From Appeasement to From Appeasement to WarWar

WWII Ch 14.1WWII Ch 14.1

Aggression Goes Unchecked Aggression Goes Unchecked

Japan on the move~1931-1937Japan on the move~1931-1937Japan wants an empire equal to the Japan wants an empire equal to the

western powers.western powers.1931 Japan seizes Manchuria 1931 Japan seizes Manchuria League of Nations condemns Japan’s League of Nations condemns Japan’s

aggressionaggressionJapan with draws from the League.Japan with draws from the League.

1937 Japanese armies overrun much of 1937 Japanese armies overrun much of eastern China despite protests from the eastern China despite protests from the west.west.

Aggression Goes Unchecked Aggression Goes Unchecked

Italy invades Ethiopia~1935Italy invades Ethiopia~1935 Mussolini desires to pursue his own Mussolini desires to pursue his own

imperialist ambitions.imperialist ambitions. Memories of previous defeat in Ethiopia Memories of previous defeat in Ethiopia

(1896) still linger.(1896) still linger. 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia who is no 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia who is no

match for Italy’s militarymatch for Italy’s military tanks, guns, poison gas, & planes.tanks, guns, poison gas, & planes.

Italy invades Ethiopia~1935 Italy invades Ethiopia~1935 contcont

Ethiopian King Haile Selassie appeals Ethiopian King Haile Selassie appeals to the League of Nations for help.to the League of Nations for help.

League imposes sanctions on Italy League imposes sanctions on Italy for violating international law.for violating international law.Sanctions were not enforcedSanctions were not enforced

Spanish Civil War~1936Spanish Civil War~1936

Spain moves from a monarchy to a republic.Spain moves from a monarchy to a republic. New government makes controversial New government makes controversial

changeschanges redistributing wealth & giving more rights to redistributing wealth & giving more rights to

women. women. Civil war erupts between the republic & Civil war erupts between the republic &

conservative nationalist group (Francis conservative nationalist group (Francis Franco)Franco)

Several European countries take sidesSeveral European countries take sides Hitler & Mussolini – NationalistsHitler & Mussolini – Nationalists Stalin- RepublicStalin- Republic

Spanish Civil War~1936 cont.Spanish Civil War~1936 cont.

Hitler experiments with new military Hitler experiments with new military technology technology both sides commit atrocitiesboth sides commit atrocitiesmillions of people are killedmillions of people are killed

1939 Franco is successful, Spain 1939 Franco is successful, Spain becomes a fascist dictatorship. becomes a fascist dictatorship.

Road to War Road to War

Austria is Annexed ~ March 1938Austria is Annexed ~ March 1938Hitler desires a union between Germany Hitler desires a union between Germany

& Austria (Anschluss)& Austria (Anschluss)Austrian Chancellor forced to appoint Austrian Chancellor forced to appoint

Nazis to key govt. positionsNazis to key govt. positionsGerman army is sent in to “preserve order”.German army is sent in to “preserve order”.

Opposing Austrians are silenced Opposing Austrians are silenced no opposition from western democraciesno opposition from western democracies

Road to War cont.Road to War cont.

Czechoslovakia ~ September 1938Czechoslovakia ~ September 1938Hitler insists that 3 mil. Germans in the Hitler insists that 3 mil. Germans in the

Sudetenland be given autonomySudetenland be given autonomyBritain & France unwilling to go to warBritain & France unwilling to go to war

want a peaceful solutionwant a peaceful solutionHitler increases his demands, & wants Hitler increases his demands, & wants

Sudetenland to be annexed to GermanySudetenland to be annexed to Germany

Road to War cont.Road to War cont.

Munich Conference Munich Conference Britain and France choose appeasement & Britain and France choose appeasement &

agree to Hitler’s demandsagree to Hitler’s demandsHitler Promises that he has “no future Hitler Promises that he has “no future

plans for expansion”.plans for expansion”.March 1939 Hitler invades March 1939 Hitler invades

Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia.

The Plunge Toward WarThe Plunge Toward War

Nazi-Soviet Pact ~ August 1939Nazi-Soviet Pact ~ August 1939Hitler and Stalin sign a “Non-Aggression Hitler and Stalin sign a “Non-Aggression

Pact”Pact”Both agree to not attack each other Both agree to not attack each other To divide Poland and other parts of Eastern To divide Poland and other parts of Eastern

Europe between them.Europe between them.

The Plunge Toward WarThe Plunge Toward War

Invasion of Poland ~ September Invasion of Poland ~ September 19391939Hitler uses a massive “Blitzkrieg” Hitler uses a massive “Blitzkrieg”

(lightning war to attack Poland(lightning war to attack PolandWithin two days (9/9/39), Britain & France Within two days (9/9/39), Britain & France

declare war on Germany.declare war on Germany.Poland is conquered by the end of Poland is conquered by the end of

September.September.