1.From Gamma ray imaging in space to medical diagnosticsTransatlantic Science Week 2011 U. C. BerkeleyOctober 25 2011Gunnar MaehlumGamma Medica-Ideas (Norway) asGamma Medica-IdeasTransatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 1

2. Gamma ray observations in space, rays with extraterrestrial origins Makes it possible tostudy the most exoticobjects such as solarflares, supernovae, neutron stars, black holesand active galaxies. One observatory nowactive in orbit is theNASA SWIFT satellite.Gamma Medica-Ideas Transatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 2 3. Our contribution to SWIFT SWIFT detects and observesgamma ray bursts from. Themost energetic eventsobserved in the universe We were asked by NASA todesign and provide thereadout integrated circuit ofthe Burst alert Telescope onSWIFT. This circuit is a predecessorof the circuits used in ourmedical gamma cameras.Gamma Medica-Ideas Transatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 3 4. Gamma ray observations in space, rays with terrestrial origin Obsevations have shownhigh energy photonsemitted from abovethunderstorms in theearths atmosphere. This is the subject ofstudy by The AtmosphereSpace InteractionMonitor, ASIM that will beinstalled on theInternational SpaceStationGamma Medica-Ideas Transatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 4 5. Our contribution to ASIM The readout integratedcircuit of the spectroscopicgamma camera of ASIM. The University of Bergen isbuilding the electronics forthis instrument using thisIntegrated circuit These circuits have laterfound an application in ourMolecular Breast Imagingcamera, the LumaGEMGamma Medica-IdeasTransatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 5 6. Gamma rays in medicine Treatment Halting growth of cancer tissue by destroying the cancer cells. Diagnostics Used to monitor life processes by observing metabolic activity using radioactive trace elements. Tracers can be made by adding radioactivity to i.e. sugars. These are injected and will accumulate at locations of high metabolism such as the brain, heart and tumours.Gamma Medica-IdeasTransatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 6 7. Gamma versus x-rays Observe the process of lifeCT of the mummy of QueenHatseput, 1508 1458BCImage Discovery Channel/Siemens PET/CT of the brain of a living person Image: Wikipedia.orgGamma Medica-IdeasTransatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 7 8. Multi-modality imaging Weather radar image of cloud cover overlaid a static topographic map To increase the dimension we could add i.e. Barometric and temperature informationGamma Medica-IdeasTransatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 8 9. Multi-modality Imaging Positron Emission Tomograph gamma ray image fused with tomographic X-ray image X-ray image: topographic map Gamma ray image: Processes of life.Gamma Medica-Ideas Transatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 9 10. An example of a medical gamma cameraGamma Medica-Ideas Transatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 10 11. Common requirements for space andmedicine Spectroscopic detection of the gamma rays. Very high reliability stable performance over time Compact size and small mass Low power consumption. An acceptable cost. Etc.Gamma Medica-Ideas Transatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 11 12. Our product is thus A dedicated camera for Molecular Breast Imaging. By using the compact high precision detectors and integrated circuits it is possible to make a camera with superior performance in a small packageGamma Medica-IdeasTransatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 12 13. Molecular Breast Imaging Breast cancer is the second most common cancer afterskin cancer in women in the USA Estimated new cases and deaths from breast cancer inthe United States in 2011(National Cancer Institute): New cases: 230,480 (female); 2,140 (male) Deaths: 39,520 (female); 450 (male) Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) is a new technology usedfor breast imaging. MBI identifies tumors in dense breasttissue that are often not visible with X-ray based analogor digital mammography. Works by injecting gamma emitting Tc99m and imaginggamma rays from possible tumors Gamma Medica-Ideas and General Electric are nowoffering cameras to the medical commuty both based onsimilar technologies.Gamma Medica-Ideas Transatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 13 14. Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI)High resolution functional imaging of the breast20 mm cancer seen on MMG &MBIAdditional 10 mmcancer seen only on MBI Mammogram Molecular Breast ImagingGamma Medica-Ideas Images Courtesy of Dr. Michael 15OConnor. Mayo Clinic, Rochester USA 15. Astrophysics and MBI MBI uses the sametechnology that originallywas developed for gammaray observations inspace, SWIFT. The LumaGEM camerauses identical integrated We are now working on the nextcircuits as those used in generation space observatoriesthe ASIM gammawith ESA and JAXA.We expect some of thespectrometerdevelopments there also to benefirour medical products in the futureGamma Medica-Ideas Transatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 16 16. Conclusions The search for the most violent events in the universe has lead to the development of the most sensitive gamma ray detectors. Due to their superior performance they are now being introduced into medical diagnostic equipment. The intended outcome is more precise diagnoses of potentially fatal diseasesGamma Medica-IdeasTransatlantic Science Week October 2011 University of California, Berkeley 17 17. Thank YouThis composite image shows thegalaxy cluster 1E 0657-56, alsoknown as the "bullet cluster." Thiscluster was formed after the collisionof two large clusters of galaxies, themost energetic event known in theuniverse since the Big Bang.Image: NASA