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Frequency Planning Steps for GSM
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1/16/13 Frequency Planning Steps for GSM
1/8www.teletopix.org/gsm/frequency-planning-steps-for-gsm
Frequency Planning Steps for GSM
By Shisenchi On 16 January 2013 In GSM
Frequency Planning is possible by manually or
automatic.At initial stage of new RF Network automatic
frequency planned and then after for optimization based
on KPI manual frequency planing done.
Manual Frequency Planing Steps
The steps to be followed in manual frequency planning
are:
Calculating the frequency reuse distance theoretically.
Determining the cell repeat pattern
Planning the frequency groups.
Inputting the planned frequency into the planning tool.
Generating the C/I and C/A plots and checking out the
results.
Rectifying the fault areas.
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Determining the cell repeat pattern
Frequencies have to be reused at different cells
throughout the network to maximize capacity.
The distance cells using the same set of frequencies is
called the frequency reuse distance.
This reuse distance depends on the number of
frequency reuse groups N.
Once N has been determined every Nth cell will be
assigned the same frequencies.
Also a minimum received signal level has to be
provided throughout the coverage area of the
network.
The cell repeat pattern is dependent on the frequency
spectrum available, the traffic required and most
important on the way the network is planned.
Generally 7/21 or 7 site repeat pattern and 4 site
repeat patterns are used.
Cell reuse pattern
The distribution of the C/I ratio desired in a system
determines the number of frequency groups, F, which
may be used.
If we have N carrier frequencies then
No of carriers / group = N/F
Since the number of frequency groups are fixed, a
smaller number of frequency groups (F) results in
more carriers per set and per cell.
Hence a reduction in the number of frequency groups
would allow each site to carry more traffic.
However decreasing the number of frequency groups
and reducing the frequency reuse distance results in
lower average C/I distribution in the system.
Generally 7/21 and 4/12 reuse patterns are used.
7/21 Cell reuse pattern
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Say we have 42 frequencies and we require 2 carriers
per site then we can use 7 site repeat pattern.
Hence a cluster will be formed of 7 sites.
4/12 Cell reuse pattern
Say we have 48 frequencies and we require 4 carriers
per site then we can use 4 site repeat pattern.
Hence a cluster will be formed of 4 sites.
The frequencies for manual frequency planning for a
cluster size of 7 and for a cluster size of 4 are arranged as
shown below
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Interference Prediction
Once the repeat pattern is determined the frequencies
should be entered in the planning tool.
Enter the C/I threshold and C/A threshold. For GSM
put 12dB (GSM specifies > 9dB) as C/I and 0dB (GSM
specifies C/A > -9dB) as C/A.
Generate a C/I and C/A plot.
Analyze the plot and check for problems.
Debug and solve the interference problems.
Note that to get a correct C/I and C/A plot, all the
1/16/13 Frequency Planning Steps for GSM
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Tags: frequency, frequency planing, frequency planning,
gsm rf planning
sites prediction on the tool should be completed.
Moreover the models should be correctly tuned and
the coverage predicted by the propagation model
should match the coverage on the field.
Automatic Frequency Plan
Planning tools nowadays have automatic frequency
planning options.
This tool uses predictions. Hence the models have to
be accurately tuned.
Moreover Co-cell and co-site separations, allowed
frequency bands, target levels for allowed co-channel
and adjacent channel interference need to be defined.
Frequency Co-Ordination
On international borders frequencies are commonly
co-ordinate with neighboring countries to avoid
mutual interference.
Generally sets of reserved or preferential frequencies
are negotiated between the national authorities of the
respective countries.
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