From Romulus to Romulus
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Transcript of From Romulus to Romulus
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From Romulus to Romulus
The Rise and Fall of Rome
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Romulus and Remus
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Legendary RomeAeneas and Trojan Refugees settle in ItalyRomulus founds Rome 753 BCESeven KingsTarquinius Superbus deposedRepublic founded 509 BCE
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The Pre-Roman World
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War With Carthage264-241 BCE: Rome wins control of Sicily238 BCE Rome takes advantage of revolt
in Carthage to seize Sardinia218-201 BCE: Hannibal invades Italy, but
Carthage loses Spain and N. Africa to Rome
149-146 BCE: Alarmed by Carthage’s recovery, Rome launches a final war to destroy Carthage
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Rome Expands
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Rome Expands
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Many-Front War
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Rome Expands
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The Republic CrumblesTiberius and Gaius Gracchus try but fail to
implement social reforms 130-122 BCESocial War 91–88 BCE: Rest of Italy tries
to secede from RomeCivil War 87-81 BCE, followed by purge by
Lucius SullaCatilina 63-62 BCE: Failed coupFirst Triumvirate 60-53 BCE: Caesar,
Pompey, Crassus
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Julius Caesar Born 100 BCE Consul 60 BCE First Triumvirate 60-53 BCE: Caesar, Pompey,
Crassus Conquest of Gaul 58-49 BCE Attempted invasion of Britain 55 BCE 50 BCE: Caesar-Pompey alliance breaks up 50-45 BCE: Civil War; Caesar wins 44 BCE: Assassinated
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Rome Expands
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Empire!Civil War
Antony against Brutus and CassiusAntony and Octavian against Brutus and
CassiusOctavian against Antony and Cleopatra
Octavian declared Emperor 27 BCE as Caesar Augustus
Tiberius, Nero, Caligula, Claudius68-69 CE: Year of the Four Emperors
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Rome Expands
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Rome Expands
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Rome Expands
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The Empire at its PeakFlavian Dynasty
Vespasian (69–79) Titus (79–81)Domitian (81–96)
Five Good EmperorsNerva (96-98)Trajan (98-117)Hadrian (117-138)Antoninus Pius (138-161)Marcus Aurelius (161-180)
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Near Collapse 235-284 20-25 emperors and many claimants Internal dissension weakens frontiers Dacia (modern Romania) lost Empire fractures into three parts 258-275 Economic stagnation and hyperinflation Two tough general-emperors, Claudius Gothicus
and Aurelian, stabilized Empire Diocletian (284-305) created autocracy,
reformed military, bought another two centuries for the Empire
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Final Decline Constantine the Great (306-337)
Legalized Christianity 313 Theodosius I (379-395)
The last ruler of the whole empireMade Christianity official 391Empire divided East-West 395
Eastern Invasions Romulus Augustulus deposed 476 Eastern half endures as Byzantine Empire to 1453
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Roman Empire Splits, 395 A.D.
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Fall of Rome
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Fall of Rome
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Fall of Rome
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Did Anyone Try to Stop It?Majorianus 457-461“The successor of Avitus presents the
welcome discovery of a great and heroic character, such as sometimes arise, in a degenerate age, to vindicate the honor of the human species.” (Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Ch. 36)
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Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1782
Edward Gibbon suggested four reasons for fall of Rome:
“Immoderate greatness”--growth of bureaucracy and military
Wealth and luxury Barbarian invasions (cause or symptom?) Spread of Christianity
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Two Empires Face a Fateful Choice
The U.S., Northwest Ordinance - 1787 Provided for division of new territories into
additional States Admission of new States incorporated into
Constitution Hence no distinction whatever between original
States and later States. Rome - 201 BCE
Rome acquires Spain from Carthage Rome decides to exploit the new territories as
source of tax revenue and slaves.
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Results of Rome’s Choice Non-stop guerrilla war in Spain for over 300
years Rome abandons its traditional citizen army for
a permanent standing army Conscripted soldiers frequently became
dispossessed while serving in Spain (Destroyed the middle class)
Rome's erratic but real progress toward equality reverses. Power and wealth re-concentrate in the hands of the upper class
Soldiers become dependent on generals for welfare and equipment
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A Bit of Perspective