From bipedal Evolutionary apes to the Odyssey symbolic species · (Australopithecines)...
Transcript of From bipedal Evolutionary apes to the Odyssey symbolic species · (Australopithecines)...
The Human
Evolutionary
Odyssey
From bipedal
apes to the
symbolic
species
Professor Robert
Franciscus
Spring 2016
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H. sapiens
H. erectus
H. habilis
A. africanus
A. afarensis
A. boisei A. robustus
H. sapiens
H. erectus
H. habilis
A. africanus
A. afarensis
A. boisei A. robustus
MyrBP Typical early 1980s hominin phylogenies (low speciocity)
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H. sapiens
H. erectus
H. habilis
A. africanus
A. afarensis
A. boisei A. robustus
MyrBP Typical early 1980s hominin phylogenies (low speciocity)
(unilineal view)
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H. sapiens
H. erectus
H. habilis
A. africanus
A. afarensis
A. boisei A. robustus
MyrBP Typical early 1980s hominin phylogenies (low speciocity)
..Life is easy..
2016 American
Museum of Natural
History
http://www.amnh.org
Today the
human
family tree is
considerably
more complex
(high speciocity; a
“bushy” tree; lots of
species go extinct)
..Life’s not so easy..
Eight genera... and
twenty-three species!!
Hominoids: Apes & Humans
pongids
(Pongidae)
hominids
(Hominidae)
Pongo Pan Gorilla Homo
Traditional view of
hominoid systematics
(morphology-based)
Also, changing taxonomy at higher
levels
Molecular genetics and taxonomy
Current consensus of the phylogenetic
relationships and splitting
times within the
great ape clade
Hominoids: Apes & Humans
pongids (Pongidae) hominids (Hominidae)
Pongo Pan Gorilla Homo
The rules of cladistic systematics
therefore require that the African apes
be grouped with humans as members
of the human family: Hominidae
Superfamily Hominoids = humans and all apes
Family Hylobatids Pongids Hominids
Small-bodied Great apes: “Us” = bipedal
hominoids: gibbons orangs, gorrillas hominoids
and siamangs bonobos, chimps
Superfamily Hominoids (Homindoidea)
Family Hylobatidae Hominidae
hylobatids hominids
Subfamily Ponginae Gorillinae Homininae
pongines gorillines hominines
Tribe Panini Hominini
panins hominins
A. Traditional classification of hominoids
B. Revised classification of hominoids
Superfamily Hominoids = humans and all apes
Family Hylobatids Pongids Hominids
Small-bodied Great apes: “Us” = bipedal
hominoids: gibbons orangs, gorrillas hominoids
and siamangs bonobos, chimps
Superfamily Hominoids (Homindoidea)
Family Hylobatidae Hominidae
hylobatids hominids
Subfamily Ponginae Gorillinae Homininae
pongines gorillines hominines
Tribe Panini Hominini
panins hominins
A. Traditional classification of hominoids
B. Revised classification of hominoids
hominin... no, wait... hominid… no… hominin… argh!!!
From: Wood B &
Grabowski M (2015)
In: Macroevolution
E Serrelli &
N Gontier (Eds),
Springer Intl. Publ.
pp. 345-376.
Hominin
species
following a
“splitters”
taxonomy
(archaic Homo)
(early Homo)
(Australopithecines)
Paranthropus
From: Wood B &
Grabowski M (2015)
In: Macroevolution
E Serrelli &
N Gontier (Eds),
Springer Intl. Publ.
pp. 345-376.
Hominin
species
following a
“splitters”
taxonomy
(archaic Homo)
Homo erectus
(Australopithecines)
Paranthropus
From: Wood B &
Grabowski M (2015)
In: Macroevolution
E Serrelli &
N Gontier (Eds),
Springer Intl. Publ.
pp. 345-376.
Hominin
species
following a
“splitters”
taxonomy
(archaic Homo)
Homo erectus
(Australopithecines)
Paranthropus
TodayWeek 1, Mar. 31
Early hominins
Bipedal apes in mosaic
environments