From the Farm to the TableChapter 4

What affects the Price of Food?• Supply & Demand—

– When there is greater demand, the price is higher

– When there is greater supply, demand decreases, driving prices lower

– Seasonal foods are a good example• Production & Distribution Costs

– Rising fuel costs recently caused higher food prices on many items

– The producers have to pass the costs along to the consumer

How Does Food Get To Your Table?1) Production• crops are grown and livestock raised on the farm• Product developers work at food companies to

research new ideas2) Processing• Foods go from the farm to a processing plant where

they are cleaned, sorted, frozen, and/or packaged3) Distribution• Food is shipped from the plant to a distributor

where food is stored in a warehouse, then sold to retailers

How Does Food Get To Your Table?• 4) Marketing

– Advertising agencies promote foods – Retailers sell foods to consumers5) Consumers buy foods to serve and enjoy

Technology in our Food• Technological advances in production, processing,

storage and transportation have all given us more food options

• Hydroponics—growing vegetables indoors in nutrient rich solution instead of soil

• Fish farming—growing fish or shellfish in enclosed areasof water• Greater understanding of genes—How certain plants withstand weather conditions, etc.

http://www.promotega.org/ksu00003/picshydro.htm#diagram

Food Processing Today• Includes methods of preparing and handling food

for safety, nutrition, convenience and appealPreservation methods to increase shelf life include:• Freezing—slows down growth of bacteria that

cause spoilage• Canning—using high heat to destroy harmful

bacteria• Drying food—removes moisture bacteria needs to

survive• Irradiation—passing food through radiant energy,

such as an x-ray, to kill harmful bacteria• Curing—using salt, sugar, spices, and sodium

nitrate or nitrite to preserve foods like ham

When was the last time you ate….1. Modified cornstarch, disodium phosphate, xanthan

gum?2. Monoglycerides, dextrose, agar, red 40 lake3. Thiamine mononitrate, lecithin, sodium aluminum

phosphate?4. Maltodextrin, guar gum?5. Corn syrup, citric acid?6. Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Tocopherol?

Food Additives• Additives—substances added to foods during

processing to make them safer, more appealing or more nutritious. Reasons they are added include:– Preserving the shelf life—making it stay good

longer– Increasing nutritional value—

• Enrichment--putting back nutrients lost during processing

• Fortification—adding nutrients that aren’t naturally present

– Enhancing the flavor or appearance –flavorings and colorings

– Give special qualities to food—changing the texture, for instance

• Many convenience foods have been partly or fully prepared—– Anything frozen– Cake mixes– Bread, etc.

Keeping Your Food Supply Safe• The government has agencies like the Food and

Drug Administration and the US Department of Health

• The food industry provides information about food safety to consumers and gives consumer hotlines for problems and/or recalls

The World’s Food Supply• With all this food, why are people still hungry?

– Climate or geography makes it hard to grow foods in certain areas

– Lack of transportation keeps people from getting food

– Lack of fuel means you can’t cook the food you have

– Natural disasters, like floods or storms may disrupt farming and/or transportation

– Wars and political conflicts might prevent transportation of foods

Your assignment:• 1) open the file on my website named “Types of

Food Ingredients”---look under August 26 • 2) Find an ingredient on a food label that is listed in

the left column• 3) Write that word in the appropriate box on your

paper• 4) After reading the document on my website,

answer the questions about the food ingredient.• 5) Your goal is to complete this for at least ten

ingredients

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Nutrition & Wellness 1/20• 1) finish up your label assignment & turn in• 2) complete the food additive crossword using the

same table of ingredients that you used on the label assignment

• 3) test review tomorrow—plan on a test Friday over chapters 1-4