Freshwater Wetland

By: Lauren King and Kathryn Jones

Freshwater Wetland Definition: Freshwater wetlands are areas

filled with surface or ground water such as ponds, swamps, bogs, and marshes.

Ex. Florida Everglades

Precipitation

Temperatures

Biotic Factors Archaebacteria: Methanothermus,

Methanolinea, Methanococcus Eubacteria: escherichia coli, clostridium

tetani, bacillus pneumoniae Fungi: oomycetes, mushroom gills, stink

horns Protista: plankton, zooplankton, shrimp Animalia: alligator, bald Eagle, beaver,

Bobcat, Crayfish Plantae: lillypad, mangrove, bald cypress,

swamp blackgum

Abiotic Factors Elevation: 207-302 feet Topography: Found in valleys or other low

areas and has a high water table in early winter and spring. Wetlands can form in sinkholes or after volcanic eruptions.

Wind Speed: 7-12 mph Soil: Very moist and almost to wet to use

but provides a high plant and animal population.

Food Chain

Zooplankton

Shrimp Water Strider

Frog

Great Egret

Toad

Snapping Turtle

Snails

Trout

River Otter

Red Wolf

Raccoon

Crayfish

Alligator

Water Cycle

Water Cycle In the water cycle the water is either evaporated

from the Florida Everglades or transpired from the rushes. After it is evaporated and transpired the water changes into water vapor and turns into clouds. When the clouds are fully formed the water vapor comes down and that is called precipitation, or rain. Then the runoff comes off of the land and flows into ponds and lakes. Root uptake is when the plants take in the water from the ground through their roots. This process repeatedly takes place and the water keeps cycling through.

Carbon Cycle

Carbon Cycle In the carbon cycle, photosynthesis,

respiration, and decomposition take up and release carbon and oxygen from the swamp blackgum. Then erosion and volcanic activity release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and marshes and lakes. Next the burial and decomposition of dead matter and their conversion under pressure into coal and petroleum store carbon underground. And finally human activities release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen makes up 78% of the worlds

atmosphere. Ammonia, and nitrate ions are two substances containing nitrogen. It is also found in many dead and decaying organic matter. When nitrogen gas in converted into ammonia that is called nitrogen fixation. When nitrates are converted into nitrogen gas that process is called denitrification.

Phosphorus Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle This cycle helps from DNA and RNA.

Phosphorus is very important but not very common. Phosphorus is found in rock, soil, and ocean sediments. In the phosphorus cycle phosphorus cycles between organisms, land, and oceans.

Symbiosis Relationships Mutualism: Small fish clean the mouths of larger

fish by eating what they clean. In this situation both the small fish and large fish benefit.

Commensalism: Small fish hide behind pond weeds to protect themselves from larger fish. The small fish benefit because the weeds are protecting them but this is not harming or helping the weeds.

Parasitism: A spongillafly lays eggs on sponge, when the eggs hatch they start to feed on the sponge. The spongillafly is benefiting because they have something to lay their eggs on and something to feed on, but the sponge is being harmed since the spongillafly is eating it.

Disaster: If a freshwater wetland went through a

drought then there would be a shortage of water and there would be a very low current. Many animals and plants would start to die because they would have no water to live in and a small amount of water to drink. It would not take a very long time to recover depending on how much rain they get. But once they get enough rain then the recovery would be quick.

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<http://education.stonehill.edu/fieldguide/Field_Guide/Main/fungus.htm>.

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