Freshwater and Saltwater...
Transcript of Freshwater and Saltwater...
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Freshwater and Saltwater Aquariums
By Jenessa Gjeltema
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Choose Your Aquarium Type
Coldwater
Aggressive Community
Tropical
Freshwater
Reef Tank Fish Only
Saltwater Brackish
Aquariums
The specific aquarium setup will depend upon the requirements of the species you choose.
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Choose Your Aquarium Type
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Choose Your Aquarium Type
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Choose Your Aquarium Type
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Basic Needs
• Appropriate enclosure/housing
• Nutrition
• Hygiene
• Enrichment
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Enclosure Components
• Tank
• Stand/Canopy
• Lid/condenser
• Lights
• Temperature Control
• Environmental Enrichment
• Filtration
• Location
• Water Quality
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Enclosure Components: Tank
Consider:
Size
Shape
Materials
Convenience
Aesthetics
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Enclosure Components: Tank
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Enclosure Components: Lid/Condenser
Why?
• Keeps fish from jumping out
• Prevents evaporation
• Protects lights
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Enclosure Components: Lighting
Why?
• Plant Growth
• Coral Growth
• Visualizing the Fish
• Fish health
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Enclosure Components: Lighting
Considerations:
Fixtures
Ballast
Wavelength
Light Intensity
Reflectors
Photoperiod (12 hours)
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Enclosure Components: Temperature Regulation
How?
• Heaters
• Chillers
• Fans
• Ventilation
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Enclosure Components: Environmental Enrichment
Why?
• Evasion
• Breeding
• Quality of life
• Express Personality
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Enclosure Components: Environmental Enrichment
Types:
• Wood
• Rocks
• Substrate
• Plants
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Enclosure Components: Plants
Why?
• Oxygenation
• Waste removal
• Protection
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Filtration Systems Filtration: Mechanical Biological Chemical
Types: Wool, sponge Ceramics, sponges, rocks
(SURFACE AREA!!)
Charcoal, zeolite
Purpose: Remove large particulate waste
Removes fish waste products
Removes odors, discoloration, toxins, and some waste products
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Filtration Systems
Considerations
• Tank size
• Stocking capacity
• Water flow
• Breeding
• Aeration
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Filtration Systems
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Filtration Systems
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Filtration Systems
Protein Skimmer: Removes organic material from marine systems
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Filtration Systems
Underground filter: biological and mechanical
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Enclosure Components: Location
Avoid:
• windows/direct sunlight
• drafty doors or fireplaces
• vibrations/sharp noises
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Water Composition: Water Testing
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Water Composition: Stock Water
• Know what is in your stock water
• Test periodically
• Alternatives available
Test for:
• Chlorines
• Copper
• pH
• Hardness
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Water Composition: Testing
Fresh Water:
• pH
• Ammonia
• Nitrite
• Nitrate
Salt Water:
• Salinity
Other:
• Phosphate
• Calcium
• Strontium
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Water Quality: Nitrogen Cycle
badmanstropicalfish.com (originally from www.hagen.com)
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Water Quality: Nitrogen Cycle
www.cichlid-forum.com
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Water Quality: Cycling A New Tank
Purpose: grow bacteria for nitrogen cycle
• Takes 4-6 weeks
Tips:
• “Seed” the tank
• Monitor values closely
• Avoid water changes
• Can achieve without fish
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Water Changes
Why?
• Dilutes waste products
• Corrects pH imbalances
• Can reduce algae growth
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Performing Water Changes
• Regular water changes
• 2% every 2 days
• 4% every week
• 20% a month
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Adding Fish: Acclimation
• Temperature
• Water composition
• Environmental factors
How:
• 15-30 min. for temperature
• 15 minutes for water composition
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Nutrition Dry:
Flakes
Pellets
Sticks
Floating
Sinking
Wafers
Seaweed
Live/Frozen:
Blood Worms
Daphnia
Brine Shrimp
Feeder fish
Plants
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Nutrition
• Know your fish
• Observe mouth
• Use dry food as staple
• Supplement with fresh/frozen foods
• Do not overfeed Picture from Jeremy Gay’s The
Perfect Aquarium
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Maintenance
Daily:
Feed
Monitor
Lighting
Weekly:
Replace evaporation
Water testing
Clean algae
Empty protein skimmer
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Maintenance
Monthly:
Charcoal replacement
Plant maintenance
Electrical Inspection
6 mos. To Yearly:
Change light bulbs
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Additional Considerations
Personal Safety
Euthanasia
Environmental Impact
Veterinary Care
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References
Axelrod, Herbert. Handbook of Tropical Aquarium Fishes. Neptune City: TFH Publications. 1983.
Borneman, Eric. Aquarium Corals: Selection, Husbandry, and Natural History. Neptune City: T.H.F. Publications. 2001.
Fenner, Robert M. The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune city: T.F.H Publications. 2001.
Gay, Jeremy. The Perfect Aquarium: The Complete Guide to Setting Up and Maintaining an Aquarium. New York: Reader’s Digest. 2005.
Hawkins, A.D. Aquarium Systems. London: Academic Press. 1981
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References
Hemdal, Jay F. Aquarium Fish Breeding. New York: Barron’s. 2003.
Hiscock, Peter. Encyclopedia of Aquarium Plants. New York: Barron’s.
2003
Sandford, Gina. The Tropical Aquarium. New York: Barron’s. 2004.
Stoskopf, Michael. Fish Medicine. Philadelphia: W.B. Sauders Co. 1993.
Tullock, John. Water Chemistry for the Marine Aquarium. New York: Barron’s. 2002.
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Special Thank You to:
Fish World and
Aqua Pros
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Thank You! Questions?
If you would like to learn more about fish (as well as coral and amphibian)
husbandry, please contact me at [email protected].
I can help you get some hands-on
experience!