determine which piece of bread grew the least mould. It is important to prevent mould from growing on bread because you can get very sick if you don't realize you are eating mouldy bread. It is also a waste of food if you allow bread to get mouldy and then you are throwing the bread out. After concluding the experiment I will have determined the best way to prevent mould growth on bread. After that, I will look at ways to apply this to everyday life.



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1108 Matthew O'Connor


Title: Which soil works the best on plants.

Summary: My science fair project is which soil works the best for plants like flowers or roses. I am going to get 3 different kinds of soil and see which one works the best. I am going to water and put them in the sun for a good amount of time and see which one works the best and produces the best flower or plant. I am very excited for this project because my school has never done anything like this before. I really really hope I win this because I want the prize and that's why I signed up for it. I don't know when this is do. my project will be hopefully done by the end of March or the beginning of April. my project will be presented in front of a bunch of people on Bristol board and i really hope i win. Again that's why i signed up for it! i am going to use different types of soil but NOT the packs they give you when you buy it. i am going to go to the store and buy random packs of soil and see which one work the best as you saw in the title.



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1109 Zahra Simpson-Stairs, Isobel Smallman


Title: Fluid Attraction! How do liquids affect magnets?

Summary: The purpose of our project is to find out whether the viscosity (thickness) of a liquid affects the strength of a magnet. In every object there are many atoms and atoms have electrons spinning around them. Usually electrons move in all kinds of crazy directions, but in a magnet electrons move in the same direction creating a strong force that can pull items made of steel or iron toward the magnet. We think that a magnet will be able to pull a metal object more quickly through a liquid with low viscosity than a liquid with high viscosity. This is because liquids with high viscosity have a lot of friction between the molecules making the liquid slower to pour and making it harder for objects to pass through them. The procedure for our experiment will involve filling glasses with different liquids - water, vegetable oil, corn syrup. We will put a metal object at the bottom of each glass of liquid and place a magnet outside the glass on the side furthest from the metal object. We will then time how long it takes for the metal object inside each glass to reach the magnet that is pulling it. The results of this experiment will give people a better understanding of how magnets work and how different conditions make magnets stronger or weaker.



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1110 Gavin Doherty


Title: How to Literally Save Earth!

Summary: People are wasting more soil than they are creating. This is making it more difficult to grow crops and raise animals. There are easy ways to fix this. This is what I will be explaining in my project.I have multiple ways of helping the situation that are clearly explained throughout my project that are simple to do and that young viewers can do at home along with a great experiment that shows the harm of soil exposure and how it destroys habitats of animals and hurts farming areas. Soil may seem just like dirt to us and that's probably why we treat it the way we do. Maybe its because soil usually takes care of itself decomposing plants and animals to make more soil and then some soil gets destroyed however the balance is easily tipped. With all the farming that goes on destroying and regenerating crops exposes the soil to harsh winds,waters,and more that do a cruel job to the soil. We lose so much soil to water and well we can't do much farming there can we? this is on of many things we can easily fix using hard work and imagination we can help stop all the soil exposure before it becomes a serous problem,the earth may not be perfect but we can make it better!



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1111 Isabella Savage


Title: Fermentation.

Summary: purpose: for my project i will be experimenting if dough needs yeast and sugar to rise. hypothesis: i think that the dough will need the yeast and the sugar to rise. i also think that the cup will need the combination of yeast sugar and warm water to make it foam. Procedure First, I took three bowls and filled them each with one cup of cold water. Next, I took three clear plastic cups and labeled them one, two and three, and put them each in separate bowls. Then I put in one teaspoon of yeast, ¼ cup of warm water and two teaspoons of sugar into cup number one, and mixed them together. Next, in glass number two, I put in one teaspoon of yeast, and ¼ warm water, and mixed them together. In cup number three I put in one tablespoon of yeast. Then I observed the sight, smell, touch and sound from each of the cups. Analysis: While I conducted my experiment, I observed many things in cup one, two and three. In cup one, it smelled strongly of yeast. When I first added the yeast sugar and water, it did nothing. When I stirred them together, it didn't do anything but then it started to foam after a minute. The foam kept rising higher for a few hours, until it filled almost half of the cup. In cup two, when I added the yeast and the water, it did nothing. When I stirred them together, they started to clump together, and stayed clumped, floating at the surface of the water. After stirring for a few minutes, they continued to stick together in chunks. This cup did not smell as strongly as yeast as the first cup did. In cup number three, I only added yeast. The yeast did nothing because it was just sitting there. I believe that the first cup reacted the most because when the hot water, yeast and sugar were combined, the yeast dissolved in the warm water, and enzymes in the yeast broke down the sugar into smaller particles. This produced carbon dioxide, which bubbled causing air holes. The air holes caused it to foam, and rise. If I were to make the water too hot or too cold, the yeast would die, as well as the enzymes, and there would be no reaction. My hypothesis was correct, you need both yeast and sugar to make dough rise.



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1112 Jack dejong


Title: electrolysis of water

Summary: the project i will be doing is electrolysis of water. the problem is during the electrolysis of water which electrolyte conducts electricity the best. Energy is stored in the bonds of molecules. when these bonds switch apart the energy is released to do work. breaking apart liquid water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen gas creates an huge amount of energy witch can be turned into useful energy to power our homes and cars. to break these bonds some amount of energy is required to get the atoms in water molecules active enough to break apart from each other with this project we supply this energy with a battery. All batteries have two terminals and a negative terminal the water than connects these terminals so energy can flow between them. as the electricity flows trough the water the water splits. what you need for this distilled water,tap water,2 silver colored thumb tacks,9v battery, small clear plastic container,2 test tubes stop watch, backing soda table salt, lemon and a dish washing detergent. distilled waterv and lemon juice,distilled water and table salt,distilled water and dish detergent,distilled water [no additive],tap water.lemon juice is a good electrolyte because it is a electrolyte because it is a acid



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1113 Claire Murphy


Title: How Yeast Comes Alive

Summary: Yeast is an ingredient in recipes where you need the dough to rise. But how does it work? In this project I'm going to try a few things out then learn the answer. So I'm going to figure out what is the right combination of fluids and temperatures for yeast to work best. In this experiment I will watch yeast come to life as it breaks down sugar through a process called fermentation. First I'll try using water (like most recipes call for) and I'll try mixing the sugar and yeast with different temperatures of water to see what works best. Then I thought that if sugar was such a good food for yeast then maybe a liquid that's more sugary than water would be something to try too. So I went to the store and looked at the sugar content of a lot of juices and found one that had high sugar content and used that instead of water with the yeast. I didn't use a carbonated drink because I didn't think we'd be able to heat it up and that is one of the factors we are observing. So, which combination is going to work best to grow that yeast ?



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1114 Jean Hough


Title: Butter Up

Summary: I really enjoy baking and I want to be able to make the best tasting cookies for my friends and family. To do this I need to understand peoples’ preferences. I completed a science experiment to determine if people prefer chocolate chip cookies made with butter or margarine. My hypothesis is that my family and friends prefer cookies made with margarine because from my baking experiences they have a softer texture. To determine this I baked two batches of cookies, one made with margarine and one made with butter, keeping all the other variables the same. To test my hypothesis, I conducted a “blind” taste test with 56 tasters. During the baking process several differences between butter and margarine cookies were observed. The cookie dough batter made with margarine was thinner and runnier than the batter made with butter. During baking, the margarine cookies held their shape longer than the butter cookies. When finished baking the butter cookies were crispier than the margarine cookies. The butter cookies were slightly browner around the edges. The results of the taste test showed that 32 people preferred butter cookies and 24 people preferred margarine cookies. A quick look at the results would suggest that I should use butter all the time. However, when the results are broken down for our family, 4-1 preferred margarine. The results for friends are 31-20 butter. This would suggest that when baking for family, I use margarine and when baking for friends use butter. It is important to consider if the overall results are accurate. If given more time, the results could be considered more accurate if, more testers were included (example 100), each tester repeated the taste 3 times and provided a reason for their selection. This would provide more definite results and allow for better interpretation of the results. For further experimentation, a valuable hypothesis to test would be if my family and friends prefer a chocolate chip cookie that is made with 50% butter and 50% margarine.



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1115 Eileen Hickey


Title: The Impact on Humans of Cougar Repopulation in Ontario

Summary: I have looked at sources from field researchers who have studied the impact of cougars on the ecosystem and humans. Cougars are designated as an endangered species in Ontario because, in the past, they were hunted as a pest and as a threat to livestock. Only more recently have researchers understood that cougars are a valuable species to the ecosystem as apex predators. Cougars control ungulate populations which prevents over-grazing, deer-vehicle collisions, and damage to water systems from overgrazing on willows and riverbanks. Still, many humans are frightened of cougars and the Ministry of Natural Resources has not created a species recovery plan. I will analyze research done by scientists and ecologists to compare the positive impact of a healthy cougar population with the negative impact. Positive results of a healthy cougar population include fewer deer-vehicle collisions, less ungulate overgrazing, healthier water systems, reduced Lyme disease, and a reduction in pet predation by coyotes. Negative impacts on humans include potential pet, livestock and human deaths due to cougar predation, the cost of building cougar-proof livestock enclosures, and the cost of restoring cougar populations and habitats by building wildlife corridors. I will present my analysis and organize it to show how I calculated the positive versus negative impacts of a healthy cougar population in Ontario. My hypothesis is that if Ontario's cougar population recovers, there will be a substantial positive impact on humans, even with the potential loss of human, pet, and livestock lives from cougar predation. Cougar population recovery will save human lives by preventing vehicle collisions with ungulates. Humans in Ontario will have fewer deer-vehicle collisions and spend less money on repairing vehicles and on health care costs than on the cost of restoring cougar populations. Fewer humans will get Lyme disease due to the reduction in deer overpopulation. Although some people may think that more people will die from cougar attacks, that fear is based off stereotypes rather than scientific fact. My goal for this project is to persuade the Ministry of Natural Resources to develop a species population recovery plan for cougars in Ontario.



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1116 Gryffin Little


Title: Nothin' Shakin' On Shakedown Street

Summary: My science fair project is on the effect that an earthquake has on different types of structures. Many earthquakes are too small for anyone to notice however, some earthquakes are powerful enough to be felt thousands of miles away. For example, on October 17, 1989 the Loma Prieta earthquake happened in Northern California, with a magnitude of 6.9! The shock caused 63 deaths and 3,757 injuries. Many deaths from earthquakes are caused by buildings falling on people. There are two important factors that cause buildings to become damaged during an earthquake: 1. The intensity of the ground shaking during an earthquake; 2. How well buildings are constructed. Constructing buildings that are earthquake resistant are needed to reduce the damage and loss of life in an earthquake. The purpose of my experiment is to learn which types of structures can best withstand a simulated earthquake. In my procedure, I built the following four structures out of pipe cleaners and Styrofoam balls: a structure with no support, a structure with a damper, a structure with base isolation and a structure with cross bracing. Then I built a shake table from a Tinker Crate kit that I ordered online. I placed one of the four structures onto the Tinker Crate shake table. Then I turned on the battery-operated motor on the shake table for 30 seconds (control). Each structure was tested three times for 30 seconds. For each structure, I measured the sway during the simulated earthquake, the tilt after the simulated earthquake and I recorded if the structure had fractures, and if the structure remained standing after the simulated earthquake. My hypothesis stated that the cross braced structure would be able to sustain the magnitude of a simulated earthquake more than the other three structures that I chose to test. My experiment results showed how an earthquake can damage (dependent variables) various building designs (independent variable). The structure with no support did not sustain a simulated earthquake very well because there was a massive amount of tilt and sway with bends in the pipe cleaners. My results partially support my hypothesis because although the structure with cross bracing had the most sway (15mm after each trial), the structure had no tilt, there were no fractures and it remained standing after each trial of the simulated earthquake. However, the structure with base isolation did very well to sustain a simulated earthquake because it had the least amount of sway and had the second least amount of tilt compared to the structure with cross bracing. The structure with base isolation also had no fractures and it also remained standing after each trial. From my results, I have learned that structures with cross bracing and base isolation can sustain earthquakes. Thousands of lives are lost in powerful earthquakes which are mostly caused by poorly constructed buildings. Buildings with cross bracing and base isolation are smart designs that can save lives!



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1117 Sienna Matheson


Title: The sound of music

Summary: My project is to study what genre of music makes a red factor canary sing the most. I will be playing classical music, pop music country music, jazz music, blues music, and rock music, over the course of 3 days. I will play each different genre of music each day on 3 different days, at around the same time each day. Each time I play the music, I will use a different song by a different artist for that genre. I will time how long (how many seconds) my red factor canary sings during each song. I will use a chart to record my results. My hypothesis will be based on what sounds normally make my canary sing the most, whether it is high pitch sounds, low pitch sounds, etc. This is also to determine wheather lyrical music has different results than instrumental music. Pop music, country music, and rock music will be lyrical, but jazz music, blues music, and classical music will be only instrumental. I will play the music on three different days in a row. The music will be played at the same volume each time. I will make sure when the music is played there will be no other sounds in the background (coffee maker, fan, running water, etc.)

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