Frequently Asked Questions About Caffeine

8/14/2019 Frequently Asked Questions About Caffeine

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Frequently Asked Questions aboutCaffeine

This FAQ is dedicated to all beverages and products that contain caffeine; including tea, coffee,chocolate, mate, caffeinated soft drinks, caffeinated pills, coffee beans, etc.

There are several newsgroups in which these topics may be of relevance, including alt.drugs.caffeine,rec.food.drink.coffee, rec.food.drink.tea, and alt.food.chocolate.

Rec.food.drink.coffee is preferred over alt.coffee and alt.food.coffee.

I welcome any and all contributions to this FAQ. If you do not agree with the info in here please let meknow or write an article for the FAQ. If you feel you can explain something better than I have by allmeans rewrite the article and send it in.


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1. The Chemistry of Caffeine and related products1. How much caffeine is there in [drink/food/pill]?

According to the National Soft Drink Association, the following is the caffeine content in mgs per 12 ozcan of soda:

Afri-Cola 100.0 (?)

Jolt 71.2Sugar-Free Mr. Pibb 58.8Mountain Dew 55.0 (no caffeine in Canada)Diet Mountain Dew 55.0Kick citrus 54 (36mg per 8oz can, caffeine from guarana)Mello Yellow 52.8Surge 51.0Tab 46.8Battery energy drink -- 140mg/l = 46.7mg/canCoca-Cola 45.6Diet Cola 45.6Shasta Cola 44.4Shasta Cherry Cola 44.4

Shasta Diet Cola 44.4Mr. Pibb 40.8OK Soda 40.5Dr. Pepper 39.6Pepsi Cola 37.2Aspen 36.0Diet Pepsi 35.4RC Cola 36.0Diet RC 36.0Diet Rite 36.0Canada Dry Cola 30.0Canada Dry Diet Cola 1.27 Up 0

Krank2o sample 1 97.7mg/500ml sample 2 101.6mg/500mlLab: Ameritech Labs, College Pt, NY; tested Sep 03, 96

Krank2o middle 96.4mg/500mlLab: Ameritech Labs, tested Aug 29, 96By means of comparison, a 7 oz cup of coffee has the following caffeine (mg) amounts, according toBunker and McWilliams in J. Am. Diet. 74:28-32, 1979:

Drip 115-175Espresso 100mg of caffeine1 serving (1.5-2oz)

Brewed 80-135Instant 65-100Decaf, brewed 3-4Decaf, instant 2-3Tea, iced (12 ozs.) 70Tea, brewed, imported 60Tea, brewed, U.S. 40Tea, instant 30Mate 25-150mg


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The variability in the amount of caffeine in a cup of coffee or tea is relatively large even if prepared bythe same person using the same equipment and ingredients day after day.

Reference Variability in caffeine consumption from coffee and tea: Possible significance forepidemiological studies by B. Stavric, R. Klassen, B. Watkinson, K. Karpinski, R. Stapley, and P. Fried in"Foundations of Chemical Toxicology", Volume 26, number 2, pp. 111-118, 1988 and an easy to readoverview, Looking for the Perfect Brew by S. Eisenberg, "Science News", Volume 133, April 16, 1988, pp252-253.

Quote from the lab manual:

Caffeine is present in tea leaves and in coffee to the extent of about 4%. Tea also contains two otheralkaloids, theobromine and theophylline. These last two relax the smooth muscles where caffeinestimulates the heart and respiratory systems.

The effects of theobromine are, compared to caffeine and theophylline, relatively moderate. However,cocoa contains eight times more theophylline than caffeine. As well, caffeine has been shown to combiwith other substances for added potency. Thus the effects of theobromine might be enhanced by thecaffeine in chocolate.

Theobromine is highly toxic to dogs and kills many canids/year via chocolate poisoning. It takes quite adose to reach fatal levels (more than 200 mg/kg bodyweight) but some dogs have a bad habit of eatingout of garbage cans and some owners have a bad habit of feeding dogs candy. A few oreos won't hurt adog, but a pound of chocolate can do considerable damage.

Clinical signs of theobromine toxicity in canids usually manifest 8 hours after ingestion and can include:thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, urinary incontinence, nervousness, clonic muscle spasms, seizures and comaAny dog thought to have ingested a large quantity of chocolate should be brought to an emergency cliniasap, where treatment usually includes the use of emetics and activated charcoal. The dog will thusneed to be monitored to maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance.

Pathogenesis of theobromine toxicity: evidently large quantities of theobromine have a diuretic effect,relax smooth muscles, and stimulate the heart and cns.

Reference:

Fraser, Clarence M., et al, eds. The Merck Veterinary Manual, 7th ed. Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co., Inc.1991. pp. 1643-44.

On humans caffeine acts particularly on the brain and skeletal muscles while theophylline targets heartbronchia, and kidneys.

Other data on caffeine:

Cup of coffee 90-150mg

Instant coffee 60-80mgTea 30-70mgMate 25-150mgCola 30-45mg

Chocolate bar 30mg

Stay-awake pill 100mgVivarin 200mgCold relief tablet 30mg

The following information is from Bowes and Church's Food values of portions commonly used, byAnna De Planter Bowes. Lippincott, Phila. 1989. Pages 261-2: Caffeine.

Candy:

Chocolate mg caffeine baking choc, unsweetened, Bakers--1 oz(28 g) 25


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german sweet, Bakers -- 1 oz (28 g) 8semi-sweet, Bakers -- 1 oz (28 g) 13

Choc chipsBakers -- 1/4 cup (43 g) 13german sweet, Bakers -- 1/4 cup (43 g) 15

Chocolate bar, Cadbury -- 1 oz (28 g) 15

Chocolate milk 8oz 8

Desserts:Jello Pudding Pops, Choc (47 g) 2Choc mousse from Jell-O mix (95 g) 6Jello choc fudge mousse (86 g) 12

Beverages3 heaping teaspoons of choc powder mix 8

2 tablespoons choc syrup 51 envelope hot cocoa mix 5

Dietary formulasensure, plus, choc, Ross Labs -- 8 oz (259 g) 10Cadbury Milk Chocolate Bar

More stuff:

Guarana "Magic Power" (quite common in Germany)15 ml alcohol with5g Guarana Seeds 250.0 mgGuarana capsules with500 mg G. seeds 25.0 mg / capsule

(assuming 5% caffeine in seeds as stated in literatur

Guarana soda pop is ubiquitous in Brazil and often available at tropical groceries here. It's really tastyand packs a wallop. Guarana wakes you up like crazy, but it doesn't cause coffee jitters.

It is possible that in addition to caffeine, there is some other substance in guarana that also produces aeffect, since it 'feels' different than coffee. Same goes for mate.

2. How much caffeine there is in blend X?

Caffeine Content in beans and blends

(Source: Newsletter--Mountanos Bros. Coffee Co., San Francisco)

VARIETALS/STRAIGHTSBrazil Bourbons 1.20%Celebes Kalossi 1.22

Colombia Excelso 1.37Colombia Supremo 1.37Costa Rica Tarrazu 1.35Ethiopian Harrar-Moka 1.13Guatemala Antigua 1.32Indian Mysore 1.37Jamaican Blue Mtn/Wallensford Estate 1.24

Java Estate Kuyumas 1.20Kenya AA 1.36Kona Extra Prime 1.32

Mexico Pluma Altura 1.17Mocha Mattari (Yemen) 1.01New Guinea 1.30Panama Organic 1.34Sumatra Mandheling-Lintong 1.30Tanzania Peaberry 1.42Zimbabwe 1.10

BLENDS & DARK ROASTSColombia Supremo Dark 1.37%Espresso Roast 1.32French Roast 1.22

Vienna Roast 1.27Mocha-Java 1.17

DECAFS--all @ .02% with Swiss Water Process

3. Chemically speaking, what is caffeine?

Caffeine is an alkaloid. There are numerous compounds called alkaloids, among them we have themethylxanthines, with three distinguished compounds: caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, found cola nuts, coffee, tea, cacao beans, mate and other plants. These compounds have different biochemiceffects, and are present in different ratios in the different plant sources. These compounds are very


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similar and differ only by the presence of methyl groups in two positions of the chemical structure. Theare easily oxidized to uric acid and other methyluric acids which are also similar in chemical structure.

Caffeine:Sources: Coffee, tea, cola nuts, mate, guarana.Effects: Stimulant of central nervous system, cardiac muscle, andrespiratory system, diuretic Delays fatigue.

Theophylline:Sources: TeaEffects: Cariac stimulant, smooth muscle relaxant, diuretic, vasodilator

Theobromine:Sources: Principle alkaloid of the cocoa bean (1.5-3%) Cola nuts and teaEffects: Diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, cardiac stimulant, vasodilator.

(Info from Merck Index)

The presence of the other alkaloids in colas and tea may explain why these sometimes have a strongerkick than coffee. Colas, which have lower caffeine contents than coffee are, reportedly, sometimes moactive. Tea seems the strongest for some. Coffee seems more lasting for mental alertness and offersfewer jitters than the others.

A search in CAS and produced these names and synonyms:

RN 58-08-2 REGISTRYCN 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl- (9CI) (CA INDEX NAME)OTHER CA INDEX NAMES:CN Caffeine (8CI)OTHER NAMES:CN 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurineCN 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine

CN 7-MethyltheophyllineCN Alert-PepCN CafeinaCN CaffeinCN Cafipel

CN GuaranineCN KoffeinCN MateinaCN MethyltheobromineCN No-DozCN Refresh'nCN StimCN Thein

CN TheineCN Tri-Aqua

MF C8 H10 N4 O2

The correct name is the first one, 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl- (This is the"inverted name") The "uninverted name" is 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione

Merck Index excerpt...

Caffeine: 3,7-dihydro- 1,3,7-trimethyl- 1H-purine- 2,6-dione; 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine; 1,3,7-trimethyl2,6-dioxopurine; coffeine; thein; guaranine; methyltheobromine; No-Doz.

C8H10N4O2; mol wt 194.19. C 49.48%, H 5.19%, N 28.85%, O 16.48%.

Occurs in tea, coffee, mate leaves; also in guarana paste and cola nuts: Shuman, U.S. pat. 2,508,545(1950 to General Foods). Obtained as a by-product from the manuf of caffeine-free coffee: Barch, U.S.pat. 2,817,588 (1957 to Standard Brands); Nutting, U.S. pat. 2,802,739 (1957 to Hill Bros. Coffee); AdleEarle, U.S. pat. 2,933,395 (1960 to General Foods).


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Crystal structure: Sutor, Acta Cryst. 11, 453, (1958). Synthesis: Fischer, Ach, Ber. 28, 2473, 3135 (1895)Gepner, Kreps, J. Gen. Chem. USSR 16, 179 (1946); Bredereck et al., Ber. 83, 201 (1950); Crippa, CrippFarmaco Ed. Sci. 10, 616 (1955); Swidinsky, Baizer, U.S. pats. 2,785,162 and 2,785,163 (1957 to QuinineChem. Works); Bredereck, Gotsmann, Ber. 95, 1902 (1962).

Hexagonal prisms by sublimation, mp 238 C. Sublimes 178 C. Fast sublimation is obtained at 160-165 Cunder 1mm press. at 5 mm distance. d 1.23. Kb at 19 C: 0.7 x 10^(-14). Ka at 25 C:


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Theophylline is found in very small amounts in tea, but has a stronger effect on the heart and breathingthan caffeine. For this reason it is often the drug of choice in home remedies for treating asthmabronchitis and emphysema. The theophylline found in medicine is made from extracts from coffee or te

5. Where can I find a gif of the caffeine molecule?

Caffeine = 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine

A different view of the caffeine molecule.

The Department of Chemistry at Jamaica of the University of Western Indies has made available an aviand an mpeg of a rotation of the caffeine molecule, among other molecules and chemical processes. Thindex page contains more information and the links to the clips.

CH3

|N/ \

N----C C==O|| || ||| || |

CH C N--CH3\ / \ /N C| ||

CH3 O

There is a gif picture at the wuarchive.wustl.edu ftp site or any of its mirror sites under

multimedia/images/gif/c

caffeine

Theobromine is also a common component of coffee, tea, chocolate, and mate (particularly in these latwo).

Theobromine

CH3|N/ \

N----C C==O|| || ||| || |

CH C N--H\ / \ /N C| ||

CH3 O
http://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~alopez-o/Coffee/caffeine.gifhttp://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm:1104/avi_index.htmlhttp://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~alopez-o/Coffee/caffeine.gifhttp://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm:1104/avi_index.html


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Theophylline was once thought to be a major component of tea. This is not correct. Tea containssignificantly more amounts of caffeine than of theophylline.

Theophylline

CH3|

N/ \

N----C C==O|| || ||| || |

CH C N--CH3\ / \ /N C| ||H O

6. Is it true that espresso has less caffeine than regular coffee?

Yes and no. An espresso cup has about as much caffeine as a cup of dark brew. But servings for espressoare much smaller. Which means that the content of caffeineper millilitre are much higher than with aregular brew. Moreover, caffeine is more quickly assimilated when taken in concentrated dosages, such an espresso cup.

The myth of lower caffeine espresso comes comes from the fact that the darker roast beans used forespresso do have less caffeine than regularly roasted beans as roasting is supposed to break up orsublimate the caffeine in the beans (I have read this quote on research articles, but found no scientificstudies supporting it. Anybody out there?). But espresso is prepared using pressurized water throughsignificantly more ground (twice as much?) than regular drip coffee, resulting in a higher percentage ofcaffeine per millilitre.

Here's the caffeine content of Drip/Espresso/Brewed Coffee:

Drip 115-175Espresso 100 1 serving (1.5-2oz)Brewed 80-135

7. How does caffeine taste?

Caffeine is very bitter. Barq's Root Beer contains caffeine and the company says that it has "12.78mg pe6oz" and that they "add it as a flavouring agent for the sharp bitterness"

8. How much theobromine/theophylline there is in ...?

Sources: Physicians Desk Reference and Institute of Food Technologies from Pafai and Jankiewicz (1991)DRUGS AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

cocoa 250mg theobrominebittersweet choc. bar 130mg theobromine5 oz cup brewed coffee no theobrominetea 5oz cup brewed 3minwith teabag 3-4 mg theophyllineDiet Coke no theobromine or theophylline


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2. Caffeine and your Health

Important: This information was excerpted from several sources, no claims are made to its accurac

The FAQ mantainer is not a medical doctorand cannot vouch for the accuracy of this information.

1. Caffeine Withdrawal: Procedures and Symptoms.

How to cut caffeine intake?

Most people report a very good success ratio by cutting down caffeine intake at the rate of 1/2 cup ofcoffee a day. This is known as Caffeine Fading. Alternatively you might try reducing coffee intake indiscrete steps of two-five cups of coffee less per week (depending on how high is your initial intake). Ifyou are drinking more than 10 cups of coffee a day, you should seriously consider cutting down.

The best way to proceed is to consume caffeine regularly for a week, while keeping a precise log of thetimes and amounts of caffeine intake (remember that chocolate, tea, soda beverages and many

headache pills contain caffeine as well as coffee). At the end of the week proceed to reduce your coffeintake at the rate recommended above. Remember to have substitutes available for drinking: if you arenot going to have a hot cup of coffee at your 10 minute break, you might consider having hot chocolateor herbal tea, but NOT decaff, since decaff has also been shown to be addictive. This should take youthrough the works without much problem.

Some other people quit cold turkey. Withdrawal symptoms are quite nasty this way (see section below)but they can usually be countered with lots of sleep and exercise. Many people report being able to stodrinking caffeine almost cold-turkey while on holidays on the beach. If quitting cold turkey is proving tohard even in the beach, drinking a coke might help.

What are the symptoms of caffeine withdrawal?

Regular caffeine consumption reduces sensitivity to caffeine. When caffeine intake is reduced, the bodybecomes oversensitive to adenosine. In response to this oversensitiveness, blood pressure dropsdramatically, causing an excess of blood in the head (though not necessarily on the brain), leading to aheadache.

This headache, well known among coffee drinkers, usually lasts from one to five days, and can bealleviated with analgesics such as aspirin. It is also alleviated with caffeine intake (in fact severalanalgesics contain caffeine dosages).

Often, people who are reducing caffeine intake report being irritable, unable to work, nervous, restlessand feeling sleepy, as well as having a headache. In extreme cases, nausea and vomiting has also beenreported.

References.

Caffeine and Health. J. E. James, Academic Press, 1991. Progress in Clinical and Biological ResearchVolume 158. G. A. Spiller, Ed. Alan R. Liss Inc, 1984.

2. What happens when you overdose?

From Desk Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-3-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987):


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Specific drugs & antidotes. Beta blockers effectively reverse cardiotoxic effects mediated byexcessive beta-adrenergic stimulation. Treat hypotension or tachyarrhythmias with intravenouspropanolol, .01 - .02 mg/kg. , or esmolol, .05 mg/kg , carefully titrated with low doses. Esmolol ispreferred because of its short half life and low cardioselectivity.

DecontaminationInduce vomiting or perform gastric lavage.Administer activated charcoal and cathartic.Gut emptying is probably not needed if 1 2 are performed promptly.

Appendix APerforming airway assistance.

1. If no neck injury is suspected, place in the "Sniffing" position by tilting the head back and extendingthe front of the neck.

2. Apply the "Jaw Thrust" to move the tongue out of the way without flexing the neck: Place thumbfingers from both hands under the back of the jaw and thrust the jaw forward so that the chin stickout. This should also hurt the patient, allowing you to judge depth of coma. :)

3. Tilt the head to the side to allow vomit and snot to drain out.

From conversations on alt.drugs.caffeine:

The toxic dose is going to vary from person to person, depending primarily on built-up tolerance. Acouple people report swallowing 10 to 13 vivarin and ending up in the hospital with their stomachespumped, while a few say they've taken that many and barely stayed awake.

A symptom lacking in the clinical manual but reported by at least two people on the net is a loss of motability: inability to move, speak, or even blink. The experience is consistently described as veryunpleasant and not fun at all, even by those very familiar with caffeine nausea and headaches.

Effects of caffeine on pregnant women.

Caffeine has long been suspect of causing mal-formations in fetus, and that it may reduce fertility rates

These reports have proved controversial. What is known is that caffeine does causes malformations inrats, when ingested at rates comparable to 70 cups a day for humans. Many other species respond equato such large amounts of caffeine.

Data is scant, as experimentation on humans is not feasible. In any case moderation in caffeine ingestioseems to be a prudent course for pregnant women. Recent references are Pastore and Savitz, Case-control study of caffeinated beverages and preterm delivery. American Journal of Epidemiology, Jan1995.

A recent study found a weak link between Sudden-Infant-Death-Syndrome (SIDS) and caffeine

consumption by the mother, which reinforces the recommendation for moderation -possibly evenabstinence- above.

On men, it has been shown that caffeine reduces rates of sperm motility which may account for somefindings of reduced fertility.


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Caffeine and Osteoporosis (Calcium loss)

From the Journal of AMA: (JAMA, 26 Jan. 1994, p. 280-3.)

"There was a significant association between (drinking more) caffeinated coffee and decreasing bonemineral density at both the hip and the spine, independent of age, obesity, years since menopause, andthe use of tobacco, estrogen, alcohol, thiazides, and calcium supplements [in women]."

Except when:

"Bone density did not vary [...] in women who reported drinking at least one glass of milk per day durinmost of their adult lives."

That is, if you drink a glass of milk a day, there is no need to worry about the caffeine related loss ofcalcium.

Studies on the side-effects of caffeine.

OAKLAND, California (UPI) -- Coffee may be good for life. A major study has found fewer suicides amongcoffee drinkers than those who abstained from the hot black brew.

The study of nearly 130,000 Northern California residents and the records of 4,500 who have died lookeat the effects of coffee and tea on mortality.

Cardiologist Arthur Klatsky said of the surprising results, ``This is not a fluke finding because our studywas very large, involved a multiracial population, men, women, and examined closely numerous factorsrelated to mortality such as alcohol consumption and smoking.''

The unique survey also found no link between coffee consumption and death risk. And it confirmed a``weak'' connection of coffee or tea to heart attack risk -- but not to other cardiovascular conditionssuch as stroke.

The study was conducted by the health maintenance organization Kaiser Permanente and was reportedWednesday in the Annals of Epidemiology.

Caffeine and your metabolism.

Caffeine increases the level of circulating fatty acids. This has been shown to increase the oxidation ofthese fuels, hence enhancing fat oxidation. Caffeine has been used for years by runners and endurancepeople to enhance fatty acid metabolism. It's particularly effective in those who are not habitual users.

Caffeine is not an appetite suppressant. It does affect metabolism, though it is a good question whetheits use truly makes any difference during a diet. The questionable rationale for its original inclusion indiet pills was to make a poor man's amphetamine-like preparation from the non-stimulant

sympathomimetic phenylpropanolamine and the stimulant caffeine. (That you end up with somethingvery non-amphetamine like is neither here nor there.) The combination drugs were called "Dexatrim" orDexa-whosis (as in Dexedrine) for a reason, namely, to assert its similarity in the minds of prospectivebuyers. However, caffeine has not been in OTC diet pills for many years per order of the FDA, whichstated that there was no evidence of efficacy for such a combination.

From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics:

Caffeine in combination with an analgesic, such as aspirin, is widely used in the treatment of ordinarytypes of headache. There are few data to substantiate its efficacy for this purpose. Caffeine is alsoused in combination with an ergot alkaloid in the treatment of migrane (Chapter 39).


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Ergotamine is usually administered orally (in combination with caffeine) or sublingually [...] If a patiecannot tolerate ergotamine orally, rectal administration of a mixture of caffeine and ergotaminetartarate may be attempted.

The bioavailability [of ergotamine] after sublingual administration is also poor and is often inadequatefor therapeutic purposes [...] the concurrent administration of caffeine (50-100 mg per mg ofergotamine) improves both the rate and extent of absorption [...] However, there is littlecorrespondence between the concentration of ergotamine in plasma and the intensity or duration of

therapeutic or toxic effects.

Caffeine enhances the action of the ergot alkaloids in the treatment of migrane, a discovery that mustbe credited to the sufferers from the disease who observed that strong coffee gave symptomatic reliefespecially when combined with the ergot alkaloids. As mentioned, caffeine increases the oral and rectabsorption of ergotamine, and it is widely believed that this accounts for its enhancement oftherapeutic effects.

Nowadays most of researchers believe that the stimulatory actions are attributable to the antagonism othe adenosine. Agonists at the adenosine receptors produce sedation while antagonists at these sites, licaffeine and theophylline induce stimulation, and what is even more important, the latter substance alreverse agonists-induced symptoms of sedation, thus indicating that this effects go through thesereceptors.

Another possibility, however, is that methylxanthines enhance release of excitatory aminoacids, likeglutamate and aspartate, which are the main stimulatory neurotransmitters in the brain.

As to the side effects: methylxanthines inhibit protective activity of common antiepileptic drugs in exptanimals in doses comparable to those used in humans when correction to the surface area is made. Itshould be underlined, that although tolerance develop to the stimulatory effects of theo or caffeinewhen administered on a chronic base, we found no tolerance to the above effects . This hazardousinfluence was even enhanced over time. Therefore, it should be emphasized that individuals sufferingfrom epilepsy should avoid, or at least reduce consumption of coffee and other caffeine-containingbeverages.

2. MiscellaneousHow do you pronounce mate?

MAH-teh. MAH like in malt, and -teh like in Gral. Patten.

3. Recipes.Chocolate covered espresso beans

You won't get single, glossy beans, but the taste is there!

1. Put dark roast coffee beans on a waxpaper-covered baking sheet.

2. Melt some chocolate by puting a container with the chocolate in a pan of boiling water, stir thechocolate when it is getting hot. Some experimentation regarding what chocolate to use is in placeused chocolate chips of from Girardelli. One should probably aim for dark and not too sweetchocolate.

3. Pour the chocolate over the beans and smear it so that each bean is covered - you should have asingle layer of covered beans not too far apart.

4. When the beans have cooled off a little bit, put the sheet in the fridge/freezer.5. When solid, break off a piece and enjoy.


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In a mug, put about 1/2-3/4 of the chocolate mixture, and add cold milk, until the temperatureand/or the concentration of the flavour is right for your tastes. Accompany with French Pastries. YuYum!! Enjoy!

Electronic Resources

o Rocket Cola.

2. Administrivia

How do I get the newest copy of this FAQ?

How do I get the newest copy of this FAQ?My page at http://aomt.netmegs.com/coffee/caffaq.htmlor via e-mail send a message [email protected]

or for the coffee faq:My page at http://aomt.netmegs.com/coffee/coffaq.html

or via e-mail send a message [email protected]

List of Contributors

This FAQ is a collective effort. Here's a list of most (all?) of the contributors.

Oktay Ahiska ([email protected])Marc Aurel ([email protected])Scott Austin ([email protected])Tom Benjamin ([email protected])Jennifer Beyer ([email protected])Steve Bliss ([email protected])

David Alan Bozak ([email protected])Rajiv ([email protected])Trevor P. Bugera ([email protected])Jack Carter ([email protected])Richard Drapeau ([email protected])Jym Dyer ([email protected])Steve Dyer ([email protected])Stefan Engstrom ([email protected])Lemieux Francois ([email protected])Scott Fisher ([email protected])Dave Huddle ([email protected])Matt Humphrey ([email protected])Tom F Karlsson ([email protected])

Bob Kummerfeld ([email protected])Dr. Robert Lancashire ([email protected])John Levine ([email protected])Alex Lopez-Ortiz ([email protected])Alec Muffett ([email protected])Dana Myers ([email protected])Tim Nemec ([email protected])Mike Oliver ([email protected])Jim Pailin ([email protected])Dave Palmer ([email protected])Stuart Phillips ([email protected])Siobhan Purcell ([email protected])
http://www.rocketcola.com/http://aomt.netmegs.com/coffee/caffaq.htmlmailto:[email protected]?subject=Caffeine%20FAQmailto:[email protected]?subject=Caffeine%20FAQhttp://aomt.netmegs.com/coffee/coffaq.htmlmailto:[email protected]?subject=Coffee%20FAQmailto:[email protected]?subject=Coffee%20FAQhttp://www.rocketcola.com/http://aomt.netmegs.com/coffee/caffaq.htmlmailto:[email protected]?subject=Caffeine%20FAQhttp://aomt.netmegs.com/coffee/coffaq.htmlmailto:[email protected]?subject=Coffee%20FAQ


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Cary A. Sandvig ([email protected])Jesse T Sheidlower ([email protected])Stepahine da Silva ([email protected])Michael A Smith ([email protected]_THIS.com)Mari J. Stoddard ([email protected])Thom ([email protected])Deanna K. Tobin T.E. ([email protected])Nick Tsoukas ([email protected])

Adam Turoff ([email protected])Ganesh Uttam ([email protected])David R. B. Walker ([email protected])Orion Wilson ([email protected])Piotr Wlaz ([email protected])Ted Young ([email protected])Steven Zikopoulos ([email protected])

Copyright

This FAQ is Copyright (C) 1994,1995 by Alex Lopez-Ortiz.

This FAQ is Copyright 1998 by Daniel Owen. This text, in whole or in part, may not be sold in anymedium, including, but not limited to, electronic, CD-ROM, or published in print, without the explicit,

written permission of Daniel Owen [email protected].
mailto:[email protected]?subject=Caffeine%20FAQmailto:[email protected]?subject=Caffeine%20FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions About Caffeine

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