From the Vice Provost for Research

Annual Report 2003 - Cornell University

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[2] Reviewing the Year

[3] Selected Faculty Research

[4] Selected Books by Faculty

[5] Honors & Distinctions

[6] Transferring Technology

[7] Cornell Research Funding

[8] Centers & Colleges

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From the Vice Provost for Research

Cornell’s researchenterprise continues to bevery healthy and vibrant.Especially noteworthy isour success in majorastronomy projects and inobtaining significant newgrants in nanotechnology.

Our research funding sponsored by external agenciesincreased by more than 12 percent. Additionally, majorconstruction projects for the new life sciencesinitiatives are on track for scheduled groundbreaking in2005.

Cornell’s astronomy projects, sponsored by NASA,culminated with two successful missions to Mars.Rovers, developed by Steven W. Squyres and James F.Bell, Astronomy, have been exploring the surface ofMars for half a year. Significant new results are beingreturned almost daily.

A major space telescope, developed over the pastdecade by James R. Houck, Astronomy, and hisresearch team, was also launched this year. This newtelescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, is designed topeer into the infrared frequency spectrum. It iscurrently producing a remarkable amount of dataabout the origins of galaxies. The ability to see furtherinto the infrared end of the spectrum will permitstudies of the objects that are moving away from theEarth most rapidly. That is, objects at the edge of theuniverse.

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© 2004 by the Office of the Vice Provost for Research[OVPR], Cornell University.Last Updated:

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Annual Report FY 2003 - Research at Cornell

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Cornell’s research enterprise continues to bevery healthy and vibrant.

Especially noteworthy isour success in majorastronomy projects and inobtaining significant newgrants in nanotechnology.Our research fundingsponsored by externalagencies increased by

more than 12 percent. Additionally, major constructionprojects for the new life sciences initiatives are ontrack for scheduled groundbreaking in 2005.



This summer, the Cassini project, in which Joseph A.Burns, Theoretical and Applied Mechanics/Astronomyand Vice Provost for Physical Sciences and Engineeringis a principal investigator, will arrive at the orbit ofSaturn. The project is designed to study Saturn’smoons.

Cornell and Stanford University led a successful teamof 11 universities in obtaining the NSF award for theNational Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network(NNIN). The total funding for this network ofnanostructure fabrication centers is slated to be $90million over the next ten years.

During the past year, the Kavli Foundation selectedCornell as a site for a Kavli Institute at Cornell for

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Nanoscale Science. The Institute will have apermanent endowment of over $7.5 million and will bea “think tank” for developing future strategies innanoscience research.

In September, the Cornell NanoScale Science andTechnology Facility (CNF) will celebrate its 25thanniversary culminating in a conference in conjunctionwith the dedication of Duffield Hall. This new facilitywill house Cornell’s centers related to nanofabricationalong with a number of new initiatives of the Collegeof Engineering.

For Cornell, external funding of sponsored researchexceeded $400 million. Federal funding exceeded $321million, an increase of almost 16 percent. The mostimportant federal “patrons” of Cornell research werethe National Institutes of Health and the NationalScience Foundation, which provided nearly 75 percentof federal funding.

Although there is the threat of decreased support forscience in the 2005 federal budget, Cornell hopes thatthe plans and dreams of creative American scientistsare not jeopardized. We hope that federal investmentin research remains a high priority.

Robert C. RichardsonVice Provost for Research

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01. Higher Education in AfricaN’Dri T. Assié-Lumumba, Africana Studies andResearch Center

02. Wage Deterioration in the DeregulatedTelecommunications ServicesRosemary Batt and Harry C. Katz, Industrial and LaborRelations

03. Death Row Demographics and MurderStatisticsJohn H. Blume and Theodore Eisenberg, Law, andMartin T. Wells, Industrial and LaborRelations/Biological Statistics and ComputationalBiology

04. Hotel DiscountingLinda Canina and Steven A. Carvell, HotelAdministration

05. Untapped Oil ResourcesLawrence M. Cathles, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

06. Humans and ChimpanzeesAndrew Clark, Molecular Biology and Genetics, andRasmus Nielsen, Biometrics, and colleagues at CeleraGenomics

07. Making a Biodegradable PlasticGeoffrey Coates, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, andhis research group

08. Plant and Human Diseases Aided by BacterialPathogen SequencingAlan R. Collmer, Plant Pathology, Cornell colleagues,and colleagues at the Institute for Genomic Research(TIGR)

09. Work Stress and Food ChoicesCarol M. Devine, Nutritional Science, and colleagues

10. Creating a New FiberMargaret W. Frey, Textiles and Apparel, and colleagues

11. From Flesh Flies to Aerospace EngineeringCole Gilbert, Entomology, and research team

12. A Model for Studying Parkinson’s and

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Alzheimer’s DiseasesTeresa M. Gunn, Biomedical Sciences, and colleagueGregory S. Barsh (Stanford University)

13. Self-Correcting for Visual AcuityHoward C. Howland, Neurobiology and Behavior, andresearch team, along with Toshifumi Mihashi (TopConCorp.)

14. Seeing the Cosmos in Infrared SpectraJames R. Houck, Astronomy, and his SIRTF team

15. Continuity in Visual PerceptionScott P. Johnson, Psychology, and colleagues

16. First Gene Therapy for Parkinson’s DiseaseMichael G. Kaplitt, Weill Cornell Medical College,Neurological Surgery

17. Buzzwords of HistoryJon M. Kleinberg, Computer Science

18. Hot Cocoa, Green Tea, and Red WineChang Y. Lee, Cornell Geneva Campus, Food Scienceand Technology, and research team

19. Reading Genetic CodeJohn T. Lis, Molecular Biology and Genetics

20. Estrogen and MemoryTeresa Milner, Weill Cornell Medical College,Neurobiology

21. Managing EarningsMark W. Nelson, Johnson Graduate School ofManagement, and colleagues, John Elliott (BaruchCollege) and Robin Tapley (George WashingtonUniversity)

22. Foul No More: New Paints for Ships’ HullChristopher K. Ober, Materials Science andEngineering, and research colleagues

23. Housing Students in ParisNasrine Seraji, Architecture

24. Music MakingRoberto Sierra, Music

25. A Microchip for Observing Single MoleculesWatt W. Webb, Applied and Engineering Physics, andresearch colleagues

26. Clusters, Not IsolationMartin Wiedmann, Food Science, and researchcolleagues

27. Mission: To Mars!Steven W. Squyres, Astronomy

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© 2004 by the Office of the Vice Provost for Research[OVPR], Cornell University.




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01. Glenn C. Altschuler, American StudiesAll Shook Up: How Rock ‘n’ Roll Changed America(Oxford University Press, 2003)

02. Glenn C. Altschuler, American Studies, IsaacKramnick, Government, and R. Laurence Moore,HistoryThe 100 Most Notable Cornellians (Cornell UniversityPress, 2003)

03. Mary Pat Brady, EnglishExtinct Lands, Temporal Geographies: ChicanaLiterature and the Urgency of Space (Duke UniversityPress, 2002)

04. Ross Brann, Near Eastern StudiesPower in the Portrayal (Princeton University Press,2002)

05. Joan Jacobs Brumberg, HumanDevelopment/Feminist, Gender, and SexualityStudiesKansas Charley: The Story of a 19th-Century BoyMurderer (Viking, 2003)

06. Jonathan Culler, English, and Pheng CheahGrounds of Comparison: Around the Work of BenedictAnderson (Routledge, 2003)

07. Thomas Eisner, Neurobiology and BehaviorFor Love of Insects (Harvard University Press, 2003)

08. Gail Fine, PhilosophyPlato on Knowledge and Forms: Selected Essays(Oxford University Press, 2003)

09. Robert H. Frank, Johnson Graduate School ofManagementWhat Price the Moral High Ground?: Ethical Dilemmasin Competitive Environments (Princeton UniversityPress, 2003)

10. María Antonia Garcés, Romance StudiesCervantes in Algiers: A Captive’s Tale (VanderbiltUniversity Press, 2002)

11. Rick Geddes, Policy Analysis andManagement

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Saving the Mail: How to Solve the Problems of the U.S.Postal Service (AEI Press, 2003)

12. Alan G. Giambattista, Betty M. Richardson,and Robert C. Richardson, PhysicsCollege Physics (McGraw Hill, 2004)

13. Daniel Gold, Asian StudiesAesthetics and Analysis in Writing on Religion: ModernFascinations (University of California Press, 2003)

14. Kurt Gottfried and Tung-Mow Yan, PhysicsQuantum Mechanics: Fundamentals (Springer Verlag,2003)

15. Joseph Y. Halpern, Computer ScienceReasoning about Uncertainty (MIT Press, 2003)

16. Stephen F. Hamilton and Mary A. Hamilton,Human DevelopmentThe Youth Development Handbook: Coming of Age inAmerican Communities (Sage Publications, 2004)

17. William J. Kennedy, Comparative LiteratureThe Site of Petrarchism: Early Modern NationalSentiment in Italy, France, and England (JohnsHopkins University Press, 2003)

18. Thomas P. Lyons, EconomicsChina Maritime Customs and China’s Trade Statistics,1859-1948 (Willow Creek, 2003)

19. R. Laurence Moore, HistoryTouchdown Jesus: Mixing of Sacred and Secular inAmerican History (Westminster John Knox Press, 2003)

20. Robert Morgan, EnglishBrave Enemies (Algonquin Books, 2003)

21. Victor Nee, Sociology, and Richard AlbaRemaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation andContemporary Immigration (Harvard University Press,2003)

22. Dennis Reynolds, Hotel AdministrationOn-Site Foodservice Management (John Wiley andSons, 2003)

23. Jocelyn K.C. Rose, Plant BiologyThe Plant Cell Wall (Blackwell Publishing/ CRC Press,2003)

24. Daniel R. Schwarz, EnglishBroadway Boogie Woogie: Damon Runyon and theMaking of New York City Culture (Palgrave Macmillan,2003)

25. Hortense J. Spillers, EnglishBlack, White, and in Color: Essays on AmericanLiterature and Culture (University of Chicago Press,2003)

26. David C. Stapleton and Richard V.Burkhauser, Policy Analysis and ManagementThe Decline in Employment of People with Disabilities:



A Policy Puzzle (W.E. Upjohn Institute for EmploymentResearch, 2003)

27. Steven H. Strogatz, Theoretical and AppliedMechanicsSync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order(Hyperion, 2003)

28. Richard Swedberg, SociologyPrinciples of Economic Sociology (Princeton UniversityPress, 2003)

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American Academy of Arts and SciencesPeter Uwe Hohendahl, German Studies; ComparativeLiteraturePaul L. Houston, Chemistry and Chemical Biology

National Academy of SciencesJune B. Nasrallah, Plant BiologySaul A. Teukolsky, Physics

National Science Foundation Faculty Early CareerDevelopment ProgramKaterina Papoulia, Civil and Environmental EngineeringJed P. Sparks, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Beckman Foundation Young Investigator AwardDavid M. Lin, Biomedical Sciences

Academy of Motion Pictures and Sciences,Technical Achievement AwardStephen Marschner, Computer Science

American Meteorological Society, Jule G. CharneyAwardWilfried Brutsaert, Civil and Environmental Engineering

Carter G. Woodson Scholars MedallionRobert L. Harris, Jr., Africana Studies and ResearchCenter

International Association for the Advancement ofHigh Pressure Science and Technology, BridganAwardNeil W. Ashcroft, Physics

Guggenheim Memorial Foundation FellowshipMichael P. Steinberg, History

Sloan Foundation Research FellowshipsJohannes E. Gehrke, Computer ScienceDavid M. Lin, Biomedical SciencesDiana Murray, Microbiology and Immunology, WeillCornell Medical College

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01. Hybrid Silica Technologies, Inc. (HST)Founded to commercialize CU Dots FluorescentNanoparticlesSeveral years ago, Ulrich B. Wiesner, Materials Scienceand Engineering, and Ph.D. candidate Hooisweng Owcreated CU Dots fluorescent nanoparticles.

02. License for Biomaterials Yielded $1.75 Millionfor CornellFour patents for Cornell biomaterials technologylicensed to MediVas, a privately held company in SanDiego, California, resulted in $1.75 million in licensingpayments to Cornell when MediVas sold the exclusiveworldwide license to Guidant Corporation.

03. Transferring Technology, Statistics FY 2003

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01. Funding Cornell’s Research, FY 2003

02. Expending Research Dollars, FY 2003

03. Ranking Cornell Nationally

04. Ranking Cornell in New York

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01. Crossing DisciplinesSelected Research Centers at Cornell

02. Cornell’s Colleges and Divisions

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EditorErnestina Snead

CopyeditorNancy K. Bereano

DesignZanzinato

Senior Vice Provost for ResearchRobert C. Richardson

Vice Provost for Life SciencesKraig Adler

Vice Provost for Physical Sciences andEngineeringJoseph A. Burns

Vice Provost for Research AdministrationCharles R. Fay

PhotographyCornell University Photography, NASA/JPL/CU, SherylSinkow, Alexis Wenski-Roberts, Alan Arellano, AmeliaPanico, Roberto Torres, NASA, NASA/JPL/Arizona StateU/CU, Cornell News Service, Dede Hatch, Eli Gold,Randi Anglin, The Wiesner Group, Zanzinato

Cornell University is an equal opportunity, affirmative-action educator and employer.

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Annual Report 2003 - Cornell University

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From the Vice Provost for Research

Cornell’s researchenterprise continues to bevery healthy and vibrant.Especially noteworthy isour success in majorastronomy projects and inobtaining significant newgrants in nanotechnology.

Our research funding sponsored by external agenciesincreased by more than 12 percent. Additionally, majorconstruction projects for the new life sciencesinitiatives are on track for scheduled groundbreaking in2005.



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01. Higher Education in Africa

N’Dri T. Assié-Lumumba,Africana Studies andResearch Center,conducted a study oninnovations in highereducation in Sub-SaharanAfrica as part of a team ofresearchers commissioned

by the Foundation Partnership for African HigherEducation (Carnegie Corporation and the Ford,Rockefeller, and MacArthur Foundations). Theresearchers studied Francophone Africa, AnglophoneWest Africa, East Africa, and Southern Africa. Thestudy focused on three organizational levels—system,institution, and faculty/department—and eight areas—vision/mission, finance, governance,curriculum/quality, staff development, equity,relevance, and student life. Assié-Lumumba’s specificfocus was the Francophone countries where shedocumented 105 innovations reported by 16universities. She found that most universities arepublic, complemented by a small but growing numberof private/secular universities. She also discoveredthat most innovations concerned quality andcurriculum; the formulation of strategic vision andmission; and the relevance of teaching, research, andservice. Three areas that lacked innovations wereaccess/equity; student life; and finance. This findingsuggests resistance to the pressure for marketizationof higher education since the universities still rely ontraditional public funding.

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02. Wage Deterioration in the DeregulatedTelecommunications Services

Rosemary Batt andHarry C. Katz, Industrialand Labor Relations,conducted a new nationalstudy of the deregulatedtelecommunicationsservices, with colleagueJeff Keefe (Rutgers

University), documenting wage deterioration forworkers in the industry over the last five years. Theresearchers found that between 1998 and 2003, realwages fell by 10 percent for the primarily femaleworkforce in call centers—remote centers that handlecustomer service through technology-mediatedchannels. Wages for the primarily male workforce intechnical occupations fell by 12 percent. At the sametime, the quit rate for workers dropped by 20 percentfor service and sales workers and 40 percent fortechnicians. Quality of jobs and working conditionsdeteriorated. Call center workers experienced highercall volumes, lower discretion at work, greaterpressure to use scripted texts, higher electronicmonitoring of their work, and fewer internalpromotions. Technicians experienced substantiallyhigher rates of electronic monitoring and feweropportunities for internal promotion. These trendsreflect the poor economic performance and insecurelabor market conditions in the industry during thisperiod.



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03. Death Row Demographics and MurderStatistics

John H. Blume andTheodore Eisenberg,Law, and Martin T.Wells, Industrial andLaborRelations/BiologicalStatistics andComputational Biology,

compared death row demographics with murderstatistics in a study that was the first of its kind. Theresearchers examined the population and racialcomposition of death rows in relation to the number ofmurders and the race of murder defendants andvictims. The large death row populations in California,Florida, and particularly Texas, with a very highmurder rate, may lead to the belief that these stateshave high death sentence rates. However, afteraccounting for a state’s number of murders, Oklahomaand Nevada were more death-prone states than any ofthe big three states. The study also showed that theSouth has the lowest percentage of black murderdefendants on death row when compared with thegeneral prison population. This is due in part to areluctance to seek the death penalty in black-on-blackmurder cases because of a “racial hierarchy”: blackdefendants who murder white victims receive thehighest rate of death sentences; whites who murderwhites receive the second highest; whites who murderblacks receive the third highest; and blacks whomurder blacks receive the lowest. This race-of-defendant effect had been undetectable in previousempirical studies.



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04. Hotel Discounting

Linda Canina and StevenA. Carvell, HotelAdministration, foundthat hotel demand in largecities responds more topersonal income than tochanges in hotel prices.After analyzing the demand

for rooms at 480 city-center hotels in 22 top U.S.metropolitan areas for the years 1989 through 2000,the researchers found that discounting hotel ratesduring recessions does not increase demand enough toincrease revenue and that raising rates during goodeconomic times does not diminish demand. This studyof the effect of consumer confidence on hotel demandprovides the first known connection between demandand consumers’ future expectations for income. Itindicates that consumer confidence, income, and pricesare factors for hotel operators to consider whenestimating expected hotel demand.



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05. Untapped Oil Resources

Lawrence M. Cathles,Earth and AtmosphericSciences, determined thatuntapped gas and oilresources amount to tensof billions of barrels hiddenbelow the Gulf of Mexico.These reserves can be

found by chemically mapping the subsurface streamsof hydrocarbons—matching hydrocarbons’s chemicalsignatures with geologic models for stratigraphic layersunder the sea floor. One of the most active areas ofhydrocarbon exploration is the northern Gulf of Mexico.Hydrocarbons are being naturally generated fromstrata deposited during the Tertiary and Jurassicperiods miles below the sea floor. Each period ofhydrocarbons has a distinctive chemistry. Using smallsubmarines, Cathles and other researchers visited andstudied sites where hydrocarbons are leaking throughnatural vents at hundreds of locations in the offshorearea of Louisiana. Employing hydrocarbon chemistry inthis new way could provide geologists with accurateinformation on the presence and size of deeperreservoirs.



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06. Humans and Chimpanzees

Andrew Clark, MolecularBiology and Genetics,and Rasmus Nielsen,Biometrics, andcolleagues at CeleraGenomics found, in themost comprehensive gene-comparison project to date,

that humans and chimpanzees, who are nearly 99percent alike in genetic makeup, may be even moresimilar if it were not for evolutionary “lifestyle”changes. Their search for evidence of acceleratedevolution and positive selection in the genetic historyof humans and chimps revealed key differences ingenes that are involved in the ability to sense andprocess information about odors; the ability to speakand understand language; digestion or food choices;long-bone growth; and hairiness. The study showed,for example, that some of the genes that enablehumans to understand speech work not only in thebrain, but are also involved in hearing. The difficultiesin training chimps to understand speech may beattributed to their inadequate hearing. The researchleads to many hypotheses that can be tested to yieldmore insight on exactly why 1 percent in DNAsequence difference makes humans and chimps sodifferent.



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07. Making a Biodegradable Plastic

Geoffrey Coates,Chemistry and ChemicalBiology, and his researchgroup discovered a highlyefficient chemical route forthe synthesis of thepolymer, poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate), PHB.

This polymer is a thermoplastic polyester commonlyfound in some bacteria, where it is formed asintracellular deposits and used as a storage form ofcarbon and energy. While it shares many of thephysical and mechanical properties of petroleum-basedpolypropylene, it is, however, biodegradable. PHB iscurrently produced through a costly, energy-intensivebiological process. Coates’s chemical route offers acompetitive strategy. A long-held scientific goal hasbeen to find a chemical route to a polymer that occursin nature and that is biodegradable. Coates’s discoveryleads to a biodegradable polymer with uses rangingfrom packaging to biomedical devices.



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08. Plant and Human Diseases Aided byBacterial Pathogen Sequencing

Alan R. Collmer, PlantPathology, Cornellcolleagues, and colleaguesat the Institute forGenomic Research (TIGR)conducted the completegenome sequencing of abacterial plant pathogen,

Pseudomonas syringae (strain DC3000). Thisbacterium, which has built resistance to some methodsof pesticides, causes serious losses to tomato crops. P.syringae causes bacterial speck on tomatoes andproduces black lesions with a discrete yellow halo onthe plant leaves, causing them to curl. Scientists canuse information from the sequencing of P. syringae tostudy how pathogens adapt to plant defenses leadingto ways to forestall agricultural loss. The P. syringaegenome will also help medical researchers studying arelated bacterium, P. aeruginosa, that causes fatallung infections in cystic fibrosis patients and acuteinfections in cancer and burn patients. Comparinggenomes helps researchers understand how thesebacteria have adapted to their hosts and could revealweak points to target with new therapies.



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09. Work Stress and Food Choices

Carol M. Devine,Nutritional Science, andcolleagues found thatworkers with long hours,inflexible schedules, andshift work have inadequatetime and energy to feedtheir families as well as

they would like. The effects of their low-status, heavywork-loaded jobs affect the health and well-being ofthe entire family and can be more threatening thanstress and financial insecurity. Workers cope withdemanding jobs by relying on take-out from fast foodrestaurants and too much junk food. They also skipmeals and eat on the run. Feelings of inadequacy andguilt may also interfere with the perceptions of howwell the workers can perform their parental andspousal roles. The study revealed that although bothmen and women are negatively affected, women withchildren feel the greatest strain of job spillover tofamily life. The researchers found that workers viewhealthful eating, sacrificed during the juggle of workdemands and family needs, as a temporary necessity.The study included low- and middle-income adults inan urban upstate New York area. The researchhighlights the need to see workers within their largesocial and family contexts, in which food choices areembedded, instead of viewing workers only at theworkplace.



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10. Creating a New Fiber

Margaret W. Frey,Textiles and Apparel,and colleagues perfectedthe technique ofelectrospinning to spinnanofibers from cellulose,an abundantbiodegradable, renewable

resource. With colleague Yong Joo, ChemicalEngineering, Fey developed new solvents for cellulose,which enabled the production of fiber using thetechnique. Electrospinning cellulose on the nanoscaleentails dissolving cellulose in a solvent, squeezing theliquid polymer solution through a tiny pinhole, andapplying a high voltage to the pinhole. Electrospinningproduces nonwoven mats of nanofibers. Producing alow-cost, high-value, high-strength fiber fromreclaimed cellulose material—for example, fiber lost toscrap whenever cotton is converted to fabric andgarments—will increase motivation to recycle thesematerials at all phases of textile production, removingthem from the waste stream. Applications for the newtechnique could include air filtration, protectiveclothing, agricultural nanotechnology, andbiodegradable nanocomposites, as well as usingbiodegradable eletrospun cellulose mats to absorbfertilizers, pesticides, and other materials for targetedapplication.



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11. From Flesh Flies to AerospaceEngineering

Cole Gilbert,Entomology, and researchteam discovered that maleflesh flies (Sarcophagidae:Neobellieria bullata),traveling over two metersper second and turningtheir heads in turret-like

motions in sexual pursuit of females, lose sight of theirfemale targets but still manage to catch them. Theresearchers studied flesh flies in aerial, sexual pursuitusing high-speed digital video at 250 frames persecond. They determined that although male flesh flieshave high-resolution areas in their compound eyes,this high-definition vision is not always needed. Thenext step is to determine how the turret-likemovement contributes to visual guidance. This oddityin vision physiology and neurological processing couldhelp military and aerospace engineers build aircraftand artillery that have improved detection of evasivetargets—applying evolutionary animal solutions toengineering problems. The research also trainsneuroscientists in understanding the neurobiologicalbasis of animal behavior.



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12. A Model for studying Parkinson’s andAlzheimer’s Diseases

Teresa M. Gunn,Biomedical Sciences,and colleague GregoryS. Barsh (StanfordUniversity) discoveredthat some mice with agenetic mutation formahogany-colored coats

also develop spongiform degeneration of brain tissue,similar to mad cow disease. Although the same kind oftissue degeneration occurs in BSE cattle with bovinespongiform encephalopathy as in mahoganoid mutantmice, the mice do not experience the same motorcoordination problems as mad cows, and the conditionis not lethal. The mice have only a slight tremor whenthey begin to move, they have a normal life span, andthey can reproduce. The researchers did not findevidence of deformed prion proteins—the cause ofspongiform encephalopathies such as mad cowdisease. Because these misshapen prions are not thecause of the mouse condition, the mice are not usefulfor studying spongiform encephalopathies. However,as an example of defective ubiquitination—a protein-related process involved in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’sdiseases—the mutant mice could become valuableanimal models for human neurodegenerative diseases.



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13. Self-Correcting for Visual Acuity

Howard C. Howland,Neurobiology andBehavior, and researchteam, along with ToshifumiMihashi (TopCon Corp.)conducted a study implyingthat internal parts of theeye can compensate for

imperfect conditions in other parts. The researchersused wavefront analysis, a recently developedtechnique for “seeing”—with computer-basedmathematical simulation—more precisely what the eyeperceives. A beam of laser light shines through theeye’s optics toward the retina. As the light rays arereflected back through the internal optics and exit theeye, the wavefront analyzer measures and computesdeviations from a perfectly formed light beam, or testpattern, a short distance in front of the eye. The studylooked for ways the eye might compensate internallyfor several kinds of optical faults, including corneaastigmatism, lateral coma, and spherical aberration.The researchers found that visual acuity is a result ofvarious component parts of the eye wanting to seebetter. Some self-correction can occur during thelifetime of one individual (developmentally), and somecan occur over many generations (genetically).



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14. Seeing the Cosmos in Infrared Spectra

James R. Houck,Astronomy, and his SIRTFteam designed the mostsensitive infraredspectrograph (IRS) ever togo into space. Its job is topenetrate the coldest anddirtiest parts of the cosmos

and uncover the composition of distant stars andinterstellar gas. It detects infrared radiation, whichcannot be observed from the ground because ofEarth’s atmosphere. The IRS is aboard NASA’s orbitinginfrared observatory, newly named Spitzer SpaceTelescope (previously called the Space InfraredTelescope Facility, or SIRTF), launched on August 25,2003. The Spitzer observatory cameras take infraredsnapshots of distant galaxies and dust clouds, andobjects too cool to emit visible light, and the IRSdetermines their precise infrared colors. Scientists readthe peaks and valleys in the spectrum, called emissionand absorption lines, to determine the chemical mix ofthe object under observation.

Among the first reportsfrom the Spitzerobservatory wasengrossing news: the IRSfound evidence of organicmolecules in one of themost luminous galaxiesever, IRAS 00183 (first

observed by infrared astronomical satellite in 1983).The galaxy is 3.25 billion light years from Earth,equaling 10 trillion times the luminosity of the sun.Houck described the event as the merger of twogalaxies, which produced a brief flash of extremelystrong star formation, or one or both of the galaxiescontained a black hole before colliding. The massiveblack holes are releasing energy by swallowing starsand gas. Houck questioned: How is there enough gasclose enough to a black hole to make all this happen?How do stars form so quickly all at the same time?

Houck’s team also released a spectrum of HH46IR, adusty, dirty cloud in our Milky Way galaxy, whichvisible light is unable to penetrate. The spectrumshowed the clouds to be a region of star formationcontaining organic materials, including methyl alcohol,

September 9, 201304:22:19 PM







carbon dioxide ice, and carbon monoxide gas and ice.

Houck heads the scientific team on the $39 million IRScontract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a divisionof the California Institute of Technology, manager ofthe mission for NASA.






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15. Continuity in Visual Perception

Scott P. Johnson,Psychology, andcolleagues revealed thatvisual completion of asimple object trajectory—for example, the rolling ballthat disappears, thenreappears for infant

amusement—is not functional at birth, but isdeveloped by the four-to six-month period of aninfant’s life. Learning about continuity across spaceand time—filling in the gaps in what we see—is a basicperceptual skill learned subconsciously. Theresearchers discovered a critical learning window whenneurons in a normally developing visual system of achild are branching, connecting, and communicatingamong themselves. The neural circuits establishedaround the fourth month enable accurate visualperception for the rest of a child’s life, and parentsneed not do anything special to make thisdevelopmental milestone happen.



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16. First Gene Therapy For Parkinson’sDisease

Michael G. Kaplitt, WeillCornell Medical College,Neurological Surgery,performed the world’s firstgene therapy forParkinson’s disease,marking the first-ever invivo gene therapy in the

brain for an adult neurological disease. The five-hourprocedure, performed with the patient awake, was partof a FDA-approved phase I clinical trial, and theculmination of 15 years of research. The goal ofKaplitt’s gene therapy approach is to reset a specificgroup of cells that have become overactive in anaffected part of the brain, causing the impairedmovements of Parkinson’s disease. Kaplitt pinpointsthe optimal location in the patient’s brain usinginformation from an advanced 3T MRI image. This ismerged with a CT scan, using the latest computerimaging technology. The final target is confirmed usingfine electrical probes that identify the signaturepattern of electrical activity of individual cells withinthe brain. The gene therapy agent (adeno-associatedvirus) is slowly delivered through a very fine catheter.After the infusion, the catheter is removed and theskin closed. This first of its kind clinical trial movestoward safe treatment of Parkinson’s disease andother brain disorders, using gene therapy.



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17. Buzzwords of History

Jon M. Kleinberg,Computer Science,developed a method for acomputer to find the topicsthat dominate a discussionat a particular time byscanning large collectionsof documents or sudden,

rapid bursts of words. Kleinberg scanned presidentialState of the Union addresses, from Washington in 1790to Bush in 2002, and created a list of words thatreflects historical trends. The list includes words suchas British, militias, Spain, slavery, emancipation,coinage, interstate, depression, atoms, communism,jobs, children, Medicare, America, and century.Kleinberg conceived the idea as he dealt with his floodof incoming email—from other computer scientists, thekeywords related to hot topics; from students, theword prelim burst shortly before each midterm exam.A search for these words provided ways to categorizemessages. When an important topic comes up fordiscussion, keywords related to the topic will show asudden increase in frequency. He devised a searchalgorithm to look for “burstiness,” measuring thenumber of times words appear and the rate of increasein those numbers over time. His technique could havemany data mining applications, including searching theWeb or studying trends in society as reflected in Webpages.



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18. Hot Cocoa, Green Tea, and Red Wine

Chang Y. Lee, CornellGeneva Campus, FoodScience and Technology,and research team found,upon comparing thechemical anticancer activityin beverages containingantioxidants, that cocoa

has twice the antioxidants of red wine and up to threetimes those in green tea. Although scientists haveknown that cocoa contains antioxidants, they did notknow how much in relation to green tea and red wine.Cocoa has a high content of compounds called phenolicphytochemicals—flavonoids—indicating the presence ofknown antioxidants that can help protect againstcancer, heart disease, and other ailments. Theresearchers discovered 611 milligrams of the phenoliccompound, gallic acid equivalents (GAE), and 564milligrams of the flavonoid epicatechin equivalents(ECE) in a single serving of cocoa. A glass of red winehad 340 milligrams of GAE and 163 milligrams of ECE.A cup of green tea had 165 milligrams of GAE and 47milligrams of ECE. A decade ago, food scientists didnot know the importance of phenolics to humanhealth.



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19. Reading Genetic Code

John T. Lis, MolecularBiology and Genetics,led research that confirmedone step in the process bywhich a cell reads thegenetic code in its DNA inorder to manufacture aprotein. Within the nucleus

of a cell, DNA is packed into folded structures—nucleosomes—that, in turn, form higher orderstructures. Using a fruit fly as a model, the researchersrevealed that a protein complex known as FACT(Facilitates Chromatin Transcription) is positioned inliving cells at sites where chromosomal DNA isunpacked so that its code can be read. Theresearchers call it “a sophisticated molecular machine”that is not completely understood. The samemachinery is used whether genes are normallyexpressed genes or genes that contribute to disease.Also, since the process of gene expression is the samethroughout the animal kingdom, the research appliesto humans as well as to fruit flies.



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20. Estrogen and Memory

Teresa Milner, WeillCornell Medical College,Neurobiology, conducteda study that demonstratedthe importance of estrogenin learning and memoryprocesses. In collaborationwith research staff Vladmir

Znamensky and colleagues at The RockefellerUniversity, Milner discovered new evidence thatestrogen regulates the ability of the brain to learn andencode memories. Milner studied animal tissue toexplore how estrogen signaling affects the condition ofa neuron. Previous research has shown that high levelsof estrogen are important for maintaining the plasticityof a neuron, which is important for learning andmemory processes. This plasticity decreases withaging. It is also directly affected in neurologicaldiseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, which is almosttwice as prevalent among women after menopause.The research suggests that some form of estrogenreplacement therapy may be advantageous for womenafter menopause.



September 9, 201304:22:27 PM








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21. Managing Earnings

Mark W. Nelson,Johnson GraduateSchool of Management,and colleagues, John Elliott(Baruch College) and RobinTapley (George WashingtonUniversity), conducted astudy in which they

contacted more than 250 experienced auditors toidentify how managers attempt to manage earnings,and when auditors are more likely to require managersto adjust such attempts before certifying the accuracyof financial statements. The study showed thatmanagers most often attempt to manage liabilityreserves and revenues, and that auditors are morelikely to require adjustment of revenues than reserves.The research sheds light on the determinants ofaggressive accounting; for example, helping to explainwhy reserve misstatements were the leading cause ofrestated financial statements in 2003.



September 9, 201304:22:29 PM








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22. Foul No More: New Paints For Ships’Hulls

Christopher K. Ober,Materials Science andEngineering, andresearch colleaguesdeveloped two types ofnontoxic paints thateffectively prevent foulingof ships’ hulls whether by

bacteria or by barnacles. Because of the turbulencecreated by the fouling of a ship’s hull, fuelconsumption can increase by 30 percent. The newpaints—one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic—minimize the adhesion of organisms to the hulls aswell as enable hulls to become self-cleaning. Tocontrol marine fouling, major users of ships, such asthe U.S. Navy, traditionally used paints that containedcopper or triorganotin, which are toxic and arebecoming increasingly prohibited. These new coatings,both the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic, can bespray-painted or applied as a film. Significantimprovements in engineering surfaces have emergedover the past decade with the knowledge thatmechanical properties, as well as surface energy andsurface chemistry, have to be controlled.



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23. Housing Students in Paris

Nasrine Seraji,Architecture, completed astudent housing project inParis, France, hailed as oneof the most importantworks in Parisian housingin the past 10 years. It iscomprised of 164 units.

The project received much acclaim, including coveragein more than a dozen publications and on radio andtelevision. Hailed as an example of innovative housingfor students, it will be shown in an exhibition onhousing in Bordeaux later in 2004. Seraji’s work wasnominated for the Equerre D’Argent, an annual prizefor exemplary collaboration between client andarchitect.



September 9, 201304:22:31 PM








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24. Music Making

Roberto Sierra, Music,premiered severalcompositions with majorU.S. orchestras. Premieresincluded Beyond theSilence of Sorrow forsoprano and orchestraperformed by Heidi Grant

Murphy and the Seattle Symphony conducted byGerard Schwartz; Concerto for Saxophones andOrchestra performed by James Carter and the DetroitSymphony Orchestra conducted by Neemi Javi; andFolias, concerto for guitar and orchestra performed byManuel Barrueco and the New World Symphonyconducted by Alasdair Neale. Trio Nr. 2, a work forpiano, violin, and cello premiered in New York City,performed by Continuum. Two works by Sierra werealso produced as a CD recording (Albany RecordsU.S.), performed by the Bronx Arts Ensemble: Bayoán,an oratorio for soprano, baritone, chorus, andorchestra; and El Éxtasis de Santa Teresa for sopranoand chamber orchestra (commissioned by the BronxArts Ensemble). Both works use texts by twoimportant literary figures in the Spanish-speakingworld: the Spaniard St. Teresa of Ávila and the PuertoRican, Eugenio María de Hostos.



September 9, 201304:22:33 PM








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25. A Microchip For Observing SingleMolecules

Watt W. Webb, Appliedand EngineeringPhysics, and researchcolleagues optically isolatedindividual biologicalmolecules in naturallyoccurring molecularconcentrations and

observed their complex behavior as they interactedwith a protein. The researchers created a microchipwith light-impeding holes with a diameter one-tenth ofthe wavelength of light. This new technique is theresult of the capability of nanofabrication. Theresearchers made the microchip from aluminum andglass in the Cornell NanoScale Science and TechnologyFacility. Before this experiment, this type of detailedobservation was not accessible. The technique couldlead to a new method of DNA sequencing by whichgenetic code can be read from a single DNA molecule.Because the technique is a very powerful way oflooking at fluctuations and variability in behavior ofindividual enzyme molecules, it could aid in futuredrug discovery.



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26. Clusters, Not Isolation

Martin Wiedmann, FoodScience, and researchcolleagues concluded thatnearly one-third of the2,500 U.S. cases oflisteriosis annually mightoccur in geographic clustersat the same time. The

researchers matched strains of the bacterium, usingDNA fingerprint methods. They showed connectionsbetween cases of listeriosis in New York State byexamining bacterial samples from victims obtainedfrom the New York State Department of Healthbetween 1996 and 2000. It was previously believedthat the majority of these cases occurred in isolation.The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is found in soiland waste and can contaminate vegetables and infectanimals. Looking for clusters of cases, Wiedmannbelieves, can stop an outbreak after a few cases areidentified and save people who otherwise might dieduring the outbreak. This food-borne bacterial diseasekills one of every five of its victims.



September 9, 201304:22:36 PM








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27. Mission: To Mars!

Steven W. Squyres,Astronomy, led thescientific team in thedevelopment of thescientific instrumentation,the Athena payload, thattraveled aboard NASA’stwin Mars exploration

rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, launched in the summerof 2003—Spirit on June 10 and Opportunity on July 7.The goal of the Athena instruments is to provide themost vivid images and to conduct the mostcomprehensive geologic examination to date of Mars’surface. In addition to panoramic cameras (Pancams)for high-resolution, 20/20 images to capture theplanet’s landscape, the Athena payload includes amicroscopic imager, three spectrometers, and a rockabrasion tool (RAT) to scrape away the outer layers ofMartian rock. The mission to Mars is to determine thehistory of the planet’s climate and to search forevidence of water and therefore evidence of life forms.

After successful landingson the planet in the winterof 2004—Spirit on January3 at Gusev Crater andOpportunity on January 25at Meridiani Planum—Squyres reported evidenceof water on Mars. Proof ofwater came fromOpportunity at a rockyoutcropping, El Capitan, inthe crater at Meridiani

Planum. Scientists found a hydrated iron sulfatemineral called jarosite, a rare mineral on Earth, whichforms in dilute sulfuric acid in ground water. Imagesfrom Mars, taken by two Cornell-developed panoramiccameras—research led by James F. Bell, Astronomy—are the most detailed pictures of another planet’ssurface ever obtained. Other Cornell members of theMars team are Harry E. Stewart, Civil andEnvironmental Engineering, and research associateRobert J. Sullivan, Jr., Radiophysics and SpaceResearch. They developed methods to study thephysical properties of Martian soil, using roverinstruments.

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The Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Instituteof Technology manages the Mars Exploration Roverproject for NASA, and Cornell manages the scienceinstruments carried by the two rovers.

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http://ecommons2.library.cornell.edu/web_archive/www.research.cornell.edu/VPR/AR/AR2003/selected_books_by_faculty/01.html[9/9/2013 4:22:39 PM]

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01. Glenn C. Altschuler, American Studies

All Shook Up:How Rock ‘n’Roll ChangedAmerica(OxfordUniversityPress, 2003).Altschuler

shows that the rise of rock ‘n’ roll—and the outragedreception to it—reveals much about the values of theUnited States in the 1950s, a decade that saw a greatstruggle for the control of popular culture. Inparticular, Altschuler illustrates how rock’s“switchblade beat” opened up wide fissures inAmerican society along the fault lines of family,sexuality, and race. He delivers an understanding ofthe 1950s as a period of anxiety and conflict, havingmore in common with the 1960s than one might think.In this study of popular culture, Altschuler includesvivid biographical sketches of the great rock ‘n’ rollers,including Elvis Presley, Fats Domino, Chuck Berry,Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Buddy Holly—plustheir white-bread doppelgangers such as Pat Boone.



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02. Glenn C. Altschuler, American Studies,Isaac Kramnick, Government, and R.Laurence Moore, History

The 100 MostNotableCornellians(CornellUniversityPress, 2003).Thiscompilation of

100 remarkable Cornellians (completed undergraduatedegrees) who have made worthy contributions to theworld in their chosen fields reflects “diversity ofdistinction.” The authors remind us that “Cornell hasplayed a distinctive role in democratizing highereducation, while helping to shape the Americanuniversity’s post-Civil War commitment to usefulservice to American society and to the world.”



September 9, 201304:22:40 PM








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03. Mary Pat Brady, English

Extinct Lands,TemporalGeographies:ChicanaLiterature andthe Urgencyof Space(Duke

University Press, 2002). Brady integrates Chicanafeminism, cultural geography, and literary theory inanalyzing an unusual mix of Chicana texts through theconcept of space. From nineteenth-century shortstories and essays to contemporary fiction, Bradyshows how Chicana literature offers a valuabletheoretics of space. The book won the ModernLanguage Association’s first annual MLA Prize in UnitedStates Latina and Latino and Chicana and ChicanoLiterary and Cultural Studies. The MLA calls the book a“lucidly written” study that is “significant in itsoriginality and vision.”



September 9, 201304:22:41 PM








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04. Ross Brann, Near Eastern Studies

Power in thePortrayal(PrincetonUniversityPress, 2002).Brann unveilsa fresh andvital

perspective on power relations in eleventh- andtwelfth-century Muslim Spain, as reflected in historicaland literary texts of the period. Looking at a range oftexts, Brann reveals the paradoxical relations betweenthe Andalusi Muslim and Jewish elites in an era whenlong periods of tolerance and respect were punctuatedby outbreaks of tension and hostility. The book is thefirst to study the construction of social meaning inAndalusi Arabic, Judeo-Arabic, and Hebrew literarytexts and historical chronicles. Brann’s novel approachilluminates nuances of respect, disinterest, contempt,and hatred reflected in the relationship betweenMuslims and Jews in medieval Spain.



September 9, 201304:22:43 PM








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05. Joan Jacobs Brumberg, HumanDevelopment/Feminist, Gender, and SexualityStudies

KansasCharley: TheStory of a19th-CenturyBoy Murderer(Viking,2003).Through the

tale of Charles Miller, a nineteenth-century adolescent,Brumberg recreates the experience of a poor,emotionally impoverished orphan from New York Citywhose life circumstances led him to commit a brutalact of murder at the age of 15. After a trial that tookless than three days, Miller was executed in Cheyenne,Wyoming, at the age of 17. Then, as now, there weresome Americans who thought executing a minor wasbarbaric while others hailed it as an act of justice.Brumberg uses boy culture and current psychologicalfindings about the teenage brain in her assessment ofCharley. In her historical analysis of why Charley wasdenied clemency, Brumberg illuminates how deathpenalty cases, even when they involve minors, usuallybecome political footballs. The book offers animportant case history for the legal community as theSupreme Court hears Simmons v. Roper.



September 9, 201304:22:44 PM








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06. Jonathan Culler, English, and PhengCheah

Grounds ofComparison:Around theWork ofBenedictAnderson(Routledge,2003).

Benedict Anderson, the Aaron Binenkorb Professor ofGovernment Emeritus at Cornell, is best known for hisbook, Imagined Communities: Reflections on theOrigin and Spread of Nationalism—one of the mostinfluential works of the last twenty years. Read byboth social scientists and humanists, Anderson hasthought anew about such questions as why peoplelove and die for nations, how religious faith became aterritorial issue, the interrelation of capitalism andprint, and how forms of nationalism have been adaptedand transformed in different situations. Culler andPheng Cheah (University of California, Berkeley)present essays on Anderson’s themes and ideas byscholars such as Ernesto Laclau, Andrew Parker, DorisSommer, and Lydia Liu. The book also includes asubstantial new essay by Benedict Anderson, writtenfor this volume.



September 9, 201304:22:46 PM








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07. Thomas Eisner, Neurobiology andBehavior

For LoveofInsects

(Harvard University Press, 2003). Eisner has pulledtogether a lifetime of research and discovery inentomology, illustrated with hundreds of colorphotographs of high scientific content and exquisitebeauty. He reveals insects to be masterful achieverswith a great and wonder-filled capacity for defendingthemselves and for reproduction. The Professional andScholarly Publishing Division of the Association ofAmerican Publishers named the book the year’s bestbook in the field of the biological sciences.



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08. Gail Fine, Philosophy

Plato on Knowledge andForms: Selected Essays(Oxford University Press,2003). In her collection ofessays on Plato’smetaphysics, epistemology,and philosophy oflanguage, Fine delivers a

synoptic view of some of Plato’s most basic andenduring ideas about knowledge and reality. Fineincludes a previously unpublished introductory essay,which pulls together connecting threads, responds tocriticisms, and revises or modifies some of her earlierviews. The essays cover a broad range of Plato’sworks, from the Meno through the Theaetetus. Finediscusses his views on the nature of knowledge; onhow knowledge differs from belief and from true belief;on the extent of knowledge; and on the correctness ofnames. Several essays consider connections betweenPlato’s metaphysics and epistemology; other essayscompare Plato’s metaphysics with Aristotle’s; and fiveare devoted to the Theaetetus.



September 9, 201304:22:48 PM








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09. Robert H. Frank, Johnson GraduateSchool of Management

What Pricethe MoralHigh Ground?: EthicalDilemmas inCompetitiveEnvironments(Princeton

University Press, 2003). Drawing on his research overthe past decade, Frank challenges the notion thatdoing well is accomplished only at the expense ofdoing good. By exploring economics, psychology, andbiology, he argues that honest individuals oftensucceed because their commitment to principle makesthem more attractive trading partners. Frank’sarguments have important implications for the conductof leaders in both private and public life. He concludesthat the better we understand personal motivation incompetitive environments, the better we can structureorganizations and public policies to promote our trueends.



September 9, 201304:22:50 PM








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10. Mar�a Antonia Garcés, Romance Studies

Cervantes inAlgiers: ACaptive’s Tale(VanderbiltUniversityPress, 2002).Returning toSpain after

fighting in the Battle of Lepanto and otherMediterranean campaigns against the Turks, thesoldier Miguel de Cervantes was captured by Barbarypirates and taken captive to Algiers, where heremained as a slave until 1580. Garcés examines thefive years he spent in the Algerian bagnios and theimpact of his imprisonment on his works. No book hasdocumented in such vivid and illuminating detail thesocio-political world of sixteenth-century Algiers,Cervantes’s life in the prison-house, his four escapeattempts, and the conditions of his final ransom.Garcés’s portrait of a sophisticated multi-ethnic culturein Algiers is likely to open new discussions about earlymodern encounters between Christians and Muslims.By bringing together evidence from many differentsources, historical and literary, Garcés reconstructs therelations between Christians, Muslims, and renegadesin Cervantes’s writings. The book received the JamesRussell Lowell Prize from the Modern LanguageAssociation.



September 9, 201304:22:51 PM








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11. Rick Geddes, Policy Analysis andManagement

Saving theMail: How toSolve theProblems ofthe U.S.Postal Service(AEI Press,2003). This is

the first intensive analysis of the U.S. Postal Servicesince the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, just as itfaces the scrutiny of a presidential commission on itslong-term viability and President Bush’s intention toprivatize 800,000 federal jobs. Geddes explores USPSstructure and performance measures, discountsstandard arguments about postal monopolies andduties, and cites both the organizational reform ofsimilar industries and the experience of othergovernments that restructured postal service. Hedetails a two-step reform process, including a publicoffering of shares featuring employee stock ownershipwith concurrent regulation reform, and then theintroduction of competition. Technologicaldevelopments in communications, Geddes contends,make postal reform inevitable. The USPS is unlikely toremain viable for long in its present form.



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12. Alan G. Giambattista, Betty M. Richardson,and Robert C. Richardson, Physics

CollegePhysics(McGraw Hill,2004). Theauthorscreated anintriguingtextbook

intended for a two-semesterquantitative introductory physics course withoutcalculus. To stimulate student interest, the text relatesphysics principles to applications in the everyday worldand in fields such as biology, medicine, archaeology,art history, and sports. The authors present physics asa powerful tool for understanding the real world. Thebook teaches transferable problem-solving skills thatstudents can use throughout their lives.



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13. Daniel Gold, Asian Studies

Aestheticsand Analysisin Writing onReligion:ModernFascinations(University ofCalifornia

Press, 2003). Gold addresses a fundamental dilemmain religious studies: the tension between humanisticand social scientific approaches to thinking and writingabout religion. He begins with the aesthetics ofacademic writing in the field and shows that successfulwriters on religion employ characteristic aestheticstrategies in communicating their visions of humantruths. Gold examines these strategies with regard toepistemology and to the study of religion as acollective endeavor.



September 9, 201304:22:56 PM








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14. Kurt Gottfried and Tung-Mow Yan,Physics

QuantumMechanics:Fundamentals(SpringerVerlag,2003). Thisclassic text isa

comprehensive exposition of the concepts andtechniques in quantum mechanics. The authors treatphenomena in a sufficiently simple manner to allowstudents to readily assess the validity of the models sothat attention is not deflected from the heart of thesubject. To this end, the authors concentrate onsystems that can either be solved exactly or handledby well-controlled, plausible approximations.



September 9, 201304:22:57 PM








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15. Joseph Y. Halpern, Computer Science

Reasoningabout

Uncertainty (MIT Press, 2003). Halpern considersformal ways of representing and reasoning aboutuncertainty. He considers topics such independence,expectation, and belief revision. While the material ismathematical, the book seriously examines theunderlying philosophical issues and the subtletiesinvolved in dealing with uncertainty.



September 9, 201304:22:59 PM








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16. Stephen F. Hamilton and Mary A.Hamilton, Human Development

The YouthDevelopmentHandbook:Coming ofAge inAmericanCommunities(Sage

Publications, 2004). The editors pull together currenttheory and research in the field of youth developmentfor youth development practitioners. Rather than a“how-to” guide, the book is a source of informationand ideas for use in planning programs, trainingpractitioners, and understanding the perspectives ofpartners in community collaborations. Original casestudies provide illustrations of good practice in workingwith youth to optimize growth and development invaried settings such as the family, school, youthorganizations, and workplaces.



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17. William J. Kennedy, ComparativeLiterature

The Site ofPetrarchism:Early ModernNationalSentiment inItaly, France,and England(Johns

Hopkins University Press, 2003). Kennedy argues thatthe Petrarchan sonnet serves as a site for earlymodern expression of national sentiment in Italy,France, England, Spain, and Germany. He uses as abasis poststructuralist theories of nationalism andnational identity developed by writers such as EtienneBalibar, Emmanuel Levinas, Julia Kristeva, AntonioNegri, and Slavoj Zizek. Kennedy treats the subject ofearly modern national expression from a broadcomparative perspective.



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18. Thomas P. Lyons, Economics

China Maritime Customs and China’sTrade Statistics, 1859-1948 (WillowCreek, 2003). Lyons traces theevolution of China’s Maritime Customsservice; explains how the servicecompiled trade statistics; and showsthe reader how to obtain, organize, andinterpret customs statistics. For almost

a century, foreigners ran China’s customs service.British and American executives built the MaritimeCustoms into China’s first modern civil service, earningthe respect and trust of successive Chinesegovernments. China Maritime Customs yielded amassive trove of statistical returns, business studies,and annual reports. These documents, published inEnglish and now available to the general public,provide a comprehensive record of China’s shippingand trade, and show the workings of China’s economyand government during the late imperial andrepublican periods.



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19. R. Laurence Moore, History

Touchdown Jesus: Mixing of Sacred andSecular in American History(Westminster John Knox Press, 2003).In Western history, efforts todifferentiate church and state havealways been approximate. Kingsmeddled in church affairs, andchurchmen filled the state

bureaucracies. Moore presents an analysis of themixing of scared and secular in American history, astory complicated by the Constitution’s famousseparation of church and state. The wish of manyAmericans to involve God in football games begins aseries of historical reflections about how Americanreligions of whatever type have tried to use faith toaccomplish public work. The controversies are endless.Still, the God of most Americans has been a God whocan be roused to social and sometimes political action.



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20. Robert Morgan, English

BraveEnemies(AlgonquinBooks, 2003).Morgan setsthis novel inthe Carolinasduring the

Revolutionary War. It is the story of Josie Summers, a16-year-old girl who fights dressed as a man at theBattle of Cowpens, near Spartanburg, SC, January 17,1781—one of the most decisive victories of the patriotsover the British, General Daniel Morgan’s victory overBanastre Tarleton. In this love story of Josie and ayoung Methodist circuit rider named John Trethman,the protagonists meet on the frontier, fall in love, andare married, just as the war is about to overtake theirregion.



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21. Victor Nee, Sociology, and Richard Alba

Remaking theAmericanMainstream:AssimilationandContemporaryImmigration(Harvard

University Press, 2003). Nee and Alba (SUNY Albany)present the first systemic look at assimilation in theU.S. since the 1960s. They show that assimilationcontinues to shape the immigrant experience, eventhough the geography of immigration has shifted fromEurope to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. They explorelanguage, socioeconomic attainment, residentialpatterns, and intermarriage, and predict that asnonwhites and Hispanics are increasingly incorporatedinto the mainstream of American society, theboundaries will blur among the major racially definedpopulations.



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22. Dennis Reynolds, Hotel Administration

On-Site

Foodservice Management (John Wiley and Sons, 2003).Reynolds addresses the tremendous expansion inhealthcare facilities, school, and other institutions, andthe subsequent increased challenges for on-sitefoodservice operations. His unique guide givesmanagers and others involved in on-site foodservicethe practical tools they need to improve operations,with coverage ranging from budgeting, inventory, andordering to production and managerial issues.



September 9, 201304:23:08 PM








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23. Jocelyn K.C. Rose, Plant Biology

The Plant CellWall(BlackwellPublishing/CRC Press,2003). In thelast fewyears,

scientists have employed new analytical toolsassociated with molecular biology, biochemistry,spectroscopy, microscopy, immunology, genomics, andproteomics to investigate plant cell-wall structure andfunction. This has provided a degree of resolution thatwas unattainable until recently. Rose has edited avolume that bridges the biochemistry-oriented cell-wallliterature and new technology-driven approaches. Heprovides an overview of the current understanding ofplant cell walls, based on the recent advances of plantmolecular biology. It incorporates the identification of arapidly growing number of genes and proteinsresponsible for plant cell-wall synthesis, restructuring,degradation, and wall-associated signal transduction.



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24. Daniel R. Schwarz, English

BroadwayBoogieWoogie:DamonRunyon andthe Making ofNew York CityCulture

(Palgrave Macmillan, 2003). To read Runyon is notonly to read New York history between the years1910-1946, but also to read American history duringthose years. Schwarz’s book speaks about Runyon’sworld during the Jazz Age, Prohibition, and theDepression. Schwarz examines every facet of Runyon’scareer, from sports writer, daily columnist, trialreporter, and Hollywood figure to the author of thewidely read short stories that were the source of theBroadway hit, Guys and Dolls. He analyzes Runyon’shigh-spirited work in terms of historical contexts,popular culture, and the changing function of themedia, and argues that Runyon was an indispensablefigure in creating the public images of New York Cityculture.



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25. Hortense J. Spillers, English

Black, White, and in Color:Essays on AmericanLiterature and Culture(University of ChicagoPress, 2003). Spillersexamines trends in thestudy of African-Americanliterature and culture over

the last 20 years. Spillers’s essays cover authors suchas Ralph Ellison, Gwendolyn Brooks, Toni Morrison,Zora Neale Hurston, and Margaret Walker. Other topicsinclude the African-American sermon, WilliamFaulkner, and the effect of migration on the blackcultural experience. The volume is hailed as“astonishingly productive of new ideas.”



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26. David C. Stapleton and Richard V.Burkhauser, Policy Analysis and Management

The Decline inEmploymentof People withDisabilities: APolicy Puzzle(W.E. UpjohnInstitute forEmployment

Research, 2003). Researchers agree that theemployment rate for working-age people withdisabilities declined during the 1990s. However, themain cause for this decline causes much debate. Theauthors provide a detailed examination of the variousexplanations for this puzzling circumstance. Theypresent the latest research in a way that is accessiblenot only to researchers, but also to policymakers,advocacy groups, and grass-roots disabilitycommunities.



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27. Steven H. Strogatz, Theoretical andApplied Mechanics

Sync: TheEmergingScience ofSpontaneousOrder(Hyperion,2003). Whatcaused

hundreds of Japanese children to fall into seizureswhile watching an episode of the cartoon show,Pokemon? Why do women roommates sometimes findthat their menstrual periods occur in sync? Thetendency to synchronize is one of the most mysteriousand pervasive drives in all of nature. In thislayperson’s handbook to a difficult new science,Strogatz describes synchrony. Every night along thetidal rivers of Malaysia, thousands of fireflies flash insilent, hypnotic unison; the moon spins in perfectresonance with its orbit around the Earth; the intensecoherence of a laser comes from trillions of atomspulsing together. On the surface, these phenomenamight seem unrelated. At a deeper level, however,they are all connected by the same mathematicaltheme: self-organization, the spontaneous emergenceof order out of chaos. Discover Magazine chose Syncas a Best Book of the Year.



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28. Richard Swedberg, Sociology

Principles ofEconomicSociology(PrincetonUniversityPress, 2003).Swedbergpresents

major concepts, ideas, and findings in the field ofeconomic sociology. He also introduces a newperspective on economic sociology by advancing theargument that not only social relations, but alsointerest, has to be taken into account when ananalysis of economic topics is made. This argument ispresented and worked through in a series of chaptersthat deal with such topics as firms and markets,politics and the economy, law and the economy, andgender and the economy.



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01. Hybrid Silica Technologies, Inc. (HST)Founded to commercialize CU DotsFluorescent Nanoparticles

Several years ago, UlrichB. Wiesner, MaterialsScience and Engineering,and Ph.D. candidateHooisweng Ow created CUDots fluorescentnanoparticles. These tinyglowing particles, which

approximate the brightness and size of quantum dotswithout the toxicity, have provided the basis for a newcompany, Hybrid Silica Technologies, Inc. (HST). Withthe help of Cornell alumnus Kenneth W. Wang,Wiesner and Ow founded HST to commercialize CUDots and other related technologies from the Wiesnerresearch group. The company will focus initially ondeveloping the commercial potential of CU Dots for usein bio-imaging and biosensing products. There areplans to explore, in collaboration with the Wiesnergroup, the many other potential applications of CUDots, such as use in displays, as drug deliveryvehicles, and as additives for plastics, inks, andpaints.



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02. License for Biomaterials Yielded $1.75Million for Cornell

Four patents for Cornellbiomaterials technologylicensed to MediVas, aprivately held company inSan Diego, California,resulted in $1.75 million inlicensing payments toCornell when MediVas sold

the exclusive worldwide license to Guidant Corporation.MediVas developed new techniques for coating stentsusing technology from the laboratory of C.C. Chu,Textiles and Apparel. Chu and his research teamdeveloped an amino acid-based, highly elasticbiomaterial that can coat stents to deliver nitric oxide(NO) derivatives to prevent the restenosis of an artery.Restenosis occurs in 30-45 percent of patients afterballoon angioplasty procedures and placement ofstents to open clogged arteries. Another class of thepatented, licensed biomaterial is biodegradablehydrogels, which can improve the delivery of bioactivecompounds in the body. They have potential forwound-care products and as substrates for tissueengineering to replace aged or diseased tissues ororgans. Because of the high water retention ability ofhydrogels, they may be useful for environment-friendlydiapers and for agricultural devices.



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03. Transferring Technology, Statistics FY 2003Invention DisclosuresDisclosures Received U.S. PatentsFirst-time Applications FiledApplications PendingPatents IssuedPatents in Force Foreign PatentsApplications FiledApplications PendingPatents IssuedPatents in Force LicensesLicenses and OptionsTotal Equity Deals with StartupsActive LicensesNumber of Companies Started License RevenueSourcesLicense FeesPatent ReimbursementsRoyalties Total License Revenue

185

6345154

584

4672617

268

4936

44710

$956,800$1,063,500$1,273,600

$3,293,900

Source: Cornell Center for Technology, Enterprise andCommercialization (CCTEC)



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01. Funding Cornell’s Research, FY 2003By Dollars Expended SourcesTotal Federal SourcesSponsoredBudgeted Total Non-Federal SourcesSponsored TotalState & Local GovernmentsCorporations & Trade AssociationsFoundationsNon-Profit OrganizationsAll Others Budgeted TotalCornellNew York State Federal AgenciesDHHS Department of Health & Human ServicesNSF National Science FoundationDOD Department of DefenseNASA * National Aeronautics Space AdministrationUSDA Department of AgricultureDOE Department of EnergyAID Agency for International DevelopmentAll Others

Dollars in Thousands

$326,371321,352

5,019

178,25282,79616,44122,59415,56623,6314,564

95,45662,59532,861

158,97894,85923,20513,38617,9575,0012,2585,709

Source: Cornell University, Office of Sponsored ProgramsDiscrepancies may occur due to rounding.* NASA includes JPL funds under subcontract.


© 2004 by the Office of the Vice Provost for Research [OVPR], Cornell University.Last Updated:

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02. Expending Research Dollars, FY 2003 Total Research Expenditures, FY 2003

Dollars in Thousands$504,622

By Cornell Divisions

By Disciplines

Source: Cornell University, Office of Sponsored ProgramsDiscrepancies may occur due to rounding.Disciplines are defined by the National Science Foundation.



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03. Ranking Cornell NationallyBy Research Expenditures, NSF FY 2002 John Hopkins University 1

University of California, Los AngelesUniversity of MichiganUniversity of Wisconsin, MadisonUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of California, San FranciscoUniversity of California, San DiegoStanford UniversityUniversity of PennsylvaniaCornell University 2


$1,140,235787,598673,724662,101627,273596,965585,008538,474522,269

496,123

Source: National Science Foundation (NSF adds estimated unrecovered indirect costs, asreported by institutions, to totals.)

1 Johns Hopkins University includes the Applied Physics Laboratory, with $560 million intotal R&D expenditures.

2 These data do not include R&D expenditures at university-associated federally fundedresearch and development centers.



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04. Ranking Cornell in New YorkBy Research Expenditures, NSF FY 2002 Cornell University 2

Columbia UniversityUniversity of Rochester 2

SUNY BuffaloNew York UniversityMount Sinai School of MedicineSUNY Stony BrookThe Rockefeller UniversityYeshiva UniversitySUNY Albany


$496,123405,403261,601239,735222,978185,335184,045166,603157,12467,493

Source: National Science Foundation (NSF adds estimated unrecovered indirect costs, asreported by institutions, to totals.)

2 These data do not include R&D expenditures at university-associated federally fundedresearch and development centers.



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01. Crossing Disciplines

Selected Research Centers at Cornell

Nanoscale Science and TechnologyAlliance for Nanomedical TechnologiesCenter for Biochemical Optoelectronic MicrosystemsCenter for Nanoscale SystemsCornell Center for Materials ResearchCornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility *Nanobiotechnology Center

Medical ResearchAnsary Center for Stem Cell TherapeuticsCenter for Aging Research and Clinical CareCenter for Complementary and Integrative MedicineCenter for the Study of Hepatitis CCenter for Vascular BiologyCornell HIV Clinical Trials UnitDyson Vision Research InstituteHamad bin Khalifa Institute of Genetic MedicineHoward Gilman Institute for Valvular Heart DiseasesInstitute for Computational BiomedicineInstitute for Reproductive MedicineSackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology

Life SciencesAgricultural Experiment Stations (Geneva; Ithaca)Baker Institute for Animal HealthCancer Protein Expression LaboratoryCenter for the EnvironmentCornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture,and DevelopmentInstitute for Genomic DiversityInstitute for Biotechnology and Life ScienceTechnologiesInstitute of Food ScienceNational Biomedical Center for Advanced ESRTechnologySprecher Institute for Comparative Cancer Research

Physical Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Applied MathematicsCenter for Radiophysics and Space ResearchCornell High Energy Synchrotron Source *Cornell Theory CenterLaboratory of Atomic and Solid State PhysicsLaboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics *Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering

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ResearchNational Astronomy and Ionosphere Center *

Social Sciences and HumanitiesAfricana Studies and Research CenterBronfenbrenner Life Course CenterCenter for Analytic EconomicsCenter for the Study of InequalityCornell Institute for Research on ChildrenCornell Institute for Social and Economic ResearchCornell Language Acquisition LabInstitute for Women and WorkMario Einaudi Center for International StudiesProgram on Ethics and Public LifeSociety for the Humanities

Business/ManagementCenter for Advanced Human Resource StudiesCenter for Hospitality ResearchCenter for Manufacturing EnterpriseParker Center for Investment ResearchSmithers Institute for Alcohol-Related WorkplaceStudies

* National Center






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02. Cornell’s Colleges and Divisions

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences †College of Architecture, Art, and PlanningCollege of Arts and SciencesCollege of EngineeringCollege of Human Ecology †College of Veterinary Medicine †Division of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of Computing and Information ScienceGraduate SchoolJohnson Graduate School of ManagementLaw SchoolSchool of Continuing Education and Summer SessionsSchool of Hotel AdministrationSchool of Industrial and Labor Relations †Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences(New York City)Weill Cornell Medical College (New York City)

† Contract College



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From the Vice Provost for Research

Documents

Transcript of From the Vice Provost for Research