From context to knowledge: consecutive mapping ontologies and contexts

From context to knowledge: consecutive mapping ontologies and contexts

Dmitry Kudryavtsev Saint-Petersburg, Russia

2006

From context to knowledge…, I-Know’06, Kudryavtsev

Outline

1. General problems of ontology-based knowledge communication2. Building requirements for effective knowledge communication3. Practical knowledge communication problem – case description4. Knowledge Navigator – Concept and Framework5. Task-oriented navigator6. Role-oriented navigator7. Conclusions and future work


General problems of ontology-based knowledge communication

1. A Content ontology user is unable to set links between his/her task, problem, situation and notions in the Content ontology because of insufficient knowledge

2. A Content ontology user is unable to match his/her personal mental model with the notions in the Content ontology because of semantic and syntactical specialties of a person and ontology-creator.

All these problems are related with context issues...


TWO CONTEXT TYPES

Type 1. Context - Model of intended application of a knowledge item

… is expressed in terms of the enterprise ontology in knowledge management or e-commerce field

This type of context will be considered in the presentation as pragmatic context

Type 2. Context - Local (not shared) model that encode a party's view of a domain

… on the other hand, Ontologies are shared models of some domain that encode a view which is common to a set of different parties.

This type of context will be considered in the paper as local context


Mapping requirements

… is a methodical basis for solving knowledge communication problems

Requirement 1:Every knowledge resource and corresponding elements of content ontology must be mapped with a pragmatic context.

And

Requirement 2: Every ontology must be either shared by all the communication participants or be mapped with corresponding local contexts of every participant (group of similar participants).

R1

R2

... guarantee effective knowledge representation


Practical knowledge communication problem – case description

Content ontology - EXAMPLE1. Ideology of Modern Organization2. Business Engineering as a Management Method

2.1. Business Engineering and Modeling2.2. Corporate Architecture as a Control Object2.3. Tools of Business Engineering

3. Strategic Management and Business Development3.1. Strategic Management Process3.2. Mission development3.3. Goal setting3.4. BSC development3.5. Strategic control

4. Operational management4.1. Creating operational model4.2. Business process modeling4.3. Business process analysis and improvement4.4. Project management

5. Supporting activities5.1. Human resource management5.2. Knowledge management

A management consulting company codified the experience of its consultants and received Formalized management methodology (“methodology” hereinafter) as a result. This methodology was further structured using content ontology which consists of topics.


Practical knowledge communication problem – case description

Problem - hard to communicate the management methodology to potential users…

P1

a. Different organizations that intend to use the methodology face different problems and tasks. Many problems and tasks of organization do not require reading and learning of every topic of methodology, BUT users are unable to do the right choice.

P2

P3

b. Target audience (potential users) for the methodology in any organization is very different and involves different people in management procedures (ranging from board of directors to linear managers). Different users categories have to read and learn only a subset of topics, BUT users are unable to do the right choice.

c. Words and phrases used in the topic headings can be misunderstood Users will be unable to set a relation between their mental models and topics of the methodology, BUT this infer low motivation and interest.


Knowledge Navigator

- end-user solution for knowledge communication problems

“External” Framework

Semantic navigator

Task-oriented navigator

Role-oriented navigator

Content ontology

Content

Formalized management methodology

It helps users to choose topics for learning with respect to Tasks and Problems of organization.

It helps users to choose topics for learning with respect to his/her Role in the organization.

it helps users to relate topics in authors’ language with their knowledge and thus refines a subset of topics to learn

P1

P2

P3


Knowledge Navigator - “Internal” Framework


Task Context ontology

Local Task&Problem Context n

Local Task&Problem Context 2


Content


R1R2

Semantic navigator


It helps users to choose topics for learning with respect to his/her Role in the organization.

it helps users to relate topics in authors’ language with their knowledge and thus refines a subset of topics to learn

P2

P3

Content ontology






Activity Context ontology

Role Context ontology




Content


R1R2

R1R1

R2

Semantic navigator

it helps users to relate topics in authors’ language with their knowledge and thus refines a subset of topics to learn P3

Content ontology



Semantic navigator



Content ontology







Local Content Context n

Local Content Context 2

Local Content Context 1

Content


R1R2

R1R1

R2

R2


Task-oriented navigator (“What for” – navigator)


Content ontology

Local Task&Problem

ContextStep 1

Step 2

Users of this navigator do two consecutive mappings, see Step 1 and Step 2


Task-oriented navigator: Step 1 Task

Context ontology

Local Task&Problem Context

Step 1

In order to help the users identify their local problems every notion in Task Context ontology is mapped with a set of descriptive local task and problem contexts of users. These local contexts are given even in user linguistics.

Task 1: To change structures and business processes.

Descriptive local task and problem contexts for Task 1

LC 1 You feel the necessity to change organizational structure because it does not correspond to the business processes and market requirements.

LC 2 You feel that your company operation is inefficient, and you always encounter the same problems, for example, in processing your clients’ orders. “We either lose clients order, or we have many claims and nobody works with them, or incur costs because we bought non-appropriate raw materials. Such raw materials were bought because we initially planned another kind of production, but such a production plan is a result of a deficient sales plan.”

Task 2: To establish order

Descriptive local task and problem contexts for Task 2

LC 3 You might have encountered situations of complete chaos resulted from disorganization in your company. These cause the same problems to reoccur.

LC 4 The strategy issues are left unheeded in your company. The main question your company managers are faced with is “how to cater to the clients’ order”

Task 3 …


Task-oriented navigator : Step 2


Content ontology

Step 2


Task-oriented navigator - Integration

If you face situation similar to LC 1 or LC 2 then you need To establish order according to Step 1. If you need To establish order then according to Step 2:• learning topic Ideology of Modern Organization is useful for you• learning topic Business Engineering and Modeling is important for you,• learning topic Corporate Architecture as a Control Object is useful for you• learning topic Tools of Business Engineering is critical for you


Content ontology

Local Task&Problem

ContextStep 1

Step 2


Role-oriented navigator (“Who” – navigator)

Users of this navigator also do two consecutive mappings


Content ontology


Step 1

Step 2


Role-oriented navigator: Step 1

• Setting corporate values and principles • Define the business concept and long-term vision • Develop business strategy • Choose and develop methods of management CEO (Chief Executive Officer)

• Perform external and internal analysis of business• Develop business strategy • Develop and set organizational goals Director of Business Development

… other activities and roles.



Step 1

Similarly to task-oriented navigator, Role Context ontology is ambiguous and polysemantic for the users, because Roles (notions of Role Context ontology) can bear different responsibilities in different organizations. Thus the Role Context ontology is mapped with the elements derived from the next Pragmatic context - Activity Context ontology. The Activity Context ontology can be considered as shared by potential users, because all the management activities presented are typical for different organizations.


Role-oriented navigator: Step 2


Content ontology

Step 2


Role-oriented navigator - Integration

If you Perform external and internal analysis of business, Develop business strategy and Develop and set organizational goals then your responsibilities correspond to the role of Director of Business Development based on the consultants’ experience (Step 1).

If you comply with this type of a role then according to Step 2:•learning topic Ideology of Modern Organization is critical for you•learning topic Business Engineering and Modeling is important for you,•learning topic Corporate Architecture as a Control Object is useful for you


Content ontology


Step 1

Step 2


Conclusions and future work

Future work:

1.Establishing and obtaining a feedback on the Knowledge Navigator from the end-users

2.Defining the learning paths (sequence of content ontology elements)

3. Transition of the methodology described above together with KN from the book form into an electronic environment.

Conclusions:Effective knowledge communication must satisfy two requirements for effective knowledge representation, which are based on mapping between ontologies and context with respect to two types of context.

Thanks.

Questions?

Dmitry Kudryavtsev [email protected]

From context to knowledge: consecutive mapping ontologies and contexts

Business

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