From Classrooms to Keyboards: Teaching Psychology in an Online University Liz Clark, PhD, Adjunct...
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Transcript of From Classrooms to Keyboards: Teaching Psychology in an Online University Liz Clark, PhD, Adjunct...
From Classrooms to Keyboards: Teaching Psychology in an Online University
Liz Clark, PhD, Adjunct Faculty, Graduate Psychology - ChairEdward Cumella, PhD, Full-Time Faculty, Graduate Psychology
Alison Humphreys, MS, Adjunct Faculty, Undergraduate PsychologyNicole Bertke, MS, Assistant Chair, Undergraduate Psychology
Presentation slides available now at:kappsych.wordpress.com
From Classrooms to KeyboardsLiz Clark, PhDKaplan University
The Big Picture
Broad Accessibility in Underserved Areas
• 20% Military
• 40% Racial/Ethnic Minorities
• High %age in Rural Areas
• Invitations For Those With Special Needs
From Classroom to KeyboardEdward Cumella, PhDKaplan University
Mentoring Students Electronically: Theses and Dissertations in an Online
Psychology Graduate Program
From Classroom to KeyboardEdward Cumella, PhDKaplan University
Mentoring Research
Mentoring research is not simply an offshoot of being a researcher. It is an
area of professional practice in itself with an evidence basis and best practices.
7 Steps
Confidence Building
Accompanying
Sowing
Catalyzing
SHOWING
HARVESTING
Professional Identity formation
Confidence BuildingAssessing student’s confidence level, building
realistic confidence
•Challenge: Newness
•Resolutions:
– Assessment: Excited, confused, overwhelmed, overconfident
– Connection
– Assurance
– Valuing
– Organization
Accompanying
Making a commitment to each other
•Challenge: Roles/Boundaries
•Resolution: Mentor controls the boundaries
Sowing
Preparing the learner before s/he is ready to change
•Challenge: No context for understanding
•Resolution: Repetition with increasing detail
Catalyzing
Change reaches critical level of pressure, learning escalates
•Challenge: Unexpected obstacles
•Solution: Outreach & problem solving
Example
• Correlation Matrix – “It’s 162 pages!”
Showing
Making understandable by visual or verbal example
•Challenge: Teaching statistics & APA tables
•Solution: Adobe Connect
Harvesting
Creating awareness of what was learned
•Challenge: Lack of context
•Resolution: Professional connections
Professional Identity Formation
Subtle transition from teacher to colleague
•Challenge: Lack of face to face contact
•Solution: Shifting language & interaction style
ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE RESEARCH MENTORING
• The world is our apple!
• Research relevant to local communities but still generalizable– Hearing the voices of people who don’t
often get to share their views– Inspirational to local groups
• Leveraging free resources and energy around the nation
THE FUTURE OF PSYCHOLOGY EDUCATION: REFLECTIONS
Broader penetration of psychology into under-represented populations
– 20% military– 40% racial/ethnic minorities– Large % live in rural areas– Many students with chronic illness and
disabilities
Resources
Abdallah, F., Hillerich, K., Romero, V., Topp, E. A., & Wnuk, K. (2010). Supervision of a master’s thesis:Analysis and guidelines. Retrieved from
https://www.lth.se/fileadmin/lth/genombrottet/konferens2010/42_Abdallah_etal.pdf
Brew, A., & Peseta, T. (2004). Changing postgraduate supervision practice. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 41, 5-22.
Murray, R. (2002). How to write a thesis. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.
Scarborough, J. L., Bernard, J. M., Morse, R. E. (2006). Boundary considerations between doctoral students and master's students. Counseling and Values, 51, 53-65.
Trafford, V. N. & Leshem, S. (2002). Starting at the end to undertake doctoral research: Predictable questions as stepping stones. Higher Education Review, 35, 31-49.
Wisker, G. (2012). The good supervisor: Supervising postgraduate and undergraduate research for doctoral theses and dissertations. New York: NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zuber-Skerritt, O. (2002). Supervising postgraduate students from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.
From Classrooms to KeyboardsAlison Humphreys, MSKaplan University
The Benefits, Challenges, and Opportunities of Teaching
Psychology Online: The Adjunct Perspective
Why the Adjunct Perspective is Important
• Almost ¾ of undergraduate courses in the United States are taught by part-time or contingent faculty (American Federation of Teachers, 2010)
• Adjunct faculty members account for almost half of all faculty (American Association of University Professors, 2014)
Benefits of Being an Online Adjunct Instructor
• Same benefits as all adjuncts:
– Avoid politics
– Different Expectations
• Additional benefits:
– Standardized classes
– Flexibility
Challenges of Being an Online Adjunct Instructor
Some challenges all adjuncts face:
– No guarantee of work– Unsteady work load– No set salary/benefits – Salary and/or course load limits– No tenure– Not always consulted
Additional Challenges
– Professional isolation - not as many opportunities for personal connections with supervisors and colleagues
– Have to be mindful that - not everyone will understand the tone of e-mails and posts in Discussion Boards… use humor carefully
– Many online adjuncts - teach at multiple schools and/or have other jobs
Professional Isolation
• Attend online faculty meetings
• Volunteer for positions and opportunities outside of the classroom
• Reach out to colleagues and supervisors
Best Practices in Online Teaching• Check e-mail often
• Load professional photo• Post permanent announcements to the
course• Post weekly announcements• Regularly (daily if possible) go into classroom• Provide asynchronous seminars• Post grades in a timely manner • Provide specific, personalized, positive, and
constructive feedback in the Gradebook
Time Management
• Organization
• Efficient use of time
• Development and execution of an effective schedule
• Planned separation of professional and personal time
Making The Online Classroom Work
Relate to students personally Similar experiences
Time Management Manage personal and professional
obligations
From Classrooms to KeyboardsLiz Clark, PhD - ChairEdward Cumella, PhDAlison Humphreys, MSNicole Bertke, MSKaplan University
The Meeting
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYu_bGbZiiQ
From Classrooms to KeyboardsNicole Bertke, MSKaplan University
What Administrators Need to Know About Managing Faculty in an On-
Line Setting
Challenges
• Nature of discipline
• University culture – mission, goals, values
• Employee selection
• Required infrastructure and resources
(Greer & Payne, 2014; Monochehri & Pinkerton, 2003)
Challenges
• Legal considerations
• Managerial control
• Mentoring
• Monitoring and performance measurement
(Greer & Payne, 2014; Kurland & Bailey, 1999; Monochehri & Pinkerton, 2003)
Challenges
Employee isolation and communication
– Concerns over fairness– Anxiety over job security– Promotion potential– Influences on job satisfaction and
turnover
(Dahlstrom, 2013; Monochehri & Pinkerton, 2003)
Challenges
Employee isolation and communication– Interdependence of teamwork
– Informal information sharing or “in-place career development” and synergy
– Missed face-to-face contact and non-verbal cues
Dahlstrom, 2013; Greer & Payne, 2014; ; Kurland & Bailey, 1999; Monochehri & Pinkerton, 2003; Young, 1991)
Overcoming the Challenges: Monitoring and Performance Measurement
• Hiring suitable employees
• Training, mentoring, and support
• Clear expectations, goals for performance, coaching & feedback
(Schraeder & Jordan, 2011; Young, 1991)
Overcoming the Challenges: Monitoring and Performance
MeasurementMonitoring
– Random classroom visits
– Classroom visits (daily, weekly, or EOT reports)
Performance appraisals
– Regular meetings
– Employee engagement/empowerment
(Schraeder & Jordan, 2011; Young, 1991)
Overcoming the Challenges: Monitoring and Performance Measurement
Relationship-oriented behaviors versus task oriented behaviors
• Support, communication, and trust
• Responsiveness, thoroughness, and communicating to maintain connectedness
(Dahlstrom, 2013; Kowalski & Swanson, 2005; Timmerman & Scott, 2006)
Overcoming the Challenges: Employee Isolation and Communication
• Use advanced technologies
– Google chat or other IM options
– Google Hangout, Skype, Adobe Connect
– Community web pages (SharePoint, Google sites, Facebook, Google Community, etc.)
• Phone calls
(Greer & Payne, 2014)
Overcoming the Challenges: Employee Isolation and Communication
• Be accessible
• Semi-structured temporal boundaries
• Encourage collaboration and information sharing
• Regular meetings and updates
(Greer & Payne, 2014)
Overcoming the Challenges: Employee Isolation and Communication
• Recognizing and sharing personal and professional accomplishments/milestones
• Promoting and sharing best practices
• Brainstorm sessions
ResourcesDahlstrom, D.R. (2013). Telecommuting and leadership style. Public Personnel Management,42, 3, 438-451.
Greer, T.W. & Payne, S.C. (2014). Overcoming telework challenges: Outcomes of successful telework strategies. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 17 (2), 87-111.
Kowalski, K., & Swanson, J. (2005). Critical success factors in developing teleworking programs. Benchmarking, 12, 236-259.
Kurkland, N. B., & Bailey, D. E. (1999). Telework: The advantages and challenges of working here, there, anywhere, and anytime. Organizational Dynamics, 28, 53– 68.
Manochehri, G., & Pinkerton, T. (2003). Managing telecommuters: Opportunities and challenges. American Business Review, 21, 9-16.
Schraeder, M. & Jordan, M. (2011). Managing performance: A practical perspective on managing employee performance. The Journal for Quality & Participation, 34 (2), 4-10.
Timmerman, E., & Scott, C. (2006). Virtually working: Communicative and structural predictors of media use and key outcomes in virtual work teams. Communication Monographs, 73, 108-136.
Young, J. (1991). The advantages of telecommuting. Management Review, 80 (7), 19-21.
Contact Information
Liz Clark, PhD [email protected]
Edward Cumella, PhD [email protected]
Alison Humphreys, MS [email protected]
Nicole Bertke, MS [email protected]
Presentation Slides Available Now At:
kappsych.wordpress.com