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From Open Access to Open Science: An Overview of Current Landscape
Leslie Chan @lesliekwchanCentre for Critical Development StudiesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough
De Acceso Abierto a Ciencia Abierta: Un Panorama General
CIENCIA ABIERTA:Descubriendo herramientas colaborativas para la investigación y el desarrollo13 y 14 de Octubre de 2015Sala Magistral 2 Bloque YUniversidad Tecnológica de Pereira
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• What is Open Access and Why it matters
• Means to provide OA• Growth of OA – positives
and negatives• Why is Open Access
necessary but not sufficient for “open” science
• Enabling new forms of social publishing
• ¿Qué es el acceso abierto (AA) y por qué importa
• Los medios para proporcionar la (AA) Crecimiento de (AA) - positivos y negativos
• ¿Por qué es de acceso abierto necesaria pero no suficiente para la ciencia "abierto”
• Habilitación de nuevas formas de publicación social
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~ 20,000 peer-reviewed journals
producing
~ 2.5 million articles per year
~ 20.000 revistas
produciendo
~ 2,5 millones de artículos por año
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Functions of “Conventional” journalsFunciones de las revistas "convencionales"
• Registration• Certification• Awareness• Recognition• Archiving
registroCertificaciónconcienciaReconocimientoarchivado
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The RIN / NESTA report Open to All? Case Studies of Openness in Research (2010)http://www.rin.ac.uk/our-work/data-management-and-curation/open-science-case-studies
Only publications were make available in the traditional system
X
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“Commercial publishers now play a role in publishing over 60 percent of all peer–reviewed journals, owning 45 percent outright and publishing another 17 percent on behalf of non–profit organizations.”
Raym Crow, 2006http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1396/1314
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Fig 4. Percentage of papers published by the five major publishers, by discipline of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1973–2013.
Larivière V, Haustein S, Mongeon P (2015) The Oligopoly of Academic Publishers in the Digital Era. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0127502. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127502http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosone/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127502
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The Dysfunctional Economy of Scholarly Publishing
• Gift economy• The cost of print and
artificial scarcity• Users do not bear the
primary cost for access• Commodification of public
knowledge• Oligopoly • Reputation management
• Economía de reciprocidad
• El costo de impresión y escasez artificial
• Los usuarios no tienen el costo principal para el acceso
• La mercantilización del conocimiento público
• Oligopolio• gestión de la reputación
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Figure 1. Unequal contribution and participation in science.
Chan L, Kirsop B, Arunachalam S (2011) Towards Open and Equitable Access to Research and Knowledge for Development. PLoS Med 8(3): e1001016. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001016http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosmedicine/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001016
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What is Open Access ?
Que es el acceso abierto / libre?
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Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.
Acceso abierto (AA) es la literatura digital, en línea, de forma gratuita y libre de la mayoría de las restricciones de copyright y licencias.
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“An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good.”
"Una vieja tradición y una nueva tecnología han convergido para hacer posible un bien público sin precedentes.”
Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2002
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OA is possible because scholarly communication is a form of peer production in the gift economy.
El AA es possible porque la comunicación académica es una forma de production colaborativa, entre pares, en la economía de la reciprocidad
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OA is compatible with traditional peer review, but it also opens possibilities for other forms of quality control, evaluation, and assessment.
El AA es compatible con la tradición de la revisión por pares, pero abre también nuevas posibilidades para otras formas de control de la calidad y evaluación.
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OA expands the boundaries of research, our peer networks, and promotes closer linkage between teaching, learning, and research.
El AA expande las fronteras de la investigación, asi como nuestras redes, y promuevo lazos más cercanos entre la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la investigación
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Above all, OA provides expanded opportunities for scholarly participation that are inclusive, collaborative, and innovative. Ante todo, el AA abre oportunidades para la participación académica que es inclusiva, colaborativa e inovadora.
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Centre
ACCESO ABIERTO?
Puede el AA modificar la estructura actual de la production y diseminación científica mundial?
Periphery
Periferia
El acceso abierto crea el potencial para nuevos espacios para la collaboration y la co-creation para el conocimiento
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Beneficios para los investigadores
• Increased visibility and citation• Participation in research
(particularly from developing countries)
• Speed up knowledge discovery• Enable new modes of inquires• Increase computational potential• Blurring disciplinary boundaries• New metrics and “language” for
impact and reputation
• Aumento de la visibilidad y • Participación en la investigación (en
particular países en desarrollo)• Aumento de la velocidad de los
descubrimientos • Permitir nuevas formas de
cuestionamientos• Aumento del potencial
computencional• Atenuación de las fronteras
disciplinares• Nuevas métricas y “lenguage” para
medir el impacto y la reputation
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Beneficios para los financiadores y las instituciones• Public transparency• Improved knowledge
management• Expanded Return on
Investment (ROI)• Enhanced profile and
reputation• Public mission
• Transparencia pública • Mejora de la gestión del
conocimiento• Mejora del rendimiento
de la inversión• Mejora del perfil y de la
reputación• Mission público
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Beneficios para el público• Right to know• Right to participate in
knowledge production• Right to public
benefits
• Derecho al conocimiento
• Derecho a la participación en la production del conocimiento
• Derecho a beneficios públicos
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Growth of funders and institutional mandates
Crecimiento de financiadores y mandatos institucionales
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http://www.science.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=F6765465-1
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Liu and Li CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 109, No. 7, 10 Oct, 2015.
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Liu and Li CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 109, No. 7, 10 Oct, 2015.
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Liu and Li CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 109, No. 7, 10 Oct, 2015.
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• SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) –Brazil and other LA countries
• Redalyc (Network of Scientific Journals of Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal)
• CLASCO - El Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales
• FLACSO -Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales
Latin America is a hot bed of OA activities/ LatAm - Semillero de
Initiatives de Acceso Abierto
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OA is not cost free, and there are different mechanisms and strategies for achieving OA.
AA no es libre de costos y hay diferentes mecanismos y estrategias para lograr AA
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It is now common to speak of two forms of OA. – Green OA, or author self-archiving– Gold OA, or publishing in native OA journals
Ahora es común hablar de dos tipos de Acceso Abierto:• AA Verde - o autor auto-archivo• AA Oro - publicación en revistas AA nativas
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http://figshare.com/articles/Average_APC_price_2014/1311650
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The PeerJ Model – Pay Once, Publish For Life
Undergraduates publish for free
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http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001016
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Informalfeedback / Q&A
Evaluation /ALMs
Formal optional openpeer-review
Contributionpoints / profilepages
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The RIN / NESTA report Open to All? Case Studies of Openness in Research (2010)http://www.rin.ac.uk/our-work/data-management-and-curation/open-science-case-studies
Only publications were make available in the traditional system
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The RIN / NESTA report Open to All? Case Studies of Openness in Research (2010)http://www.rin.ac.uk/our-work/data-management-and-curation/open-science-case-studies
Collaborating writing
Citizen participation
Open hardwareAnd software
Public engagementSocial media
Open lab notebook
Open Access Open Peer Review
Participación públicaRedes Sociales
Escritura Colaborativa
Participación Ciudadana
Hardware y Software Abierto
Cuadernos Abiertos
Acceso Abierto/Revisión por Pares
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https://innoscholcomm.silk.co/ & http://bit.ly/innoscholcomm-list
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No author fee-No hay cuota de author
Muchas librerías están pagando una pequeña cantidad para funcionar
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http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/ http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/ku-in-60-seconds/
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Jeroen Bosman & Bianca KramerUtrecht University Library https://innoscholcomm.silk.co/
101 Innovations in Scholarly Communication
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Traditional workflow
https://innoscholcomm.silk.co/page/Traditional
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Open Science workflow
https://innoscholcomm.silk.co/page/Open-Science
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“what is legitimate knowledge and how to structure our institutions around questions of its generation, conservation, transmission and value-addition – including reinterpretation”
https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/globalhighered/innovative-and-engaging-communications
Gisèle Yasmeen, Innovative and Engaging Communications
“Lo que es conocimiento legitimo y como estructuramos nuestras instituciones alrededor de preguntas sobre la generación, conservación, transmisión y adición de valor -incluyendo re-interpretación”
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Thank you!
Questions?Gracias!
Preguntas?