FREQUENCY OF ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS ...CONDITIONS AFFECTING HIGH ENERGY LASER 'SYSTEMS...
126
NAVENVPREDRSCHFAC 7 OF TECHNICAL REPORT ITR 80-06 402 FREQUENCY OF ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS AFFECTING HIGH ENERGY LASER 'SYSTEMS OPERATIONS i Andreas K. Goroch and Terry Brown Naval Environmental Prediction Research Facility DC ELECTE- SAPR 2 2 1981 C0 E NOVEMBER 1980 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED i L NAVAL ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION RESEARCH FACILITY MONTEREY, CALIFORNI1 93•O1 00 S108
Transcript of FREQUENCY OF ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS ...CONDITIONS AFFECTING HIGH ENERGY LASER 'SYSTEMS...
NAVENVPREDRSCHFAC
7 OF TECHNICAL REPORTITR 80-06
402
FREQUENCY OF ADVERSE WEATHERCONDITIONS AFFECTING HIGH ENERGY
LASER 'SYSTEMS OPERATIONS
i Andreas K. Goroch and Terry BrownNaval Environmental Prediction Research Facility
DCELECTE-
SAPR 2 2 1981
C0 ENOVEMBER 1980
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
i L NAVAL ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION RESEARCH FACILITY
MONTEREY, CALIFORNI1 93•O1 00S108
aUALIFIED REQUESTORS MAY OBTAIN ADDITIONAL COPIES
FROM THE DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER.
ALL OTHERS' SHOULD APPLY TO THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE.
ERRATA NOTICE: NAVENVPREDRSCHFAC TR 80-06
Certain graphs o',. cumulative frequencies of rainrates(bottom graphs on pages listed below) are incorrectly
scaled along the vertical (y) axis. Data plots shown
on the affected graphs, however, are correct.
The following changes should be made:
Pp 18, 50-571, 70-81:
Change scale 81.0 to read 84.082.0 88.083.0 92.084.0 96.085.0 100.0
Pp 58-61, 66-69, 86-93:
Change scale 91.0 to read 92.092.0 94.093.0 96.094.0 98.095.0 100.0
Pp 62-65. 82-85:
Change scale 82.0 to read 84.0C g c 84.0 88.0
86.0 92.088.0 96.090.0 100.0
UNCLASSIFIEDSSECtRITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (W"en Data Entered)
REPOT DCUMNTATON AGEREAD INSTRUCTIONSrEPORT DOCUMhENTATIO: PsE BEFORE _OMPLETING FORMREOR-UeR NVNV DRS AC.oRCESSION . . ECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
Technical Rcport 80-06 e-&,..Z/ JJA. T'ITLE (an Subtitle~), S. TYPE jP-P-N '0ev~a
.Frequency of Adverse Weather Conditions/ Final6. P'•4f. RMING, ROWA4 0"•m T NUMIBER
Operations%7. AUTHOR(*)
Andreas K Goroch and Ter rown
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK
AREA & WORK UN1 N UMBERS
Naval Environmental Prediction Research 63754N PN'12Faci 1 i ty
Monterey, CA 93940 NEPRF WU 6.3-12Il. CONT ROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS *- IE
Naval Sea Systems Command Nove____ _4_ _8_
Department of the Navy 24Washington, DC 20362 124
14 MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADORESS(If differen( frcm Cone nl'lffillce) 15 SECURITY CLASS. (of thl. report)
K- /. - (1 _ ( UNCLASSIFIED1/. ISa. DECL ASSI FICATION/ DOWNGRADING .
16. DISTRIBUTIO.4XA-TJW- rf'f NiW SCHDUL
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abetract entred in Block 20, ii different hfm Report)
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES - -
Original manuscript received in September 1980.
19. KEY WORDS (Continue on rverae side It neceesary md identify by block number)
Laser propagationAtmospheric extinctionWeather limitations
20 ABSTRACT (Co:,atnue on reverso side If necessary and identify by block mnmbeat)
•> Thd planning of high energy laser system operations dependson a knowledge of possible environmental parameters likely toafrect the system. Most basically, the planner needs to knowtne probability that the system will be usable because of
adverse weather conditions.(Continued on reverse side)
DD I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 1 OBSOLETES'N" t12-014-601 UNCLASSIFIFD.SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data nted
UNCLASS I TFTFl"SPCuftITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAOZt3npf Date gnten.e
20. Abstract (continued)
S-'.The most fundamental environmental conditions inhibitinglaser use are high rain rates and low visibility due to fog, hazeor dust. This report calculates the frequency of occurrence ofthese conditions as a function of geographic location. Thegeographical locations chosen were those which may have possiblelaser operations, and include the Persian Gulf, North Atlantic,Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, Korea, and the Caribbean Sea.
With a limiting 3 hour average rain rate of 3 mm/hr, thefrequency of occurrence of the rain limitation is no greater than3%. This depends on latitude - higher latitudes having lesserrain rates - as well as time of year. The limiting visibilitycondition was considered to be 1 km. Visibility less than 1 kmwas generally related to fog and as such is also related tolatitude. In the tropical areas the visibility limitationoccurred less than 1% of the time regardless of time of year.In polar and subpolar locales, limited visibility occurred over20% of the time (Kamchatka, in July).
}2,
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEgWhen Date Entered)
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . .. . . . . . . .1.1 Purpose . . . . 11.2 Objective .. . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
2. DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3
2.1 Data Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 Source Data . . . . . . . . 32.3 Distribution of Observations ..... . .6
3. METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . ... 73.2 Computer Processing . ... . 73.3 Data Input and Verification . . . .. 103.4 Data, Decoding . . . . . . . . .. . 103.5 Analysis Period . . . . . . . . . . 113.6 Meteorological Calculations . . . . . . . .113.7 Statistical Calculations . . . . . . . . 123.8 Formatted Output . . . . . . . 16
4. RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5. CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
APPENDIX A: TABLES AND GRAPHS. . . . . . . . . . 23
Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
APPENDIX B: MARPLT PROGRAM LISTINGS . . . . . . . 95
-r)-T• T"!IT! " 1 - . . . . . . . . . •
Accession For1~IS Gp4&
P DTIC TAB
Justification -
i By~ -.......
Distrihutior / I
Dist
1. INTRODUCTION
1l.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this effort was to determine the frequency of
occurrence of weather conditions which preclude operation of the
high energy laser system (HELS) in real operational conditions.
The limitations include range obscuration by rain, fog and haze,
as well as the humidity and aerosols.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project was to produce a climatology
of the following variables for various Marsden Squares: rainrate;
visibility; total extinction coefficient over the wavelength band
used by the HELS pointer-tracker(8-12 pm); molecular extinction
coefficient for the mid-range infrared advanced chemical laser(MIRACL) spectrum. The climatology was expressed in terms of theaverage frequency with which specified values of the above
variables were reported.
1 .3 BACKGROUND
The decision to deploy a High Energy l.aser System (HELS) as
part of a weapon suite depends on the vulnerability of the HELS
to expected weather conditions. The environmental factors which
influence the system are scattering and absorption by atm..spheric
aerosols and molecules, nonlinear effects, such as thermal
blooming, and turbulence-induced laser beam wander. These effects
are not directly measurable with standard meteorological instru-
mentation, but correlation models can be used to relate archived
1p
meteorological measurements to the desired meteorological param-
eters. The collected and analyzed results predict the frequency
of occurrence of weather conditions affecting the HELS.
2
2. DATA
2.1 DATA BASE
A consolidated Data Set (CDS) has been created at Fleet
Numerical Oceanography Center (FNOC) using the National Climatic
Center's marine surface observation archives (TDF-II) and FNOC's
surface observation archives (SPOT). These data have been
organized by Marsden Square and are stored on magnetic tape.
Each tape consists of multiple files of Marsden Squares. Within
each Marsden Square data are ordered by 1-degree subsquare.
Within each subsquare data are ordered chronologically over the
period 1946-1977.
2.2 SOURCE DATA
Data used in the analysis was a subset of the CDS. The
period 1963-1973 inclusive was chosen as the analysis period.
Therefore, up to eleven years of observations have been used to
calculate a set of environmental statistics.
The analysis concentrated on geographic areas which were
considered possible future HELS operating areas. These areas
were the Persian Gulf (Marsden Sq. 102-103), North Atlantic
(Marsden Sq. 145-147), Southeast Asia (Marsden Sq. 26), Korea
(Marsden Sq. 131-132), and the Caribbean (Marsden Sq. 44). These
locations are described in Figure 1 and Table I
As each record tas processed the data were checked for (1)
parity errors, (2) correct packing arrangement of the observa-
tions (i.e., the number of words in the record must be equal to
some multiple of 5), and (3) agreement of the air-sea temperature
3
-. 'C � -, -c
A I� ___ = �- __ -I
0 - I
- - - - - -
'0, �J'Io -
I 0, -+-L,�- � e iii�2i4� .�i g� 0, -
o - .cI
'.4 � -
I '� �2�I2 �
�Ii0 �0 a � -, ,.
�4
I 1�� �4I
4.001.. � �, v,
___ � 0,4 -
H__ 4., �' !�
___ i - -, � �u c
-� *- �jII�It� -
�- I--. 4--- 4,
�* V � � � 7 Z- 40 04 4
-� I 4,
*4, I -4---- - w0
40
0,
0, �it4JI�-
____t�y: �I�d�± � -4 1H> - - �-�24i' I
-, 4- I
-- w
*c�j H � L
-- *-I�*'*-'I __- '�L±�fij�ii�
�. C f-I- - ..
"' I � �� Is-______ -
I I 1.�.. C?)
- .1wi
L
- �
-1-
I '. " 4.,; ILL.�JY<'�ITii
01,0,. 0,�
- I _
___ 0,�-r----
I
.4'
4
� .� - -
difference with the difference of air temperature and sea surface
temperature. Records which failed these checks were dropped from
the analyzed data base.
Table 1. List of Marsden Squares analyzed.
Square Geographic Area
102-103 Persian Gulf
67 Araoian Sea
26 Southeast Asia
13i -132 Korea
200 Kamchatka Peninsula
44 Caribbean Sea
"145-147 North Atlantic Ocean
252 Norway
143-144 Mediterranean Sea
A 5
t T -
2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF OBSERVATIONS
A wide variation in the temporal distribution of the observa-
tions was noted. A given month of some years had few or no reports
while the same month of other years had many reports. The temporal
distribution varied for each Marsden Square analyzed. It was
determined that a simple averaging of the data over the entire
analysis period would yield mean values that would be biased by the
data from years with many observations. An alternate method of
computing mean values was chosen in which monthly averages were
calculated for each year with one or more reports for the given
month. These monthly averages were then averaged to obtain mean
values for the entire analysis period. This method of computing
the means had the effect of limiting the bias introduced by years
that had many reports relative to other years. The averages of
the parameters were averaged over the Marsden subsquare averages
to produce a Marsden square average. The procedure for calculating
mean values for each Marsden square gave equal weight to all
4 Isubsquares with reports.
6
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 OVERVIEW
The parameter correlation models described in this section
were used to calculate the HEL's characteristics associated with
each observation recorded on the CDS tapes. The resulting values
for the HEL's variables were grouped by month and Marsden subsquare
and averaged. The resultir.g means then were grouped by Marsden
square for the entire analysis period and averaged.
3.2 COMPUTER PROCESSING
A computer program was developed to process the thousands of
weather observations that formed the data base for the analysis.
The data recorded on the CDS tapes was known to be relatively free
of data gaps and errors so only a few quality control checks were
included in the program. Speed in operation and the production
of conveniently formatted output (tables and graphs) were the
main features of the program.
Below is a list of the primary functions of MARPLT (Marsden
Square Plotting) program:
1. Read the data from the CDS tape.
2. Establish that the record is acceptable for processing
(check for parity error, EOF marker, packing arrangement of the
observations).
3. Unpack the coded data using a masking expression and the
SHIFT intrinsic function.
4. Select only those observations taken during the 1963-
1973 time period.
7
5. Calculate values for the following variables: visibility,
rainrate, molecular absorption coefficient, molecular extinction
coefficient, and extinction coefficient for the MIRACL spectrum.
6. Calculate the cumulative frequency of occurrence of:
visibility less than or equal to 1 km, rainrate greater than or
equal to 2 millimeters per hour (mm/hr), molecular extinctioncoefficient (8-12 jim) greater than or equal to 0.8 per kilometer, I
and MIRACL spectrum extinction coefficient greater than or equal
to 0.28 per kilometer.
7. Calculate the frequency of occurrence of rainrates for
21 intervals ranging from 0 to greater than 10 mm/hr in 0.5 mm/hr
increments and grouped by month.
8. Calculate the cumulative frequency of occurrence of
rainrates for the 21 intervals for the months of March, June,
September, and December.
9. Calculate the mean and standard deviation, grouped by
month and Marsden subsquare, of the following parameters: molecular
extinction coefficient (8-12 um), and MIRACL spectrum extinction
coefficient.
10. Produce an output of tables and graphs summarizing the
statistics.
The flow chart in Figure 2 illustrates the flow of data through
MARPLT, showing a closed loop which will analyze all observations
within a Marsden square file before terminating. The numbers
appearing at the upper right corner of each box relate the opera-
tion to one of the ten functions outlined above. Details of the
8
3
A __ _,____ __-
UNU- <
zI
4-ii0
0 I
w ci:
ww
lm 0 W- U--1 0<IiX c -C .-I.U wM F-9
execution of each of the ten primary fur.ctions is given in the
following sections. The parenthetical numbers following each
heading indicate the relationship to the above functions.
3.3 DATA INPUT AND VERIFICATION (1,2)
A buffer input statement was used to transfer data from a
file to a block of memory one record at a time. Then the status
of the buffer i~iput operation was checked for an EOF or parity
error condition. If a parity error was noted the record was
discarded. If an EOF was encountered, end-product statistics for
the Marsden square were calculated. If no parity error or EOF
was noted, the number of words in the record was determined. If
the number of words was a multiple of 5, the packing arrangement
of the record was acceptable. Otherwise, the record was discarded.
Acceptable records were processed observatior by observation. The
above procedure was repeated until all observations for a Marsden
square were analyzed and an EOF was encountered.
3.4 DATA DECODING (3)
Each observation was first unpacked from a binary form. Each
observation was then checked for data source (SPOT or TDF-11).
The appropriate scaling for pressure was applied depending on the
data source. Air temperature, dew point and sea surface tempera-
ture were corrected for sign. Latitude and longitude were decoded
with the convention that positive (negative) latitude was North
(South). Positive (negative) longitude was east (west). The
remaining data were decoded with scaling and bias factors described
in Mu (1975).
10
• 3.5 ANALYSIS PERIOD (4)
Only those observations taken during the eleven year period
1963-1973 were analyzed. Selection of the desired observations
required a simple check that the year of the observation was within
5 yedrs of 1968.
3.6 METEOROLOGICAL CALCULATIONS (5)
Visibility values were taken directly from the CDS tapes.
The four remaining variables were calculated using correlation
models and the reported weather data.
3.6.1 Rainrate
The rainrate was evaluated using the relation of the present
weather code (IPW) to rainrate, originally derived by Tucker (1971)
and subsequently modified by Bourke and Dorman (1977). These
derivations were specifically derived to determine three hour
precipitation totais, rather than rainrates. This work infers an
average precipitation rate from the three hour total. It must be
stressed that this rate is often less than the possible instanta-
neous rainrate within the three hour period of observation.
3.6.2 Molecular Extinction Coefficient
The molecular extinction coefficient was calculated for the
thermal infrared wavelength band (8-12 pm). The extinction
coefficient was calculated using a polynomial fit to the LOWTRAN 3B
molecular transmittance code. In translating from transmittance
to extinction a 10 km range was used to approximate the range
dependence of the extinction coefficient.
3.6.3 MIRACL Spectrum Absorption Coefficient
Molecular absorption for the proposed MIRACL spectrum was
evaluated using an algorithm developed by Science Applications,
Inc. (SAI). The absorption coefficient for each observation was
determined through the solution of a polynomial which is a function
of water vapor pressure (Torr) and temperature (K) and has the
following form:
f(T,P) a1 + a 2 T + a 3 P + a4 P2 + asTP 2
+ a 6 TP + a 7 T2 + a 8 PT2 + a9p 2 T2
where T is temperature and P is vapor pressure. Values for the
coefficients ai, i= 1,2,...,9 were determined by SAI using a least
squares fitting procedure and are listed below:-2 -34
a1 = 9.4351"*010 a 6 = - .0417*103
a 2 = -3.2344*10-4 a7 = 2.6804*10-7
-1 -a 3 = 1 .7890*10 8 = 1 .5392*106
a4 1.0080*10-3 a = 1 .2311*10-8
a 5 = -7.0357*106
The polynomial is valid for temperatures ranging from 240 K to
320 K and water vapor pressures from 0 to 79 Torr.
3.7 STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS (6,7,8,9)
The magnitude )f the values calculated above was checked
against specified limits. If these threshold values were met or
exceeded the appropriate frequency of nccurrence counters were
incremented. Other counters recorded the number of observations
for a given month and the number of observations for a given
12
y- 'We-y-M a - -"
Marsden subsquare. The computed values for the two attenuation
coefficients were summed before calculating the mean and standard
deviation of the coefficient data.
Data on the CDS tape are chronologically ordered within each
Marsden subsquare. The processing described above continued until
all observations for a given month, year and subsquare were
analyzed. Then program control was transferred to the subroutine
MNAVG. When program control was returned to the main program,
the processing of observations for the next month but same year
ana subsquare was begun. (If obser,,ations from December were the
last data analyzed, the month and yeav would have changed when
program cortrol reverted to the main program.)
After all observations for a given Marsden subsquare were
processed, program control was transferred to the subroutine
S, SUBAVG.
C 3.7.1 Monthly Averaging
The subroutine MNAVG grouped information by month and
performed some analysis of the data accumulated in the main
program. No end-product statistics were calculated in MNAVG.
Values computed in MNAVG were based on observations from a single
month, year and subsquare.
Using visibility as an example, the frequency of occurrence
for a given month and year was calculated as follows:
FVISI = NVIS/NDMN
where:
FVISI is the frequency of occurrence of visibility
1 km for a given month,
13
NVIS is the number of observations that had a
reported visibility less than or equal to 1 kin,
NDMN is the total number of observations reported
for the month.
The results of the calculations were identified by month
and grouped with the results based on data from the same month
of other years. (Recall that all of this data is from the same
Marsden subsquare.) Newly computed values of frequency of
occurrence were summed with previously computed values each time
MNAVG was called. The summed totals for th'ý two attenuation
coefficients were similarly grouped by month and summed over
the entire data analysis period.
3.7.2 Marsden Subsquare Averages
In the subroutine SUBAVG, the various summations computed
in MNAVG were averaged to calculate the means and standard devia-
tions of the attenuation coefficients and the mean frequencies of
occurrence described previously. These statistics were grouped
by month and subsquare. Using visibility as an example, the
process was as follows:
FVIS2 = N ISl .
where:
FVIS2 is the mean frequency of occurrence of visi-
bility < 1 km in the subsquare for a given
month over the entire analysis period,
14
n
FVISI is the summation of the individual fre-Nt y
quencies of occurrence computed for a givenmonth and year,
is the number of years that had reports
for the given month and had a possible
range of 0 to 11.
These mean subsquare values were then summed and eventually a
mean value for the entire Marsden Square was calculated.
3.7.3 Marsden Square Averages
Whan all data for a Marsden Square had been processed, the
program encountered an EOF. P-ogram control was transferred
to a different section of the main program and the summations
of subsquare means were averaged to produce the required mean
frequencies of occurrence fo the entire Marsden Square. Again
using visibility as an example, the computations were done as
follows:
1 NFVIS3 N FVIS2.FVI3 =N i=l i
where:
FVIS3 is the mean frequency of occurrence of visi-
bility < 1 km in the Marsden Square for a given
month over the entire analysis period,
NSFVIS2 is the summation of the mean frequencies ofi=li
occurrence of visibility < 1 km in each sub-
square with reports,
154 i~'~I.I
N is the number of subsquares that had reports
during the analysis period.
The processing described in this and the preceeding sections
can be summarized as follows:
* Monthly means were calculated for each E-O-met variable
* The monthly means were averaged to produce mean values
for the subsquares
* The subsquare means were averaged to produce mean values
that were grouped by montn but applied to the entire
Marsden Square and analysis period.
This method of computing the average of means had the effect
of limiting the bias introduced by years and subsquares that
had many observations relative to others.
3.8 FORMATTED OUTPUT (10)
Output from the computer program included tables organized
by month which listed the statistics described in previous sec-
tions. Table 2 is a sample of the tabular output. Histograms
and graphs of cumulative frequency for the rainrate data were
plotted as shown in Figure 3.
The output of MARPLT contained the mean latitude, mean
longitude, standard deviation of the latitude and standard
2 deviation of the longitude of the Marsden subsquares analyzed
for each Marsden Square. Subsquares with no reports were iden-
tified by subsquare number. The number of subsquares with re-
ports and the number of observations analyzed for the Marsden e
SSquare during the 1963-1973 period were given. The output also
16
I, ~ ~ ~ ~ C 044444....
.4 C2aaO O a . C, 4ý C-2 . . . . .
V~~~~~~~ .. 4...-....44
0% 40~a a ~ a O GoCI 3 2C3=a 2 D 0 D 7 ; C20 W I
.4 .0 0 Oi.
-1 *4 .4 -1 * * * * * .4 . .4 .4 - 4 .
o p. a 00000 a a~aa~eO~a
.4 44,. d.4 .. 2.I
4; n C2 42 C1C2~ 0~4
92 4D 4a C2C a ,a
C3 C co .4 = m U * ** . .
in 0. a * caC 2I10 2m = a 4* 0l 4aa o a 00 CI mo O~ 19OO0 .
v *0 a a a m co Q *a p * *2 a a .AJLii -0 00 .4 0 a a :.0,4 e .4n .4 -41 . V
44 -4 .4 .414.4 .4 . 4 -4 0
0 0 z 09 aoO
4 0 0 0 a OVio o o U 0 * a Ui
U% : w, C, * ý C* C, * ý * . .* . Z * : * * * *Ny m0 w 0' 0 O 0 I w
O 0 v 4 ~ oa00~ d w M=n WW C. C'..4. C.4 a C.4 -1 .40 .4
in & C3 C , C 2 a 1 D C .% C 5C ý = c ,t 4fly4 2 .4 S-IA.~~ . .o. 0 00 0 0 .A . . . . .U0*O . j .4 Na.4 o
(A * c ; .C In I* .1 1 1 cp * ý * fu CD In at el * m 1 0 **WWC3C C2 C2C 0 LU CS' Op IX ý) *4 ..
.4 4 14 .4 4.04 a0. C3 U- 61(
to w zj in .44aa0.~'. 44 .4 .4 .4 Od .4 a0
w th 4, ** a m 0% C3 a, 0,ýi C2ac * 0 1
z -9 1$ , K 14 .4*0 -0 W4 at co*
CD aA Ua .4 .4.4
it 0110 (11 4. 0% D U
0 M .4 a Q a04 'a .44.C3 z. .4. 4w 0
C, C4 4-w
0 % a' 4.1 Cr a' a ' 00P 0 I
.0ý4C q4 N 40 c0, M0 3 MOn 0 m 4 I% ý 0
Mi M N0 .4 0N w
0 : *4 1 . . . * . . *I..CK
141 ý ;C C; C;~l-O4)u44 01, 0eo000EJý* IPI
VC LU% a nW1IX 41P lfDi9:4 41
40 in 0 0i4111~in W 0 .4 W4 .OU'P,1%0 W%1u4 e 4 ty a. CS .DL%0 0.
.* .~ 00 f P .*I *I . I * . . . . . K :; P .4 4.4 0 !
W: . .4...
0%a Ia P 1 Vc %o C , omn a CM
a 14 .44U% .3. . .0 . .0.D.-.A.
4= v ao0(1
.4 0:.44. 14 14:W) C; 0OC LI; 0J Of 4 .
v 0 0 0 0 0 0.04
LU
0.1 A U r. ý4 4V J00&P IfI2 1 oi f3 j0a1-2-07-
F 17
5.0
LJIii
S4..0 "C:)
C-)' 3.0 MON SOR
MPAR 145C3"" LWT LONcr" 2.0-
45N 5W1.0
1 2 3 ,4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RRINRPTE (MM/HR)
,-
C3
o 8.M ON SOR
"' L:T LON=, 812.0-
7_., 4SN3 reuny(tp n cmltv frqec E(otm
I--
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE frarIcfAoE r nS:aeHRJ
Figure 3. Frequency (top) and cumulative frequency (bottom)of occurrence of rainrates for March for Marsden Square 145. ,
i ~18 :
wwi
listed the identifying number of each Marsden Square analyzed
and the quadrant of the globe in which the square is located.
All standard deviations were calculated using N weighting.
The subroutine HISTPLT contained the code used to produce
the graphs on the Varian plotter. Extended Core Storage (ECS)
was required for the plotting operation. The graphs were pro-
duced by a simple bin sort. A total of 21 intervals of rainrate
were specified, ranging from 0 to greater than 10 mm/hr in 0.5
mm/hr increments. Referring to Figure 3(a), the histogram
should be interpreted as the frequency of occurrence (percent)
of rainrates falling into each interval. Reports were included
in a bin when the observed rainrate was greater than or equal
to the lower bin boundary value and less than the higher bin
boundary. All observations of rainrate greater than or equalto 10 mm/hr were grouped together and displayed in the 21st
interval. For this interval the histogram should be interpreted
Ias the frequency of occurrence (percent) of rainrates greater
than or equal to 10 mm/hr.
I A variable vertical scale was used to provide maximum resolu-
tion of the displayed data. The three vertical scales incorporated
into the program had maximums of 5, 10, and 20 percent. Data
for the interval 0.0 to 0.5 mm/hr were not plotted since the over-
whelming majority of observations fell into this category. Any
attempt to plot on the same graph the data for all of the inter-
vals would have lead to scaling problems and difficulty in using
the plots. Values for the data associated with the first inter- I
val were listed in the tabular output.1 19
The cumulative frequency of occurrence (percent) corresponding
'4 to a particular bin boundary value was derived by summing all bin
elements less then the bin boundary value and dividing this sum by
the total number of bin elements. Referring to Figure 3(b), the
graph should be interpreted as the frequency (percent) with which
a rainrate less than the indicated value was reported. Again, one
of three vertical scales was used to enhance the useability of the
graph.
4. RESULTS
The collected statistics of rainfall, detector total extinc--
tion coefficient and MIRACL molecular extinction are included in
4 Appendix A. These are in the form described in Section 3.8.
Within each geographical area statistics are provided for each
month. In addition frequency statistics of visibility and rain-
rate exceeding their critical values are provided for each month.
Program 'istings of programs relating archived meteorological
data to rainrates and extinction coefficients are provided in
Appendix B.
20
5. CONCLUSIONS
The environmental conditions limiting use of a high energy
laser system are basically high rain rate and low visibility.
These conditions limit the use of the HEL system in all regions ex-
cept Korea less than 6% of the time. In the Korean area, visi-
bility is limited by frequent fog conditions. These low visi-
bility conditions are less frequent in winter (below 2%) than
in summer when they occur about 10% of the time.
The highest average rain rate limitation occurs in the tropi-
cal zones (for example S.E. Asia when rain limits laser use 5%
of the time in November). We again stress the limitations cf
the rain rate algorithm however. The algorithm is accurate in
northern Iz~titudes which have long periods of relatively light
rain. The tropics, however, often have short periods of very
intense rain, exceeding 25 mm/hr. The averaging techniques used
here "smears" such intense occurrences over an entire three
hour period. An aver'age rain of 3 mm/hr in three hours, may
just as well mean that the entire rain fell in a half hour, and
is characterized by a rain rate of 18 mm/hr for a short period.
21
4W --.
REFERENCES
Dorman, C. and R. H. Bourke, 1978: A temperature correction for
Tuckers Ocean Rainfall estimates. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.,
104, 765-773. 1$Meteorology International, Inc. (MII), 1978: The FNWC Consoli-
dated Data Set. Documentation Report for contract N0O228-
78-D-4316, Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center.
Science Applications, Inc. (SAI), 1978: Marine Electro-optical
'Micro-Meteorological' data base and statistical analysis.
Technical :.struction 78-51, Contract Data Report to Naval
Sea Systems Command, PMS-405.
Tucker, G. B., 1961: Precipitation over the North Atlantic Ocean.
Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 87, 147-158.
22
APPENDIX A
TABLES AND GRAPHS
The data in this appendix are presented in two groups: first,
tables of rainrates and bad weather statistics; and second, paired
graphs of rainrate frequencies of occurrence (top) and cumulative
frequencies of occurrence (bottom). 0,.a table and eight graphs are
included for each of the 14 Marsden Squares analyzed.
The graphs summarize their respective rainrate statistics for
the months of March, June, September, and December, in that order.
These months were cl.osen to represent the four climatic seasons of
spring, summer, fall, and winter.
Within each of the two groups, tzbles/graphs are ordered by
Marsden Square number in the sequence shown below.
Square Geographic Area
102-103 Persian Gulf
67 Arabian Sea
26 Southeast Asia
131-132 Korea
200 Kamchatka Peninsula
44 Caribbean Sea
145-147 North Atlantic Ocean
252 Norway
143-144 Mediterranean Sea
23
a~Q Q 0 4 a C; 0 Q. to ca ai am a a a 2
.4ý4 .4 .4.4 .4 .4 .4 4 .. 4 1
A C, mel C
0 08
f .4 4.4v4 .4 .4 .4v4 .4v4 .4.
10 0. 0 * . .* .0 1* * I **. . I Iý,. .44. .4 .4 4 .4 .4 .4 w I.-
av Rt m ea mma a aa 0 0.
toc ci I o j.oqaaw *a ,O CI a
.4 . .4.4.4.4 .4.....4 v .
u0 oCID no oO aa2o C2 0 4 a a3 92P 92 -C.* =. I. *ý0 *v 4. C4 0. =.4III I I I Iw 14 8- mO
0- C: C: a 4o t CD ma o aa m w 2 .2
2 ao amwa0OOa aWa0=
w CL a.4 a*0 .424In
M 0 0 el 0 . l C: C! ý , ** * ý Iý *: * : *: * . C: CIOI -
.4,4.4 .4.4 .4.4 .4 .4.4 .4
*s 0 ci ~a cici C3 = c i 4cl a a *iC oV c ocpC i
In v. a C 4 o 0C3Qo 4 00 U oa ao 'a a %~~0-f 1444.4 .4 .4.4 .4.4 1 4 Z M *; . . .
z C: 8.3 C3 CD a:0 0=w c 4aC sa( D
co C.K v0 woo o o a cmooa C2 C2 C3 0 c3
~ W .4..4.44 .44.4 4.4C3 0 oa9 200 C m 01 ,a=C %a 0 in a
w IfII i W 2 ca C3 0cm QC2 M048 go w , W7'.4 '.~64 .4 .4... 4 . 4 0
2r C a a 0 8 pC2M00 C! *: It *i Sl C, : *, "t 0 C . .I . ..
N; C; ftor a a0 aoa a 9 3 ;a a a o0,0 a aC; A IW-O r vc "0=C = a = aoa Q 0'M0o W14 Wi 1 .4.4 .4.44 .4.- 4 .4 0 &IA U%
Ii : a , 1a a in O C: oa O t. 0 0' ' el It %. ! " ! T . ."C
I.W f0C 04 0000 COo M 0a COO = (%c M 0e1~ý 4 . 44444 ..4 .4 4
0.0 C: CC 8 1C C !"C !.. ..
2E0 %a le C 2 0 00000 C C 0 ma0 3a M 0 a C2 MOa w(34 aoliC249 w Z C, 002 0000 c ,0 Cc M0 '.4 3. 00, 4
0 C0 00: 000N.40 0000:00400,d'0 SX * = D C3 m I* * o * ; * W...............................
0 V -a4 0 c W00000M'000''r'.4 4 .4.44..4 4 4.4 .4 U,
0. 9- C2 w0C ý.4 C; .m .000.4 .00 '.4 -of00.0z0000 M 'M.4 Z m I
W4 IS *4 .4~ *I II I* .4 ,* 11 1 * 4 U1 -004
.4 m~ 04 0000 00 a OO 0 0 a, a. a, 0
l-4 a4 ooa.4 a O 000000014000C0 W
F~~~~~~~ coo o C ea o 8 0 0 a I
z0 N 000002 lC>c 1P-o
N 0 . .I I a =I . . . . . . 1 a Q o o lo aD C : 3C mCZN a' 0000 CD CD oý2 ID - C0 C
4~~. V ao o 00 0 0a .
W .4.4.4.4.4ý C . ..4 .
N m000 C3 02C 0 0 = 4 m0 a, 0 M .. 0'o'a, M C
.4 . 2 M.;1. w ~ M4 m
.44. .4 .44
.4 =0vM~ C C MaM MMC 0 M0 O' 0 0L%C 0% 0 v m . . ( .
ca .4 .4.4 .4 .D4ý
0K x'00'' % O 0 ' '0'U 0 3 0 0 0
2.24
k"Z
.44 000 u*.m1
a a a a C a C3 2 a* a C2 Icm.. 11 C ,10C ,. ,
v ýl ~.4 .4 .4.4 .4..44*.4 .4 .4.ý4
CaaaC' 0C'0o 00 0 09 O' C!.4 .4..4 4..44.4 4.4ý.4
* * *9 w 3 Q C* *2 C3 *2 * 3 *2 *2 a * m C; * 2 cs * D * 3 * C3 *. 0.4 .4.4 ý.4 .4.4 .. 4.4 l.4 .4 !.-
C3 C2 a 3 sC200 7caC 0 2 ) o0C C 0 242C 0 Dm 3 w 0 0 :
z .44ý.4 .4W. 4 .4."4.4 .4 1.-p.~
a! 4 A. -4. ."441 umN
.4.ý4.ý 4.4 4. .4.4.4 .4 C2CZaC aC 2a
.* *9* **4 *ýý :ýC.1 C: *ý C! * C6.. . 0
14 4. .. 4 .4 00~
00 0U 0 *; 2 C3 . 2 w * * * 2 * 2 * * L) * * .* * CD . 0 W . .
Z W w .4. 4 v4.4. .4 .4.4.4 .4
1. C ; 4C C * C, 0, 00 00 00 V' 0'000000000 0 *4! C :*4j w (I' (3 C3C-0.4 -Z .0 -400 0 00 0 24 14 .4 400 0 -3
O. .UZ i4 ý 1 . .. . .†† † 1.1 w ý % *ý : .: , C: ý .: . w
o y vc,( 34 a a 0C2 C3000 30O'O 13.
w~~~~ ~ ~ tu .4 .4 .4.4-NC
I'. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) -, MOI tiC ý C C -C ý I te
44. > * C' * ' 4 1 0* .13.1 ~ 1 .4 CIO O L O.4
4- 01 1 0 00 0 0 of I.
w -.4.44...44 , 1"" .4I- S. L) W 2(V.4t In.41 ý 31 1ý 0ý .4C:00 0 0 N4 . I 0 9C2 0 4 0 C.2 CýI .0m =
z w1 "; C... C . . . .w *; C; C; 4 * z3 4 CA 1;N . v 000000 02 c4n3 0 C30 0 0 0 0 0C) 2 0
In . w4444...- O0 0 ! ... 14 ý C ' .
0 4 0L 0M 0 00 0 0 ONI O00 0 0 0 aL 2C D u
.4 -4 .. 4.4..
.4~- .* CU' C":09 0 00 0 P- 0 0 0 00 0 LL, . .4 N.
ZMOM CD 09 =0 0 C:000 ' C .W% . . . . . . . ..W; c ra . C D.C>C4.4. r , -
OOONOO~~ =40 00 C5''1094, a,4~
C:C IC ý1 U. 0
a * ** * *) w m
4~~~~ ~. 0 .4 0 400 09000
C;4 .4.4 z.4.4. =
z 4 14 " - " 1;
0 ,.0 M c1.z- cx z-
25
a ~ ~ ~ ýZ4 0ma 000000 ooOo ýaa
* . . 4 ***e** . . . .4-,f444., ooO2co OOQ
14 .4 ý @.4.4-1 .4 .4 4
M~~ ~ ~ ~ C2 0 ".21a0jC
* ~ ~ = ý4* . .4..C , v
-1 000 .4 -. 4 -
.-...... 4 4 CIO.. 4 C; 09 .1 .; I.qv~~2 C2C3oaC
4.4 .4 -14.44..4 -0 .4 .4 - -
W :1.1 ,C: C :* :1 CA r -
> 0C wcac- C2oa &A Caa a30 0 0 tz IV CD C
ce - 4 4.4 4 ý -ý4 4 a.4 a No~
CU V' w.jCD C) m 3 'm 0 Cam D c
C, 1ý C: 1ý C3 C! 1ý4 ) ý
cm P, wOe .r C~l'~3 CI C' 0c f C.1 M -)0 a, '4 C
ZCA 0D 0. -ý-D
C3 'o O'0u'tf00 - .O.44JaONr %4
Zf V 1) 11a-c0 j w' LA 0 0 4 . 0 0 0 ' a a i 0 o.-
CL.1.1* * t.CU
cc C. w- Q 2v.,)zwcrwC
1: C; C;,;~ 00;0 4 zj00'0W.C''
0' I- I
_J . a Co a,
o U\
5-.~1 5..2'
~ J% 3(jC4 C~f55,CJON - t'-4,b~r.,OC N.C' -D C1'.''
o a, C. a, 0a
4- .44. M- 91 C ~ a, .C.-
z4 <~ w 4' aC' < 40.0c1,4O I
4k n <1 0C S.o041 C ' Z.5 L, x vi x.40 0 z c Ofa
.3.. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M 1 '4
C.' '26
Q Ca __V_:4 ::1:C :4 ý0 4 :1 ! :4
.4 mm' uaa14 .4 -4.44 4-4 .4.-4.14.-4.4.4
A
.4 mm cm Uv.444444 4 .4
42 C cmacma4~. cacm
.4w4 .4.4.4 .4 .4 9. 0
4, a ca C, 0%aC DC %3 Iw o
V Pm-4 ca 40 a.44:. .4 C: 4:..
C. C a, 0 a2 0 01 M4V4 Pm P at MUU a-S. Of49 .. e a 4,a P ~ P P C, 0% .m cr *ac
ac N otaPP P P -Sa
U3 01 Ot It 4! 4 41
0ý C.2 C,42 wlm PP P P C.2 (% .t o0 o
I e f 6 4 4 O: - %,I -CD a~ CD~444 4 C2 Ol0%0 0 20%W N V%1o ODae oa')U))P0 0% 0 t,~ N C2 #7 a'
W. 4.4 .4. .4 N
U) C; .. a C; Paac PP 0,0 13, .
w i .ý4C,4 4,=4 o. 4*4
OQC 0 3 sC ON (Y' CCO.4a4PN c; t. *0*U a d
N 3 a C xc at a, a7 a cy U) a 0 0 %00 r-
U) hi h 45 .4 0 a c
)i.~~~~ a1 .acaN4.NO' Di 040)'fQO4%U . ..0 1.-
Wy v) Or o 0% 30PP . ~ a' N Cl y ' Uj CZ) .4 H 4 4
0(4 4 0C 1U
ot .4 Of * x*na
10 Li. 0 14 C2.4:N 110 ? 0z 0o a ae.40e% 0% 6d a c 40 40 r*tO 0 U.
0 ~ ~ 4 0Pv~ 4m0 a .o(
.40 64 OIa.N~U N4.. He Ll0 o m(P - 0 0 ON 1, H(7 0 c *.*I 31 4 m 4 .ý m :('w w -
P) C .4 l4 .4 C%. 00 Mmomf00ýNgr .LA r .w
49~ ri 20 a
C2 W M ýc 4O.4 0 4.4 M.4 N t f N Nc
C, .4.4 . .. . *; . . .U . ). L.
40 .4 Ir a .1 ** a, 4 *0 * *2 ~~ . .4. .4. . . . . . . .4
.4 .4.Vu p PP DoC 2 %1%U qf 9
C* *2 4 N q4 t w CY *: 4* *, .nN0 C.L0 .4 11')U)0)I) .(y O (1 M11
v UUQ0'1 P'UUO m 0.
cr~ P. . .0
2r CF, o -V P0 Y %0%0 3 Y %4 ,"
*o e~.Z iOL-. r)-z- b( -2 v A A AP0~'O
0 tI .40'J)x -aN 49 g x L6 4cU) w z a ) 0.-* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ý W " I I*II**I*****I 2 004
.40 .4 cc )#0 )0.4lN.4P 27
v U~po'00Pp~o0 -14
hi ;7
IIý 14 d 4..4 94T4 .4 .4.4 .4.4.N.4 NA
0 0I4
* .a~e am I ; 1;~m~.4 0 tmio ft a 0MOO
at O On@40 0*00000 0 CD00
44.4-4.4144.4".4 .4q4.4 1.- 0 * **z Z 40 tv
'4 4.64 4 4, .44444 .4 .4 IL
V~~ ~~ in* 00 * * 6 0 4f0. C14 . .4 4 .0 -4 ý .4 1-
SW * 0*me *@am4@ 0 0007 U4Mom
.4.4 q4.444.4 4.4,.4 1 yI .4 4C4
w I I -A ( .0 0
10 410 iiilo @m ainiiiiiu0$- WOIi 0
a N aca L3 00 04D 4 Za Mot0 mm C.
- 4~~4.4.4.4.4 4
ct .~ . . 4c
U*SV *** * 0 . . . I ac*
wf .4 .4 . = .. .4* * *Sn 0% 11, 000 = C3 C: 4: C0goOTI: 0
L6 WW .4.4.4,4"4 .4
0 0 00 @0 0 ~440 0 Z00I-GOD4NQ0-O
4..~~ 1 4 .44444 44 .
W% C 4 0 5.. * : ý
.44.4,44 0 N-EU%.4
4S 4 C2CP . 01 1 O t -
U. 0 w404994N 4 IL 0* a,064)9490 0 M M a % * a
6- v 11. MC, " , M 0 M 42 0-4 .44.4
z N A maa ' h. .4 .
i4 t A or 000m0% 49 0% ,400%O a l w 4.0 CD-
w~a .444 0,g .
0 (4. CY CD 07i ef i .4MP 00N 4
2ol *1 0 00 49004.04Mae9.2 U.
I" * 4 .*4 4 44 4 -lIIII1 *4 *~4 * Lt W
inw~~ u 0%
W4 F.M. 4v4 N 44 M00 0f0 N
-C 4; 0 Z' Coo0* 1
244.4: 94 .4 .* 0 9Cz z 00 0 0 0 0 4 :1 :;1ý1 3c
w C
14 Fn3 4 .D a,11, It It i !10.I 4 4i
g ~ .: OW.. % N, 4444.44 4.n F ý1 k: 4* 4 44444..0.mNNIN4 m4 17 ,V.0 (,a , 1C0- 4
cy c N 0 an O4 .14.14 Cy A a N 4.0f 0 CP 4IA vi049.t014, D r )NAD0a
0 rMMCN Va -C44%a , ,a %0 0. to04 aO 4 0%4 a, 1.
z .4
zom 3 zi m t :Io4o W31. z -iCo &6 3 V AA A
A4;&;=m )1 8ow 4W
4O.4~wUoaw i1A
-' 28
8: inaamS4a@ 0 WO=eeoma
II .4 .4.4 .4.4 .4w4 w4. .4 .4.
M wamw="oaOaw *mama@wm w
V.4 .4.ý 4 .4 .4. .4 .4 .4.4 o
*l 14 . ~41 91111* .: 1 . . ..l . .04 cc ;I .j .4 $ c 9 ., 1114
.4 .4.4 .4.4.w 4.4.4 .4.4 .4 I
C: 1:C eC:l C O, 0 00 0. . 9 0 W . N 5
W.4"' 00 IO~
-9, 4 a. moa m aa ma = LIS 3 C, 0 , 0 0 0 ,a
4p .. C . 0* ** 44.4 W c ~ 4 *
acZ 4 4 .4 .4.4.4.4 4 4 4c:-
4 .4 IL CV LA C00 O OO O O
w4 14 "44 .4 .4 *, x
C, L. C: C! 4: C!0..4 0 140 0i *0a.4.4a4ON a4CJ0m0 0m aPa .ADMP)
w4 v, a* w4 *:1 .4 .4.4 a4 Z.0
zý 0L .2o1
m * 1 4 *o .4 .4
C: C:o oa o i .40 t - 1ýýC ý1ýC :C04 0 C2C 3 ( 2C a mM %0 2 C
.4~~. 44 4%4
z .40 'is
An ; 4U a4 ~ i 04 4.w 0 : :C; 1; C; 4; ca a iL 4~4 V1 aMa 2( ,0 is
29 CC
11 V,.4,4.4,4.41414 14.4.4A4
fu C. 0*1
v .4 .4 4 .4 d4 .44..4 .4.4.
in caca 7Caao C:n aoeýC! C! ýC3nC! :0 m a w 0=0 = w ca o omeoa C3 U% .0 UN
-4 .4 4....4'....4 -4 .4 14 .
1: tam
o oo c o C:o oc c o .WC ,C :C ý ýCC 2 :l
0 00 ooo oo C3 aa o o o o *9l* ca C2 C3 *2 Sx *2 *2 *
.4 4.4 .4-4 .4.4 .4 . .
v C, C2 C2 ao W 0 N W C3.4 v4 .004000 0 a Coo a o ca.*4 C4 -4C.24 C2 4C. 4 I.-
"0 0 0 0 0 0 oo jo c c v C3ca C C a C D9 Dcmo 0. C34O.Ixo o o om. o o o o ~ o m c m a oo* 0 . .4 .4 . .4 . * .f .4 .4 we T i % aN..
" " -4 -4-4 14 4 d 4 4..d .4 x
OP. Z ý IA oo o m oo C3 C;0 0 0 00oo o o o o z3 C3=C )e m 3cI 20 DC 2
ly
C 4 .4 4 4 .4.4-.4 .4 Id iP40~
cn( 0 D 0 D 0 CDo C D C3c 3 C 0; 4)- CD C3,'" 0i '0 P. C2CDit4 v 00 0 00 0 0 = D C 2 WC lC ý .w w ý4 ý4 v4 44.44.-I .4 - .
CD es'.0czC DCDc PC2C ,
- 4. .4 - 4 .4 1 4"0 L) 44
In wA. 4 .'J.4) VZ CD 4 C= CDC2 .4 " D W U
I 0 .. 0 . ..0 0 10 C4 C: 0ý C. C: C! It C! C, N U' 3
-T" 4.0%.4J- .44.Ji 0 N .4 00NN4 n -
inc .4 00 0 0'400 ' .4 .4 -4 v4 .4U. ...3*
1.1~ .44 II I0 Z 0.0~...00I-0 Z 0..)'..00N>U"A~
0.30
ca C2c a C2 a c 2 c a C3 C 42 a C2 4 0 =
Aon 40 r. to
6: ma oa a aa4 ana @'a 4@o wý .l *: *.c :1 :1:I : :0 :C*02 ca a qv 0 a 10 C, 41 e 0' 0V, g.4 aC3 . '7' 4p 0
v aC3 D Rc C meOC2a%0% 0 CD I4ffy.4-14.4.4..4 V.,44 .4 .,z 0 o**
C3 C3 m 3 C cC2CDC3.44a aaaaI aaý .*c C. *. ** * * ... 0'* ** .* .*
~ aw a o cca aO'a C2 7~**4 .4 .4.4..4 .4 .4 .4 14 .
03 C2C 2 C l : 0a 3C , m w U %% :
.4. 4 * -
cý~~ e! .4 . .. 4Cocr2CDQ< C2 wc~ C2 caa %aC2mD4:0'0%0% 4 HP I
.4 .4-4.4m .4 14 mZ N N %w a, a-a000PN a0000:~o
~~~a. -4 u'4 .4 a oo4o~. Z a a0 0 %
V) . 4 cm m 0 1:o m <:,00 m 0'0M010'0 -0w o v M 0 M' C C (p T M (p a' Ca .40% ý
-1 4n 0 -6 It
..j laO*'.tC -
C3 Of v mn c, a .3 c 0on m m T V,.0' a
(A' l;.4.4 0ýa %aq2 u v )13- 2c)0 1 ,c%0 %0 e n.
00U % %1 aa oo .. 4.44 ? :ý w
0 y v 0'V 0 1 000 o 00 0 C raa'M 'a'3. WLn ws too -4.-44 0 N"0.Z 0 40ciCJ
LL. aý I? O4.*4..C 1A C: c0N.DN.M.Aifsý *:
I.- 00 13, M , M
z 0
It, c' '4C 0 14.c
L) 0 0 .(5" 0 0e'4 '''. 0
-4.
.4M .4.04OZICa0'. N I
.J . .n .
4 w a,0o000 ,0Va-C00 #I000 U
i~~~~ rc Mal .4,0-?O .4 a.%WT a,0O.4O4cC"~
9 00 0 3'''0 0 =o. 4x UUS . .
Z.4 Nt K, f", V*.SO'14
w~ c,0.rt Z!. a, (P ýc -c X, 10 ov~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ac -- a 12 a , ra,5.4 0 .4.. 00 00..I.~.DJJN. .
v 7,Cý.N~b . N 0% a, or a, a, 91.a,.4c, 0
-o cc0 1,a c ,v, .VZra 7 'y a ,a
w 2S~ll
0;1 1 1 -P I 0a tj? , T -j 4-. on
31
1: Cii I 14 0 iC:ii 0 i :C: 11 It .2C,101
A
(3 0'0'co to m m~a aaa aa aaa aam mmm w 1 .: .
.420mmoooom 000V .4v4 .4 f.4 .4.4.4f.4 .4v4 .4.
a 0 m a a a aIMP a c ca mI C m c a mC (a ma a m
V~~~. ma.4em m -. 1.- J4*
4144444...... '21 0' .. 9.* q *mQ .mmmmm cmmt cs C m all aca woC 4CO ;1
v o30 ama mmam3 mma Ua0c 2C.44.4.4.4.4 .4.v4.-4.14.4
0 CD .* .3C3C q* .0 .* 4; *2 ** CD * , ; C2 . 3 * 3 * a* = 4 4
S= a CD Wma "mamC"amamCam C2W a .4 CP.41 4,4.4 4 4,4.4 .4.4,.4.4 4lI-.U
.4- a . m m m e m mm m a m m c4-.4 C2 1 6: : *: n : a. *4 S *ý *S C: i * : S ý * 2 * , * , 0 *
C'' C20 0C4o f Ca i a c a . m . 4 c a a m a m . 4 C 'Ul 0 " I . n .r S Na 4-. a 0.4me a.4mm am i m
.4V4 .4 .414 .4 .4 .4.4.4 z
ci C tC c saC a C2 ~mm clj 0 t 0C2 ama C2 a C: I
w v C'cm mm a m 12 0 3cc .44.....4 .4. m
4 In P-- 49 4 a
In C C 3C 9; mmDc a - a, 0cp Incmcjc - ýa w 'mm L310 C v CK 0' m o am o c CD4 3=C 2CSC rC 2
(A .O C mc ( 0 Cmcm.,im ' ex Cl a, .
US V mu 0 a mcAmaJ~ ~ .14 .-4 4.4ý4 4 .4.4 4 .4 0zI U .
wo 1 a v3ý a J Jmmamm.~'In Il J 4.4 4.4 .4 "4 .4 0 FN..OIw*-
U. at ic~cmm' i ''m''muaa
w in m 0 ai m U2 '0 0C:0.m1:3'a ý0 0% 0%
I-- 4 > a a ~ '''''c0'Ca tr 00OaT
14 .4
4- In cU AC 0c 34 M. 0t 4c4.4%0 M SC 2a C D0 D% J Ina
w''''''aaa0a 0.40 .44- , :1 4"1 14. O'0 00 ' o~ D OD(3(%m 2C SC)4 c
0 . . .. * ; 1 *z
0z 4 a,(1 PM Y 0 e 11U
Co 4
.4 . . .. .4 . 4 N 4 .n. .. N . . . .D~ . . . (K
.4 4~C: 1
4 ~ ~~~~~~~~ "'f*4.4N
O4N. I*4.4N Q4N
42 0 a0m4 0 a 0ao 12 IOCIO10:0
H.44 .4 .4.4 .44 .4 .4 .4 .4.4
a 0 0 0 0 0a M a 4 0 o n em m e ~ mw .
.4 mm i ma mv .4 4 .4-4 .4 .4 .4.4 .4.4 4
a ex o2ama am 0 cl C3 0'a N P0Ja0v 0. Cl C. :0. mOmCC 1. 0. IN N
.4.4 .4.404.4 .4 .4 .4.4 4 1-- 0 * 0z z "103t
II I C' C 0a 0 C' C' 0 Wam
.4.~
4a 2m 0a~ C;0am'~ 4e L.4,411 4 .4 .4..4 " .4.4..aa m ma'm "
034 1 0 0 Ca C I C: 4 Ia C: IC nO'.n It CIO 00: C: CIO C: 00 C:40 C C =22 In aaaa a a 0a a C2;caa0%0a a
o' 0m 0 CC'a 0aa'0 ""'41 3 .4 4 .44.1.4.4 .4ý4 .4 & 4C
Ifl . w w0 n .fl ca4 3a aa c: am w00a a a a do Il v a ma.O
3d71 0 ad 0*@ "3a O I0OW 0 .S( 4' .4 .4 .4 .4.4.4 # .14 04
0. a ca aa.4O.4a a C3 2 Jc.4a 0 a = aa=ca a a a'a d U44. 3d 9; *; *; *; 9** *** *ý 3d) *., * ** 3d ý40C
w ( an am CD cmg a C2 m =O 0' a CC 3- 4 ,0-wA 3d .44 .. 4.ý4.4 .4 " .4 " 0
a.o a ... a a ma44. U. 0 aaaa o i a.
w w 4 .4ý .4 .4 * It ý .4 a4
w 3a n cm aq CI 0 MO ==Q00"0'0a z %(A 14 ; " C ; C ; . 42 an N.wooC N ) 0"0 0 0" C' C0'
5-4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -.............. 9.*J ** . .4 .4 14 .4 * .4
4n C. V2 0 *4 C2 w4 C:.4 .4C3 Z
tol w -444.4.4 4 4 .4 *
2 tn C. J0 O~ a.. ra , Paq - .C 2 I6o V > M W '0 , 0 = a p 0 -z -14 . .4 .4an-
0~ a,.oj a. VI * Y C*0 0 00 . 0 W Q 4a0C WC n
.A .- . .1 2 :I llII" . 0z '4 01 ;C;m a *5.f.D4.4O N E . a, M0s-Ia C3, tJNO'w 3da 0 m C2
o1 1 11 . m C.. .O9 * l a wocac* , 4.o 4!C,0
.4 -d -4 .9 aC0 C: C:U%0at m(P00%0In.
(YU%. .4Y v4 00 0 to000 0 0' aI 4M .51
w w
4NI O .4N .4.4 ..4000~0N 0 0MO
m .4C an LAN~ a*0 F.. Nf% UN Pf N m
0 -4 - .. 44 .~ . InUN ODC v0% 0'a',-...0.
0 .4140 .4 10 W) 4 q4 40N %f)M - -.40 a %.0 .4 4 " 4 M "000ND 0' C a
arI ~ 0 10~. . .9 4 *: 4. C! 9941!
0y ca ma UN %t D0C fin w.4 .4 1; V3 W%0 0 0 DM W.4 .4 0
3d z atCL = mW o at otmOt m
33
4 CDa 8 2m mm w w 4:1 a 4cm rIA
a amnmmammma mama mwamm k. Co . .C: C li : C *ý C! *! C! ** * * *. 0 40.P:
m a m . C*C C .. ....
0 Co C:m~ C:C a. :Ccr 2C C3 a amJ Cm J C'T' 42' o 3* C.w
M M C2 * w Ma M * : : : a 0. a. a a. .a. * a C
0-4 ca 0 0 C3 o 0 2m3co a C30 Oa ca C olamC a a Zs(t
a' 2 U) 112ma m. am Oamm a am .0 0 Co o ( a -* * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . 41 4 4* *4 4* * * *4 0 . ) . 4 4 .
on 4 2 C Dc o a C 40C C2na~m~~ 0a, C, 12 C2 Ill
40 0.40a 4 Za- . .4 .4-4.4 4 ý 4 .
cc - C, 0 0 Coo 0 0 C, 00c7.oa, N *ol4Z~ M I
w . C3 CD CD M or . . . . ; . . . . a
) w ad . -4.4 .4 .4 0 4~a
4 ; C C ; C al: i C: m mol ~ a-) il f~
z. 0 1.4 .4,Ui .4 LA a ~ 41 0 m 4 4 . N P Ca C20 0 0 o ' Z 10J . . . . ... * u * . .* a . -Z r 4 I. C, 1 U)
(A La. U K .. .
.4. A . . * ; a, a. C;.. 4i *4 C2 * a U ~ ~0 16 V M00 0 0 0 0 J .
0000 00,~ ~
Z VL -40 0 0 0 .4.>ad
Z 't .Kv 1- 40c,0 %( Y ' 7 7 Y %(%
-2 a. *y a, a, a,) -Iý(
r I rN% In. M4. -0 0 0 0 a~ I-. C3. 0 ooN4y W
C, 4 .. .4r.JD L .: ..: .. . . .10 0 0 0040 IX
on 4.4 4T, ~g a,. M0
. . . ... . . . ..- .I) ..4
v M4 40 N1 L
0r 0. a, Ol MVAAA,U) Z
4 W
4 .4 ~ ~ a d U a d C i~ a 4 ~ ~ ~ U0:
0iM o a a,~~~z 4UZ4Z9 4 oroor
N Id 1-I
ID4Dg oa C ,cMKK 0 E
1- a cr 71 a a, r34
a :,~I,:,Caa. C:, 4:0: i :in m m L' li :2
..4 .04 10 =.4 104 -
0,o s C*'" "C'0'' *.4 1.4.44.4.41.4.4 .4.4.4.-4
o w,0Cca 40aa a aa o aa o ao o o CDI m ,
Tla C: C: I : : :I C C.9 1 1
m~~ . C2 CD m co *m ** C3 * C2
.4 44 ... 14 4l 44 .4 04
zo o ~ o o 14 .4.4 .4 A4.4.4.4.4.4.4 .4 10
41 a 4- ;4 :C DC c bc-0ac I aC .444 4.4.4.C.4.2.4a4.4 0
en L I .4.4.4ý4 .4 .4 .4. 4 .4.4 14 toN0W
If: . .C. . . .. ~ ~ c 4. C. a C; 2 . ; 2 a . 3 ; . 3 * a ; . 11:ao a cm C3oao ~ O LU2C2C 2 3 (
4~~~ ~ ~ ~ 4 .. . .4 4C 0
t: .2 = C3 .3 C2 C) ** *3 CD0 D* = cm D *2 2 C* *3 = N .4 a0'eni v o o o ina aU , Co 0m 0 0O0 Cf I ,a ,C
cc 4 4- .4.4..4.4..4.4..4
z,.. . Z e : .42. CCt aaoC oi: noo C 4 ý aC,aa o C, ~ 14 1 *ý *t C,N 0 wo o 00 0a a 0 0 0 ' e .Dn-
LU w .4 .- 4.4 41.4.4 .4 .44.4 4 i
2 a C3 C a2a 13 C3a ~ 0 c,0 O 0 C3 C 3CUC.4C ; Va0ý1 l ý :C ý1 CV 4: CI3'a a O C.O Z
be t 4 .4 .4 .4 4 0 41.4- .4 .4 .
0r * 0'C ,C 0 C = C " C'w Ni . .4. tt O. 14 4 ý4 41
C!1 :1 , :4 , *0i1 ý1 . : C..,... 1U 6i* .. .0!
61- C' C' C'.p.404- M 0=. *.p0 aC3 ~ .e ~ c, 4' . .
L4 1 4,4 . ý -.ot Of. 04 .44 0 '.. o % .
o .4 .IO . .4 N.4CJWIv V.-4 C
0 0C :1 ýC ý 7 DC 3 C
0 .0 c .4 a 4 OS U2cr C 0C m140 m
enc4en.00'WIN M 4c4ne3 W* ..4 "O4 (
4 0z; *Y N* *2 *r *0 m9 =9 *3 *3 C3(N a,0. .44'.*..0' I I .4 a' -4 4 .4 04 I'
4 4 .01. NýZNt
O9C 14 Z0 14 P,.Z.C2 014 > m0''..J.01~ VAAIn IA %W040 W iL I-4. C: LJC: N (4z ' 0; aZ~ 34 2 Z uI cl C C (1La,(Y - lOlt1 W1Z
35 ('a a C % 2a 'a Y
42 . P .40. M.4 a*** * . a a a 4
04C 0C oooCoO a o oa .0 0a n .aClIt . I4 .4V44.44. .4. 44A
a~~~~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 aC c C , a4
v ~~~.4 .4 -4.4.4 .404 .4 4 .4 .4
z Z C3.4
14 "4.4.4.#4 .4 .4 40.4 0
0 *3 a a 2 *2 m *7 2 * 3 2 *2 *m * * * 0 * 3 * 2 * * A.3 .C2= CD 0 C! 1OW
z o4oo o 00 .1ooo o o 14 " . . .-
0 La
"I- 0 00 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 20 0 2s
La% 0: C:1 C : ld=.CC0C C : ,C
vA cm co o oa o o 00 00 0 00'0 CD L2 CD CDaa.C aa~~. .4 .4 . .4 .4 .. .4 . .. 4 z j ~ C
La v 0 C 20 %2C3C2C20% C2 C 0 0 C5 04 4m - .4 - 4 4.4.4 v4 4.4 Z ....
In 10 0to 00000000 2 002C 20 0000000.0,0D C Lcc of v (Y *ý m C2 *ý .m m .0 .7 . a, C3 *, K .
D La La ..... 44.4 .4 .-6
(0 0. 0) M 'C ' C4 '" 0C1.. . . . 4 4 .4 .4000
00' .0 ooo 000 0: C. C:0 00 0 O C! 1ýC ýC :ý.=1 . .". :ILaC v La C 2CM4 DC mo ~ o oo m M C3 CD UIn w .4 If 4 1 -4 4 44 4 10 -4 0 a ,1
o 04 .4-040 0 0 O N0 't0.N f~tC
S -. Z L
04x 0 C) 0 w0000 @O 0S 'o CD 1.w m 4. 4 4.4.4. .44
0
m 0mCD0 I'D N0N 0004 C. " C' U.
.4 .4 A 4 -.4 .4.4L ~4(0 0 CCD m 00
Z. N 0 ,wa l 0, V 0 % 00 .0'C '6 4 4 ula , a , a.,4 % C I , a , c , 1
0 4 0.0.43 M4T.4m401Na, .v.?I gooJC".
v4 -4 Wl 0 .d o
19 0:I 0
.4 :r 0N a a,1 .0 10'0.4-r0w c , a o
0 - zc fo .z- L1 0Qzc xc 0 . . . . . . . . . VA0A(A4z 4 w .4 a.4. NN.-"'97'N U Z) 3 .1w-9M ==Dwu0
u 9L 20nuX 0"000C0..9 )0 Z0" b9La1
4 z 4.0 .J0I6 N4.0...Je....
= 4 ~*~.....~.........
I .4.4 .4.4 4 .,4-.4.4 .4,
A2r
LA N.a m ae
W. . 0** * * . C. 4* *0 * . 0* * .*0 : C a
.4z waa a a a a wj
* 4** * * C: . #4 ** * * . (* .at a cam0Qc a a Ma W a 00 W al alaaa C0 a a acaO
U' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % aam aa a a aa ma a na a %Dm.*ý .: *: * : *. .ý *. ý *3 *: C. 4: M. CI * ot - r la*
(A V amaam m e 124 21 2C MW 0 .4 a
- a a =acaoaaxoaaaa aa aa aa aa C,4;~ ~ ~ ~ O*0 W.:::: aaaaaa
v 0ai~ Mmin w CA CDC2C2 2 2 oC2.444 .4 -. 4 .4 .4 .4. 4 Z
a a a C) a aa3a a a Q a Q~ Q C@ o aD .4Cce - . .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . 4 -
U% C3CDt tz aa 3 a a 0M aa 2 c aaaD aaMao
in ~~ L2 Z; 1..CI O . C . . .0W4 4. $4A. 4ý 6. ý4 4
a C U. a Caaaaawa0= a M DC MW1 aaaWaTa a Z"; * *; . . . *... * * * *; :I ; ; * ; * : * 0 * ; * o * ; .*1 *: .
'A vW =~a = M M a M Q ca 0aC MaWa nW ItW . 4 4. .4 "4.41...4.4 .4
(n LLI ~-4 .4 .4 .4 4 .4 vi.4 .4.4 v4 0 .Nrý(3 .4C3C
In W t; .4.-4..4..4. .4 CiwC ; a p00- 2 > ( a0 pC2cmMcr0P
U. 4009O. . a 4i 0' a.4 ~ a 0 ' 4 p4 4 ,4 .
9.m MC C!' wo a oi 0'oa a iC3 0%0 y N3 C Do02 4 0-4 .4..I.414 .4 .4C4 '
Z 4~~1 Wo a ~~~a O a, ale 0' a a a 0 0 0a , cjo
4 % . ý4 ýý v ý4 0 0aC!C: 00 ' 0- Cl at N M.4.j.4 4 .44..... .4 s gg .a .
oY & (pa40004.4- c, C, 1, -0' P x:* * * * * * * * * * * * * III a'.* C, I *Y W .1 M*
No 47 04 = hC r I IN L
fn ta -m MCm7 ýmTV M a 0y MV404ns.. N 0 (71 M w a, CU (r
4 CIO IA'M MOC CC .m4 N M4. aa0U u. c5 0 -. CE .
0i m 4 %U NmNm .4 0 40 0a Nýz 4 ;C ;4 ;- zz1 M C zC
alM a,48 *0% 1 .- -. % 0 C
0 T v 0%'008a800O0 m) 0,a a ,001a ,(1 %ao PaPw, Tem0
6.. xi *
I- Z0WW4-z 1 u 0'M'0'0'0'0'ad0 0 V0
40'0'0''0'~n-- 0 z of.
37 N4 'U.'t'N .
5.0
u4
C:)U- MON SQR
MAR 102 2
C3
= 2.0 L.I .AI
22N 64~E1.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RR]NRRTE ([Th/HRI
100.0UUUUUUUUU
LU
zLU
~99.0-ku
U-
90 . MON SORLU
LU LRT LONS97.0-
u 2'2 N 6 E596.0-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE U'111/HRJ
38
5.0 "'
ILdztj4IL) 1.0
0- 3.0 MON S) 0R
°JUN 102
I~El
r ,,,LAI LON'.,,".022N 64E
, I I 1, I I I 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MM/HR)
100.0-
SLii
!l 99.0
I 98.0i MON SOR
-JU tl 102
S97.0 LRT LONu-j,,, 22N 64.-
-9£6. 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RANIRATE (MM/HRi
- 9
5.0 -9
- -I-
4" .0
U 3.0 MON SQR
SEP 1012"" LIT LON,"2.0U. 22N 6,4E
1.0
! I -II
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
:VERRGE RA]NRATE (M'M/HR)
100.0- - U U U " U U U - U U U - -
LJ
- 99.0--
CD)
96.0 MON SQRS EP 1r/)
ILl, 97.0-
>_ 22N ? -6I.- 96.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RI:NRATE (MM1/HRI
40
5.0
4.0
~5.0MON SOR
Li IDEC 10~2c~2.0 .k
1.0
1 2 8 A 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERRCE RR]NRRTE (Mfl/HR)
100.0 UU=UUUUUUU
UJ
Li
C-,0 70-
LU N 41970LA O
1 2 5 6 7 8 22 NI-RG RIRT (l/~
a41-9K9
5.0
Lu
"4 .0-
JL3
_ 3.0 MON SORz• MAR 103
"'2.0lvi 2SNI-SE
-I
1.0
I • - I - I II I- -I I - - -I- -- I- -- I1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1I'l
AVERAGE RAINRATE (M/IHR)
100.0I
•.99.0--
o(-:
MON SO-
L>- LLoz MAR 103U-,,, LnT LON\=: 9-7.0-
cr--96.0-
ii
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MMIHR)
42
C-3
z4.0
30MON SOR-~JAN 101D
2.2LPT LONU.- 25N 5 5
11.
i 2 3 4. 5 C. 7 8 9 10I AVERAGE RRINRAiE- (IIM/HR)
100 L 1UU *u=**
S99.0-
(-3
'3 9801 MON SORJUN 0L3
= 97.0iLP LOU- I > 25N 55 E5196.-
I 1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 6 mAVERAGE RAIRATF~fE (rMl/H-R)
43
W
5.0-
4.0oI:,,," 3..0 MO-O
::3
SEP 103"L LAT LONm 2.0
25N 55E.• 1.0Ii U-
1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RA]NRATE (MM/HR1
100.0- a a 0 m 0 0 . m 0 . m m . 0 0 = . . .-.
Lii"- 99.0w
u d
09.cMON SO
:3 LAT L-il=,- 97. 0- -u_
=3 I
> ~~~25 N rK 'Ecr
,j RE'...o,
1• 2 ,.3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 le.
:I• AVERAGE RAINRRTE (MM1/HRJ
44
5.0•
-LUz"=z 4.0
"3- MON StR0 3.0-
DEC 103C3
2.0 LPT LON= 2.0
25N 55E1.0
t 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE dWlHR)
u t"U -MON SORI :, 8.0-
(-3
DEC--103
"w LPT LON=- 97.0-
25N 5'51S96.-
1-
1 2 3 ,4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERA4GE RAINRATE (5M/HR
45
5.0
z: 4.0
U .MON SOR
2.0 LRT LON"-2.0S14N 55E
I :1.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE 1MI/HRI
100.1• -==-==="=
"'°IIz
S990-
+F
" MON SORU-)Z- MAR 67Lt
,, LAT LO0= 97.01ui -. 14N 55-
S96. 0-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 i0
AVERRGE RA]NRATE (Mll/HRII
46
5.0 --
ILL
C)
" MON SOR0 3.0
.1 JUN 67bjuj', LAT LON=-2.0
I 4N 55E1 .0
. 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 G
AVERAGE RA]NRATE (MM1/HR1
100. - - = = " - - -
uLJLIl
"" 99.0
9&" MON SORSo 98.0
JUN 67C3w LA1T L=" 97.MN 55E
" 96.0I
(3
1 2 5 6 7 8 9 1a
PVERAGE RR!]NRATE uMiI/HRI
47
5.0
C-)zLU
SMOICl_ 3.0 MON SOR
"• S; SEP 67L3=U 2.0 LAT LONU-
1MN 5E1.0
1 1 2 3 . 5 6 7 8 9 10AVERAGE RAINRATE (MM/HR)
SIZ0.1•-- ?- _- _ - • = - - - _ - - - - _- _- _-a
z
b1i"Q= 99. 0- -
-3 9q8.+ MON SOR
LU SEP 6 7I.L
Lu5=- 97.0-- LAT 'LON
• i 4i S
MMC -)I- - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
SI 2 ,:l5 6 7 •"I AVERAGE RAINRATE UIrI/HRI
48
z~4.0
C3)
U-,
03.0 MON SORu~ I ALL "
2.0 LRT LOýJ14N 55E
1 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVEF~oE RAINRPTE (M11/HFRI
100-O
Lii
U-0 98.0 MON 8IOR
DEC 67~97LPT LON
& IL-
I t 5 6 7 8 9 10 IAVERAGE FRAINRriTE (MV1HRý
44
4H
LU - lhI'
3.u MON SUB
MAR 26,, IAT LON
5N 105E1.04
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERAGE RRINRRTE (MM/HRI
, ,,z,' ""84.0--
C)
U-0 3.--MON SOR
MAR 26C3'• LPT LONrS,," ~82.0 "'
SLU"' 5BN 105E-: I- -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 !0
AVERRGE RAINRATE (M1/IHR;
50
LizLu
Q= 4.0
"3. MON SOR
JUN 26,,, LIRT LON""2.0-
-5N 105E
I. -Mi lmr- =I m-I I-=
~02
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9
AVERAGE RA]NROTE (MiM/HR)
~84.0-
o83.0k MON
IJUN 26.2 LPT LnON.
.81 5N 0 5E
A1VERAGE RA.]NFRATE (tiI'I/HAtIa:
i 9L 51
+ ~- ~
m -4
5.0
4.0
30MON SORSEP 26 L
IL1"2.0LPT LUN
,,2. 5N 105E1.01
• -4--:1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MM/HR)
85.01
zIui
',' L5I iLON
I7-
-J
n84.0--
4 ! I I I I { l I I I I I - -1 2 5 M 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RINR5TE (IIEP/HR 2
S5N52
S , • - J i : • , . • • • / • • % • . • - - • • • , , , , . ,. . > . • . . . • t • , , . , , , • • . • . . N -: . .• . • c • . ,*1• , . ' : , 2 3- ,, ' [ • " ' 4: • • • ' " • 4 " ' • 5'- .* 6 '8. '1 0' - • '
5.0
'UzLU
U-
U .0 MON SQR
DEC 26LU
20LRT LON~205N 10O5BE
1.0IAT
1 2 9 it 6 7 8 9 10
RVERRG',E RAINRflTE (MfI/HR)
L)J
zLr84. 0Iu
_- MO
83.0 MON L07%I -D5331
82.~~~ 0 -L O
5.0
LuLu
C3)
0 MON SOR
C3
LU2. LPT LON34lN I1341E
1.0
1 2 5 6 7 8 9 1
AVERAGE RFLINRPTE (MM/HR)
85. -
Lu
Lu
=1(-3
C-)
MO 3N R810-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7M8R 13416AVRGLuNRT M/R
=54
Ld
zLii
40
3.0MON SGIRJUN 131
Lii
5= 2.0 LRT LON34IN 34.E
1.0
AVERAGE' RAINRATE (MM/HR)
z --
CD.
u-.0 83.0- MON SORj
zc- JUN 13182.01 LAiT LON
u-
34IN '34FEcr
0 81.0-
1 2 3 ~. 5 6 7 8 9i 1
AVERAGE RFINRFITE (MM/H-R)
55
5.0
i~Iizhin-0
-)
"MON SOR0 3.0
SSEP 131"wL - LIlT LON=" 2.0
"34N 134E1.0
, 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 !o
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MM/HR)
8510i
z
ci
U- -- MON SVJRSE P 1 31
Lii
u LA T LONu-i 34•.1 • --
iI-
'HI-H -HIt -t- I ! 1 I , , I I I I1 2 ,. 5 6 7 8 94
AVERAGE RA]NRATE (M!li/R;
56
k 1W
5.0
"'4.0
u-3
.c .MON SCIR- DEC 131
""U- LPT LONcr2.0
34N l34E-1-1.0
1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERRCP-- RAINRATE (tM/HR)
85.0~
LU-1 84.0-u C)1
°DEC 131LL -0 MON LO
j .8_ 0- 3z4N i!!.>- i
U-1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RINR37 TE (MM/HR)
37g
I 5.0
i '=
zz
4.0j
C-)
LU
0 3.o MON SOR
LU MAR 1 2LU LPT LON=2.0 3t 21
1.0
S1 2 5 5 6 7 8 9 1V.'
AVERAGE RRINRRTE (MM/HRI
95.0
• • tI""1 94.0-
U- Snz93.0N -- M
LLI
(~ 93. 2 KP56P 13 (1
LU LPT LONLU 3T 12.
I--
L t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ho'
IAVERAGE RAINRATE (MI/HR)
58
5.0
zuJ
C.,
3.0- MON SQR
JUN 132ILl
Il I. LAT LON.• ,-,- 2.0B
34N 124E1.0
1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 1 0
RVERAGF_ RAINRATE (MI/HRF
S95.01
U J
9A.0
W, LAT LON':a:
2. 3'i 4 5-
c--
AVERAGE RA]I'RTE (•IIHRI
S~59
5.0e
Lii
z4.0
LU
2.0 LRA LON3ztN 12~4E
1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 !9
AVERAGE RR1NFRPTE (MM/HR I
z -)2:S P 3Lii
c0 92.0- LP RtDLU 4
a--2:
1. 2 3 A. 7 6 9
AVERAGE RAINRATE iN11/H-RI
60
5.0
Liz
LUC:3
w, LAT LON= 2.0
[iLL
3 5 C- 7 b, 9 1 C
AVERA:-GE RAINRATE (MM/HR)
I 95.OT --- Tom so 8-0-6•-
u
LL ri 9, •.
u DLL, 3-' "h -
=,' LRT LON"cj 92.0
1 2 8 4 5 C. 7 $ 9 10
It_~
AVRG ' R IN "- --
4 9 t .6
±-_ _ _ _ ___._ _ ___
1 2 9 4. 5 6 7 6 - 0
RVERRiGE FRiiNRRTE UMII/t-R'.
I 61 -
10.0-
Lu
zLl
"'8.0
U--
0 6.0 MON SOR
SMA R 2 0 0CL
4.0 LAT LON
54N 165E2.0
14 5 6 7 8 9 i0
AVERAGE RAINRATE (HM/HR)
90o0- - - - - - - - . -
uzULI
88.0-u
I U-86.0- MON SOR
•U M R R 2 0LL "'LPlT LON
- 54iN 1b1"" I 5I1 6
a:T
-J 820
1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 i
AVERAGE RAINRRTE (MM/HRI
62
z
6A~MON SQR
0 .0~
u
Lii
26.0-
-I-
1 2 5 5 63 7 8 9 11
AVERAGE~ RR1UN~RTE M/R
90.08863
uIj
=. 84.+LT L',
6.0 MON SGR
zSEP 200uiLRT LON
54N 165E
1 2 3 4i 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERRGE RRINRRTE (ilM/HRI
0 86.0- MON 10ý
El SEP 2 L~84.0+- LRT L n-
D4[\ IU
cr_~82.0-
1. 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERRGE RAINRRTE (MII/HRJ
L ~ 64
,,, 10.0•
8.0
L -
"MON SQR
DEC 200u.-- LIT LON
"L 54N 165E
2.0 i~_____
2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERfGL RRINRATE (MM/HRJ
90.01
" 88.0P -T°
C)
"MON SORDEC 200
84 LIT LONIt . . " , -SSb41 i b.b-
- 82
p =3 ?Cc)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ArERRGE RR]NR:TE (MII/HRJ
65_-. A-- t-.
zLii
UL- MON SQR
MAR\ 44
I-LlT LONI'
14N 74WV
C-) -z
U-MON SOR
MA~R 44~L LRT LON
U-
> 1MN 7 A1EF-z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVE~RGE RRINRATE (!¶1/HRIf
66j
Liiu-zLii
C:
0 .0MON SOR0
zJUN 4I4Lii LHI LON
14IN 7/4 LE
1. 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RRINRPTE (Mfl/HR)
C-i
CD
93.--MON SOPzJUN 44~LuLPT LON
LL
Lu14N '7 4E
CC
1. 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE FRINIRATE (MM/I1R)
67
5,' --
5.0a
UJ,z
MON SQR(3.
SEP 44u LAT LON=" 2.0Ž1-
""14N 74E
1 2 3 ,4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
AIVERAGE RAINRAqTE (MM/HR)
"- 94.0
,-S93.0- MON SOR7E -:SP 44
u.,. LAtT LON,-"92.0--
>t 14N 74,-p-,-
-91.0
1 2 3 A 5 6 7 8 9 1,
AVERRGE RRINRRTE (MM/HR I
68
8 -15.0
4.0)
30MON SOR
U -DEC 44C3€2.0 LIT LON
1.04•-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERRGE RRINRRTE (lMM/HR)
95.0 . -- - - - - - -
LU
zLU
S94.0-
C)
U-
co 3.--MON SORLU DEC 44 'C3 L . LAT LON=a 9t'°0 i
- t-
1 2 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,1AVERAGE RRINRATE (IMl/HRJ
69
Lii
uiLPT LON= 2.045N 5i1,]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERRGE RRINRATE (MM/H19)
850-
zLUJ
U-MON s fl,
(-3
LU
LLj
951,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 19 10
RVERRGE RR]NRRTE Wrl/HRI
____- 70
5.0g-
,LIi
L.3
u
40
"MON SOR0 3.0
JUN 145" 2.3 LAT LON
U- 45N 5E
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MM/HR)
85.0 .,_- -E U- -.- -- . - - - .
z I,i,84.0
U-CD
"83.0MON SOR
JUN 145"" LPT LON='," :12. 0-
+ K45N" 8 t.0"(-
1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 1,
AVERArGE RAINRATE (MM/HR)
_____ 71U
- , 'AA ---
iiz5.0
am 4.0
0 3.0 MON SORSEP 145
"U LPT LON"=-2.0L_
45N 5E
:1.0
2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MM/HR)
i ~ ~~~85.0-===-=
Li-
W. 0 MONT LO R
-i• ' /S E P -4
C3
> 5 N
a:
1 2 3 4. 5 6 79 1
AVERACGE RAJNRATE (MlM/H-i
72
5.0
.0
3. MON SORDEC 145B
~ .~LPT LON45BN BE
1. 2 4 6 7 8 9 1C
RVERF1GE RRINRATE (IIM/HR)
MON S 0P
u 2.-j LIR L 0N'
-j 81.0T
1 2 3 - -5 6 - 9
. < -, - . . ., - - ,1 " ,- ,.' • •.• ,• ••••_ - - - - -... ,.,, • .,z••4 o- ,:.• -•
5.0
U-1zLU
MON SORu-,,, MAR 146U-S "2. LRT LON
44N 1 5H
1.0
1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERAGE RAINRRTE (MM/HR)
85.0.I
LU
zb-i
~-84.0-• -4-
, 83. MON SOR
-PMAR 146L2.' LAT LONL.
44N1
- 81.0
(..i w -m I'1i I I I I
1 1 2 3 ,t 5 6 7 8 9 1e
RVERRGE RRINRATE (MM/HR)
74
5.0
Lu.
C)
3.0 MON SQRJUN 146ca
S2. LIT LON
""4tN 1 5E1.0
2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MM/HR]
85.0 . . ====m
zLu
z 0 -
'• 84.
C3
SsMON~b SOR
S•JUN 14.6
I, CnT LONuJ "-- .L
- 81.0LL
F.-J
i I I I I I I I ) I i I , I I I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERAGE RAINRATE (MM/HR)
75
5.0
S4.0
" MON SQR
SEP 14-6C
"2.' LT LON"-2.0_44N 15E
1.0
1 2 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE IRFINRATE (MM/HR)
85.0- .======
Li-
z
.- MON SOR
SSEP 146"u-i
L, LPT LONS82.0u_,, T 44N 5FE
-n
1 2 8 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERAftGE R, INRATE ([Mi/HR)i
76
5.--
LJ
zS4.0-
0 .0 -MON S]R
LU DEC 146"2 LAT LON"U-2
44N 15E81.0
1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE R;INRATE (MM/HR}
.- )
°3 MON SORDEC iz.6
. 0 LRT LONt-1
L- 82 .0 "-,"'44N i
- 8 1 01-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 C
RVERAGE RAINRATE (rM/HRI
771
5.0
Lz4 .0 --
5.11
.3 3.0 MON SQRMAR 147C3
U-. LRT LON
4I4N 24Wi'5" 1.0
1 2 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-
AVERRIGE RR]NRATE (MM/HR)
U-
83.0-- M ON SOR -
.5i
C3)
S=82.0- LAT LON"> 44 N 2 41
5 4 5 6 7 10 ]SI::I~~VERAIGE RAI]NRAITE (IPIM/HR) •
L78
• 784
F :5.0
40
S0 lIo-MON SQR
JUN .472.0 LRT I-ON
444N 2 4.E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERRGE R:INR:TE (IM/HRJ
LiJ
~83.0-MO R
UJUN 14782.40IA L ON
> 44N 241E
1 2 3 4 5. 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAI1NfRTE (IIM/HR)
79
5.0
.3. MON SOR
SEP 147ui
"".0 LRT LONU H 44N I?4E
2 4 5 6 7 8 q 10
RVER:GE RRINRRTE (lMt/HR)
85.0--
Ld
zLu"" 84.0-
UU-
83. MON S"Rm SEP 14 7Lu
"82. 0 LAT LON'>LN 4- 4ai:
1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 13
RVERRGE t..UNRATE (MM~/HF'1
"80
:t:
5.0
hiZhi
U 3.0 MON SQRSDEC 1 A7
"m2 LAT LON44-N 24E
1.01
1 2 3 A 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERAGE RRINRATE (MM/HR)
85.0T
c Tz"84N.0-
C-)-
CD 8.0--_. MON SQR
L° ,DEC 147a= 82'.0 LAT LONLL
"44N 2dr
1 2 3 A. 5 6 7 8 *a 10
AVERAGE RR]NRRTE (MII/HR)
81
*- '
.3 -
10.0--
C3,
LU.
"0 MON SORcr 4.0
--'-'M I:R 252.•,,,LaT LON
LL
65N 4Fl_
2.0
-1, , , , I I I I1 2 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERRGE RRINRRTE (MIM/HR)
9•.0-_
zLu
C:)
j60- MON IS RM•R 252
caLHT L NLl
>65N 4E=3
J,2:
•. I I I ~~ ~~~I I +- I I 1 I I 1 I 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RIPNRRTE (MM/HRi)
82
10.0-
"06.0 MON SQRJUN 252
C3', LRT LON,,"4.0
65N 4E2.0
1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERRGE RRINRATE (MM/HR)
I90 N.0
°•-,_JUN 252
ILu
Q I
"Li LPT LON=.: 84. 0U- ± 655 4-
AVERAGCE RRI WfATE (ri!M/HP.)
83
n,
10.0-
z~8.0
U-
0 .0MON SQRU -)
LUSEP 252U-40LAlT LON
65N 42.0
2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 1
AVERAGE Rfl]NRATE (ilM/I-R)
90.0-
LuzLdS88.0-
A: ~86.0 MON, 252LU25
=84. 0 -- LPT LO0N,"
4 L.
cr_
1 2 8 A 5 6 7 8 1 mAVERAGE RAIlNR-MTE U1'IM/HRI
84S~7
10.0-
LiJ
zL~J
MON 5IQR0 6.
DEC 252uiLRT LON
* LL65N rAE
2-.0
1. 2 9 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERRGE RAINRRTE LMMlHR)
90.0
o88.0
C)
86.0- MGN SORD EC' 252
uiLPT LON
-J82.01
~~ RVERAGE RAINRP.TE UII/tIHRI
85
5.0g-
" 4.0-
U--
0 3.0 MON SOR
MAR 143"= 2.0 LIT LONLL_
35N 15E1.0 -
, - I- I - -- i I I I I I I I1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
FiVERAGE RRINRRTE (MIIM/HR]
95.0- f-===- -===• I -
C...)
u--
U-)
9-.0-MON SOP
LU MAR 14.3"90 LRT LONLi
35N 1 5DE-9101
S. I I I I I I.. ! I I I i iI 1t 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 .10
RVERAGE RI:N'.iATE (MM/HRi I
86
37w WP-ý
tJt
5= .0
u-J
s 3.0- MON SQR
JUN 143',' LF4T LONC=, 2.0-
. --35N 15F
T I •I II : I I i i i l i i i i i i i i I1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MIIM/HR)
95.0
Lij
z
JUN ,4"-' LON,•.92.0
Li_ T
, 3, MO3 N iSO
u--3;N 15'
1 2 3 4. 5 u 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (Mtl/HR)
87
5.0
z~4.0
03.0 MON SOR
LUSEP 143hi
=2.0 LPT LONLL
435N 15E
'IIr
21 2 5 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAiGE RRINRRTE (rlM/tIRJ
•195.0-Lii
:94.-L)
93. MON SOR
Z SE 143
\LAi OILL
"' 20 LRT LON
>35N1\
41.0
1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVER•GE RAINROTE (PIM/HR]I
488
*,M-k' 88
93.B HI• SIJ
5.0 -
zLi
"" 4.0
U
0 3.0 MON SOR
L- IDEC 143uLiu, LPT LON=-2.0
"35N 15E
1 2 3 i 5 6 7 8 9 10
RVERAGE RAINRRTE (MIt/HR)
wi 95.0fzLii" 94.0
L)-
S93.0 MON SOR
Liicaa
,,, LAlT L 0 N'U--
> 3 5-N IS5* c-J.- 91.O'f2: +aI I I I II Ii I I I! I A
1 2 5 ,. 5 6 7 8 9 1 e,
AVERRGE RI]NRATE (MI/HRl )
89
5.0
!,,1.08
LUl
14.0-
uE
LU
U-
C-, -
9.0- [ION SOP
C3= -MA4:R 144
ui
ILl
"U92.0 LAT LON
3 N 4E.I-
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE Wii!/HRi
5 90
5.I
40
1•- MON SOR
JUN 144ILu
"2 LAT LON
36N 4E
1 Ii2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRRi"E (MM/HR)
95.0--
94.0-j
u tJ uI
0 93.0-- MON SOR
SJUN 144
"'92.0 LAT LON
I-cr-7 -
1 2 3 4[ 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MlI/HRi
91
5.0--
77-
"'"4.0 -
0 3.0 MON SQR
SEP 144S2.o LT LON
u_36N 4E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 :10
AVERAGE R:INRATE (MM/HR)
! ~ ~~~95 .0 -_ _ - -- = = = = ,
U94.0
" :'• " ":S O RC - S, 144
S92ii LRT LONM3ON 4E
'-I
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRAiTE (MIM/HR)
92
5.0
LU
3.0 MON SQR
DEC 144 V2. LPT LON
U-I
1.0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AVERAGE RAINRATE (MI/HR}
95.0±- -
LUJ
z
C-,
S93 o€MON SOR
D'-- u C 14-4
=33SLPT LON
-iqli.-
- 91.0T
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1e
AVERAGE RAINRATE (WMitHIRI
S~93
APPENDIX B
MARPLT PROGRAM LISTINGS
This appendix contains program listings of programs relating
archived meteorological data to rain rates and extinction coefficients.
p[
95 ••-
* Z=
.7-
1w
V4
W) aCA
CC
of a
w x7""r (4 Z4w w z3u. . WZ i N
-2 1.-4 C*U. -A a4 Z. I.
1- x) or 9 .4 I %*C tjY2 a *u CD I.. w
IL 9.JOD 94 Ha a= z~ 1' : 0!
r w aW 0* 0 -
11 Ift .U) t! 6- 0 ItN ; 01 z- e.4 az a.x a 1-e ItNU)4 .4 7.14 * Zw .CL L:0 O : - g'4 .49 Z! :!23 9c 94 z
W W 0 .4 ;; I-- Z ~ 1-.Di . in w
44(4 1L - .J.4 9) -ý v%. 14% j a -1-1- . L C1-%Z1-Z "L Z,-o --Z~~- O*flq l1H a .3 * ZI o A
V 4 IL. #.- Z Of CU (A H Z 4.1- 4 CU 4=C U.~f -i 4 0") L~ 0 4a C3 .1 V) -
Q. Z. 0 CWOW W = .4C M 4 ar ' *4 )1ý-3 9%0
I.- (Lt.14 J.1 Z -1 0O.I4fl. CU IIA. C --- 19 -i -1 a 8ow(ZaILZn4-INwT ZN1-ls-.W- 0 *. w4 w4 34z< 6.-W 99( of)*t-IL> 1-1 4 Lo V)W W S3.- (Do2 Ix L.M1-Uj kaa w1N *W nwf.C-Z* * 9 % UZC I 2 Z A
It 0. .44Jt N a4 '..b4 . 9 % % * % t 9 CU NI. 3Z UC.4 V, -4 X w *a -9~ P) 0*24-4 C - WLx 341
4(4
1 -M :LXLN.E1(t C.. * 9 0C; Nfi 20 fte 0 -4- . Mtn Z1-- UZwtf4*Z-nx1 1aa.. NO N .N ~UsN4 N IL 0 .0=1.- 4 i 0
t- 0J401i.z HN.I =. --3 WUMO' * *.%-44 it%%.1 .4 *1 M C)4a z.4 x -Il_ Z1-4V Z~.t~% _j: *~ 0 4 L - Z W M w N c I- a a MI.-3 W CUcz-I 2L Z -M-' "Cqw04 *4C~i .(\ *MCOC L''0-Cl w 0. - 0: W o-I.- Z U 3 % .6
.a I- Z Z ZNZ -i X 0 VW < 'M J *LL LL Aý ZZU. U.Z X t.I 9( 11 L3 C3~ 0. of =I if z ir jCk!00 9-4 I * I-. II I lilt t.- itN 0 -
ct c *- la. O0r
.4 a 4 a4 9c
49
0(0 0U0 0 L) Q 0
106
.4 0 a 12 31%ca a UC3U.4 .4 Ny e on V) lilt.3
4-W
iiAIIIi
4I
I3
� A$
S0
'Iiz w I L3
3I
z � a * * � *0 Z - a ro a - _w zu, -
0 IA. - - - 4a- � *- & I- -� �w z ama w - � W m W 4 W '4 IiiI X I � � Ia � I.- .W - Z
-a- tVa�I�4CJf�.� cw-w u.w 0941.L. C S U Ig�rT..4.44a-.�.4ruTa-ZgI� - U. IA. .�CZ C.) IA.
c.)�'JZau.oeuOCfr II LA. 55��*.44.4* Z'4.JZS-4a-W 11J.J a- 755-a- as nQ.ma-a- ma-
-.. a. u'�z-'- a- �.J U 0fr 7 .45%J*..'5j5 7* CIA. Z'CIICIrtA.DtJ.OZ ).UIA. .J .JC.IA.C U.CMOO �0 4
za-' 0. �CZ'4'4�-4a..4m.��4 '4c.�.-' x � 0.43 a-94 * �0
a N N N94 uou uc.� 04343 0043
U U U 94 .4 .4 .4
11% C Its m IA C U" 0.4
* #. 0 0 0' 0"94 94 94
I- . -� --
C-
.W co4
W~ 1 40 L
2 U%1- C
a2 I 22
M.4 C , -J In 'ILU 0
W0 & CDm 4I
I.-I Zk a )
~~~~0 w I r cV)~~. in 00c y
NI fN 2amI C, W4 f It .4 .. j .
P.' WJ In *4 xx 0 ) 6. 41cfC ;IlI
(A I. es I -4 P ,1 fl f o o% ;c fi 4 v I
W eI- Z4 L - 1"Wn W1 f 1u u 0 z-1z-
20-1 wU C. Zr- x I.- 4j "- I .* Iza .
-4L I.0 "0. 1- 14 La 41 N, = x2vr 1-0 . -r
Xz C, 0f c X02 0 In 0 o0 0- a. In Z t f P ,f
C- t4 ILu 0Y AlH~~~. 4 n N -4
C30 0U UQ- 0 La
'.445 TV m- 0.4 V4 5.
MY*,4.
29
Z I-
404
'Km III4 "
ILI 4 42ce 0 14 IL z
IX -A .1- 0! iU) z -a
01 4 40, I. c= n c
Z W In4
21, Wo 141 w j cif) 0 ~ a U). w
It M 0 Il Zw KII0 0-1 to0 0ý 0- 49 UO
z l'- U) 4 4 -1 z x.z03 .2 U.0 i .1641
0 .; (z 0.- 0 0 40 IU. 0a I.04 .4 + 9 a 0 0) w xU qt 0
w 9 cc4 9ic l c0 o c o 4 4K 0 ) U) 11 4 -U) W* v ",.a. V . u) 2I
w U)ý cc T U.(zw#4 ) 4. 0 w 3 X WO 14 z 22 .4 I
x ILI We CC e- 0L 6.9 0s_ t 1 z0 1. 0 z D 91- 40
* - > 2 ;z1.) - 0 M) aZ M 0.*x j 4 fI
-. z 6. .-W 5- tn 4.4 Z4to cc to I 4 W . N A 4.
0 w1 vZ - I .- (A t e z&6-0x .4 n x 0. 4x *0 Z M I-2
91 .M w. cm T M $.4-Z0N w 1 .0 - -I- -4- 'A 41 4-- 0 440iv(A 0 40 7 ZC~ Z a44 XO1 0 0 1-4 0 W n
44o~ ;; N) z - f r .4044 LO 0 U. Itn (A $s1 44 OW 0'4 2IZ.:4). 4 L it-Jz I.-~ -In ZZ
(A al- V') 044 N4 7Oc c 2 . 0' -1 m UeTZI o VLS C0'4 4 M4141 # -n 11V 9L 4 r- D0 '9.9 #,Z IZ.-..&- 1' 22 a"a.0 44)r40. t m 6 c .- t z...4 0i 0 x 0- In '-' l'0 -24 -49 1- z Ztu"
m 01- .44N*IfT4 494 w 2 0' 4 - zX c 44 4 22 *j P1U Z4 . 0 @421
94 0 000 949440 c- -T L4 4Y 0 0' a * 2 n 4 0 *0)U -j vl c c o
0. *moc o o Z.42 21' . . .Z.n 0 0' W 4t- Z 4 k 14 , 44 Z ZO
U) 0 Z~C 0 0 0414 Q00 0 .2 QW% 41 0 4
0 . 2O C 030 0 U% V% 4 44 UA X* 22dtS 4Z-414 2 22~ 94* *fl I.. 4-XZX U 2.-' .4 - 2 40 U)
I'. .8 0~~C flCW4 4 404 (. I) 4- % * 4OW~~99-
$.-~
2 0 0.
=1 W 0' 31cEA W Il
40 & ' 0y H c04 W U tUC
Ento~ t1 0 00 44
Z 0 49 Va) H m
*a 5Z le w H
NX IX w U)t.
: ; 0' C;,A~ 6-4'w2. I. v 9 0.4 Xa V) 0 aa
*U. .4HII .4 Z r (h11 NN
.0ý 0 ' 1-~ U) t; 1- HW 0-4ul 0 N
ONX 0' *0oo Z P 4 Z0 Maa L 1 ,4'.
t 0-I 0 1- x a .4 U.j - 0- L'AV 0: H 1144JI0 I&. vV . H X. U) ofS -- e' w. to I- - %t Zo rc 2 0C lw
I.-. 0i V.L 4 P= P L 0'U M 4 42 .4zrO00 OfC 1 00 0 v)U.. if4 tL0 aI OfH H -tIAA. %41 t % Z.. Z S* U u- 'A~H HIN wZZ H 1.-ta¶ A' N% ý)N Z. it. of H U. 11 1it o114 1.- v
Z4 x 0 1: 0 ci C H . ce If N - 4 .40 ca H - - - V A Ii4 A* 4 .4ik -1 Erx Pl o0Z~ 14 4 cm1 ; Z 2o x0
-j " 41II tf4 1 4 -1 l 2- %,l c70 n0 cD Hý fn V> to "a = A. AL Ma w OZ W=!:- ; k I 0 *. V V u(o ti Z * _. woa -2 r _C 1 0rr 4161 -L AzJ. -h H W 0 4 0 : .4 ;' * W- 'a ; XZ-H 4 14 1-4 OL U 'k U 4 44 ZI'D Pi it C3 It).0 .46 to I& 1.4 .J 4HZ 2 . 11k¶ .'zI- 0 14 00 Cb-004; j- "V _ V 1'NI 11 ". it 4:j % J tJ0N*,~o . VH' 0 o'~ O 4.L'ZfA Is1
O~i . *4i4 t4..4 * La. 0, 14 O ik 4 W UJ~~.a~.lI 400 1 -.0 4 -t V4PItwz1. zU4Cr~ z 0' C ' (A H r 000 aL 4T. w. 0: 0% z? C La. Z'CH La^ 1, C: u 'V 0: C ý I. 'r Z C r' Z r Z T C' Za a a 0'
0 fr IA I. CeO y 0 f) C- IA " Nt C,'L4)o-c . a c 0' w)4 .4 w u % 000c cx 7> Tr rca 70w0
UCL Q A W Co. 0ý IA a IA L. x W O IU ML.XfLLC &11 kwZL . 6Zu( LI a w (
cc IV C NNN N oN
100
w I-a~ ]a
,4 ~ , &Z 4% M
LM~~ 0- . a
%aa OIL0
z 0 C
1- 44
z~ ~ Net 0C
ilull 0- 0 o
a so.81 *.4
1--I SI0 01O.A CAH I. 0
XH4 X-4 V W
4..V..4 it I)I%
6- z~ 0 C3 In
4 i U
~.!1101
* IA
NU
C;CDC 4M ;C MlC ,W ,wwwwmw w w o m m w w w w m m o m 1.7 -Dc 2C =0 , ' ,.
C,4 2 = 1 3 r 5 N r = , C 3 C I ) I C V 4 C .9 3 C D C D 4 1 " l C" .C - 41 1Z : 0 m o -*t 7c-- Z C i 1 1 .
S2j= j~211 l 3L1 Z n- . Dc . m N zC) C DI . - 3& De 2t
*4c 2w Mr *4 D1 3 ,N DI -C l . : 3- .l1 3tz2C 7I , ,c , Cca CD=C141)MM0C mS3. 3C 2C 3C 2C C DC 2c 3I '
,3IZL.,
C3 L2tI% 3 VP CýCD % - .2 j t% CCp m ý- 9
-3 ,-a C ,C 9- t- C2 'Z~a o.a C3a-2 *MC 211 ZN½ ~ ~ =ýNC ý C- CC0 cC D4 C= C2C~~. m~CCf~ fn "CC CC N*~ 9 9
M, f CCcCCsO ..'a~3 z . (:.. .2=0. r a~O C, r jC, * 3 ) , .. P C3 OC3 ,L2T 0 .114C S m @ U0 0 '~~~~~ 0 0 0 I~~~~~~~~ C 0t w on~0P 0 0 ~ 0 0 4 4 0 0 ~ ~ a 1 ' ~ ~ 9vs C2 =cc*cf 0 0c cf=C zC c~a coa w aL S.4-' t rIC. u c- = -31 92c 4 a4 z : 34 .
C, o ltm V1 CZ M-C3 C. WCao *P 1 L % oC) l .3 #-ý r 1eL 2P D C-L) C IQ M20 s %In
Cc -c *a004.0 .40IPc, J04fl~tr -04 t x4
.j q 42 r. . . 9
:D 0 .C 9.*
V4 CI U% .3 9N
%. pnJV in' It'It I
P1 ~ 44 4 4 1.024
.4
w,
v4
to
00
* VN
N%
14
it0. 1
w 1 4
z p V iw .- " -j :z 1. -
w
1. If (0.- e aI
W0Ph.
~ 9.4
0.103
,41
INN!
114 .a:.c
to0*
.. 4
4Z0
lo 40 N
U. &
4f 00Z uA 4 0
4.1 - l4 w " 11. U 3tz ;; 4j a 0 2- 0 4. a c
T x4 f2 0.310,4Ia. IL z n mx-- . 9 0
-' I~e N %I.-0 0.4 07. wIL1. w 1 1
N ( I - Z = -. lo. I& IN Z -4a f- 2w.4- *z.4P) r .46o .4NL. tzt.- aN 2e It * .,C1 C4
1- w x ItOOl on 15 " ;
&L :0f 4 2 0 LL t .Z U. 0l to -z :. 6, I4 1.- ZZZ IX- 3
In~C InJ4 z :; 1 2 '--*..0 ZN94 0 X4- n 0 nn Z at~
M94 9 - 40 z r 0.4 0I. f40 Uo . . wu oc "I oi'Ii z T2 $N.J w ~ T ~ 0 Z4.--au zz c,494a z4T
ZVI0.449 2**a 4 J . ~ - 9.z .0-- 9 . 9
* llltwOl-C 9 * ~a ~ If4 W.J.JJ2 4
& -~ ~ 0 2 I...-.a.Ij. . 104 is~l I
M171
T4.
v4
to
z' czz CInc fx
U. C 11a 1-m O=el ace
Z 9.
ay 2 0 ,c 31
NjA 12- 4 x9 mI
4 W4z zU
z ta 0 2- e t
X<Z400I'J. 0 a 21 - 0wC -
I- U. :1. 0 U. - W.. r0W
a m cl4 aZ X x'Z w a Lr-- w ~ - W "4 .J M* N a W N ~ 1. -1 -o l'-Z 2 - -
S. L022Zf.4U 0 44 M a CX3C x x a 0
0 .1 no- r~9 9 W 00 Z Db. Z ~ .. f ZM Coca=
n 1>0 OW0.- z zm . 00 w raO U, * a-0-.%.4Ca 14 " CrIV -:d - r I a . 4 7 *t C2 *) w%. *Z *.4 1' 1& C -4, c 0.J .1 1.- z x<c".wTZ4C f 1.O- Z* Ml W 4w7-t' Z-4T 117r aann 4oo2
C2 x2: Z 0 J a.-J.tt .=1 ,C . xU -),J 0 5-44tý; .4- t = -% -)0 0te c c11a -. J.J-4 7 1XM--
4 1. ?.tUI-.- #I Z *-) t t'.4Nt 1 j",
co 0.1 mUce m - Z; .J -x w - m r -i -i j f f t t . Il , c I (. -t- l- ,-gy a.w I rIf ( a In w t 1 -
CC Z a' - drra0 1-z - Z t . xl- -ý 411.- - U1t 7 zx .. i f 4 yIU) ~ ~ U t 0 z AU :V)0xx J )V 0 InwU ir14C 4zU A wt .U xI e0 ea
go0
44 in't 11 %-
(A (A
-< 0 0a
a to(A7It t
w- j 9z
z; CDzI- a(n a K4+U W
W. IOl 41- c zil
.4 Va 92 9 0c ) . 1- 4It 11 11 0 Z.
U; W HE g; 0 rC) it z-9 Cix -5 x j"*D 12 -x t D- 0 11o .i nC a jc
74 Z- 7 or a- v, to I zIl 'zl ck = 143-" zw c et4 -j oa -J' U .- Ir- yz $.
60- cc oa E..I 4= Z 0c If c .
U)l 1.4 TI.. 0 ZL U. C)( 0 11 In i W ct
tn ~ ~ 4 W U% CJ ~ 1 U%xm .. 4~4 alge U- IA 42do
.2 0 *..4 11-111 ~ K 1-1061
to
0.4
ca
N
All
a*:
0L
4. 1*0 16 c
00 IA
14 W 40 : .0. u 6.4 0;
m C I- ILX II. kA to ;-.
'4 Id 0j 1;U, a. 0 '%D - CU Ol- V)04 "M W-
1-4 4- W O V1- . (ACo CD) O- jc - a. U0
14 q 14 -
'1 ;,-on S.. % wa
Ia '4f m-w T V w 1 1406
Of C-'4 n1 *
0-4W~-4 4Q. r 0 0 0 1 I
* w- I.'4z 4Ii.
0. * I'4-W 4 14 ft
o cr '4 *ZiJW ~107'
*-10
.4
.44
0+
CI i
1'4- 40% 49
H .4 t o4 %x t
4u 4 4
;,C .4 1 W%* 4 4 W %D
* . LIN It - u 0t- .0 -40t- tno -* do U 0(
-~ 9W 0 C2Son N4 01-.4 )3S -4 .Irp4. to. n -O
0' x N .4-~ - 0lu 41-c
it j- tl - = of9.
* - *a, -* Aa % i;I--4 ..4W01--6 1.4 :CD 41;6 "
(fl..~0 %U 0.
LL4 tO4 4I 0. 0 - ru - -o 4 1=. m Z 0. S--qW- A-
911.5 " *% "(- 00. w+t- 14 M< UuJz&D IO t%
xZ II m.4 >0-0 ma x . c1w --- a- =7toI of -j Q0 hit WhiuO -
Ln C 0 .. ~ 40 I 11 .uQ I
W. .'0' I .,-4 .4~t- .4 w4M 9
3 *P)9 ~ . 4 0894 er'HW.1. ~ Z R M. -ý
-I! TIw
e4
* '3a.
v4
ca.1%4 IL
0 *% H4 aD Ina 4 c
toi IL a $. JI,.4 (A 0 f
4~ 9 6 S4~
4-~C CA j l'04H J - f - InIa. 1 a 04 j .. to 42 4 J
0' x W 2 0 -1 So * w *a% N' At Q "0 ILI .4 - 5e aH IA .
4 4 in . "I IL CAi w IL CL > 0 (1
'r *%.Ix- No I.- ma 0. j cm * -*
12- a .; .a 110 *y w .- o I. beII 10 1.-
4~~o. .va..I-o C: %t w ~ 0 - .iaC2 . *t=0 . WC3 POW401u) .4 x 140 ic x - M~ -
W) InC If co If : 0 j a ! 9 H0 4- 0 H1 1 43 -a 443 14 a4 m0'IA .4W . 'Ij4 I~ - 4 a 14 4 ZX.4 4 m
xjj 4 "0m *Ia.J I'~~).-If -j w q4H t 9 0.4 z .4 .40. , 1 .4 If%4.4I4 40Z 4 OZ a- &4 9H4a j t .04-j w I~ 90',*L%OO 4,2 Z *4 qS N -o
9a 2. * 0 soOC3 .0 0. 0 If% -- W1.E - a-la v -1')0 .904 *D *v0 C, (3~ .4 MN a- 0N *% -a-lwZI.
I-). IZH C;4 C. a261 o-4- - z-. 4 Z a- to
90. 4 t- -.24a . N. H 1" r- Nc0. K au 42a'YO..- w H I. 0.x
X ?M0 4o W%%99 % 9-%%f4 C1 W M~ 9d (A~ a 11,~4~ N w
zit IOC -C4 4 1`2 z 01)CD 0 41 '499 a-Z. .. 4-4-4. a. 44-
0 0411liii I Ii lii li. xI ja~a I.-W xN4 a j 9 , 4 a-.Z -0
If I HH H H HH Z O z - a) CL 0 -- .4 M 0 19, CI - mIt 4)1,44 4a a aa a J- .4t' 1.- 1.~ .I- 491- .U 4 on - 0 L.-
-X ItHHH ot 1 H1 11 H1 1 lol a- 1 LIM I .- N ~ -4 I. z I, < 04 L- w = I" a-r a In 0 z 0, a- a IIaL9 -- 0- O - - - z49-.I. .4 07 *e=1~ X a-N E' -44N.' -6- OxI
c- 0. 0-0w0 10 6- 4"01 ~ ~ ~ I I~4LI iO' 0 (39 r ~ 11 % .JI-40- 4 -1 Wr .1Oa4 4
W4 4 I m N )4 UN 4 N0 =to Ia-. ILI aMIr w1.- , t1 W041 _ - D0 r X I ZI-- OX.4 J Z 4- I A6- 164 6 -a -a-4 a- a- 4 a -a I-a- -H w LL N. i r- cu z, %. :: 3. a- I -, a. .- a -a C 0 .0 . aH44444444d44 f4 -ZC'71.4 tNH-p' 0 C.94H C * 14N H a
3. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u z M n 0 0 0 0 00 a4 44--N 4 a4 a4m)4 4 4-t) Z 1 0'
w & 4 00 0 -a v. IV0n- nýtj. 00 0 .20 .2 00 1020. -fI
C 49z
*4 U% CI U% C, IN 0 IA I.4 .4 ey N t
109
A- II
x $
z 49 II.- W
.4 C
w w
L, .4. 4.
( 1 4 M t 40 V tUt 0 DII' A93C f. U !x C
c ; i% m w w w U. ; X ;*44
C; u
4 N04 114n 11.4L 4,4 W -. 4 4o
CO V) W) 4 X MAMI)C a>K
IL -.1 1000 414 to N V - D Q 0 4-
o9U(3i.1&4 )C , -. U fW "-
(3 8'3 C,
49 14 to .400 41 a N)244 LU.1 u
w 3 ( 30 .z U -Ilz.
0 ~ 444L
Its C% A. 0m.%9.(3W * IA
W a a000 CJ~a I* N * 99 aC .4.4 .410
Tit-~- -;W-
C2
v4y
CCý140C ý l 4c stý oý o o4 49 , 4 1 4 Na0i c 2 C . 3C 2C 7C jC 2C 3C) . 2 C 3 o_ l C 3t )C
0 w w w 'w .wIlwww. wI W . W . l l W 1 , W ,wd ,W
N 3AZý .40* 4 -r '40)44. N O %N04e Y.4 0 4 11%0 a C2W L 0 .40. N .40 l c 9
0 ** 2 C3 PI-C3 C3 .2 2 C C2C3 3 c .* C*N OC c CDC)C3 4: C C .. 2P 4D4 ca CA ~ N~o' C3 C 2C2CA74~ U.1 IPO'Mtt 0PPUw4 Wt .*NN CN0C W4P. U4.4M. w
N O' 2 mt0(. m to N C2 m'. J P. 4 N.tooN N 0U CU% 44. m P-N1 C3, " m 14P0 0
P) .4 CYOM .2 .7 i N .4 O V4 t 0f4i 2P 1*4 . xa NN a M.47U .C3 L W4 0.4. o fn
ca N S ý 4D a P ID In W 4 C.S " N NS S 4 A
U% in 040" mc U 00 C m0 cum c0 0%0w0 aoa 01 0 a C t U
C2 0 1 4* W IIt %PP-4Nf 3 Na ý.41 P Q 1*A 1N ' C3 1 . 14MNI
-44~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .W)42~~ .I. *N N .%. .2%4O .41.0 .# 4 4O . .'.455 00 -3 .*4 "1* OS; *14 .4 4 V4 00004 : .4.0 . 0 C . . .C3 C7 0oN03
4 15 L2 -_ 4l 02 C3 cm cm LI a1 5a CA S CD aý C2 S. C3 S1 a~ Si SmC .m- a I C2C ZC 2C ait4 J- 0 + 141+ I - I + S1 - &I + +I+++
N NW .1 N C340 c(l!) cm = 0Crt lý jý Oa 1I U C M o1
o!a 0W l 00 , D00 VPn0t.40 4N - N0 QC0~ ~ ~ 0.0..fn.....4 T *U0nC2 00C 00 A tm1.4t 2 U r 1 .M4.2 \ A 1a -3 N F "',, N 0 W40 -. d4 -4 'c , ll4r -4 .4.t4C01 to0 ~ jU 0 N . 0%
41 *r,a 000 m ' I-L. 0 4 ý 0 010 -3 Ii- a. ". c cc 71 W a N 4 go ao\ 'D 00 C.
I-. il1 ' 6.- 0: 'Dt . . tt~m 6 P211. -.. e N .- 4 '0 .,u00 .t 1.P
* Vý I~i0.N IG.4N.0 * * I.~~C *~Ol' *4NP .'No
V) a4 04 t 5 1 4~ 1 1 1s t as 1 Izs 4a * c 4 4CIIq
161 403 % 4 1 U Zo~~e to *709 9 1. 0 0 0 0 . 0 9 0 00 0 * Q 9 0 0 0 %
3.4
.4
00
C2C3
Q% 4
a 04
CLI
-Z .44.4 K 3-11 w UU- (AS w
-xz ** IL AC
xS- 0 0.(
.4 X ItW ILL -a o 3P.tN 4DU
SI 01. z0L C 40
ao "% 100 0,I 4 .4mom 0 -1 U%0 Ip 0 9
Z- fl) 10 1.1 ~ ~ .J 4 N-r S' ca 1h0.
J- W 0 m0 I.- go2.4I1%
*s Z ti 2 5
0 .. 1l 0 W W Z M~ 0ce -4 4 .(.. 004
94 C( ,(4W
11
CL
!0~
C',
.4.
N cc 9%. 1LL C; C; m .4.4 4 O 12 4 4N .
ly 0 OWCV # UL, In C*0 101 I I .Dcs I.
oi .IA Q!Uý NO N NO- 4
W 11w -0 0 f . O N 0I)-
C3zo 0. 3 U I ~ . *00K 6.4 xI~i M 9 W9 M
z 4% = 9 6 4 .4e aJ0I &I0 I
CD l 9 oDA04 .4 q40A .4 CM 4N1 3 .D I N
a.4 ~ U .4 O.* 9 9* 9
fu (~ N t- N --4 4.4 m
J .-4Z W o C~ M 4 N. N3O4.4 02C
4-e4
ZNt: 999 9. 99nOD U qMD***
%. 2j x *NWF %. .4 . * 0 .4
M 6 -ZW4.40 C0c 4o4 *C3 04~ C3
3c I V-. *. 4, * it *
IS 4 b 0' 4 1 -'1 =W 0.4 40 3
C.44 Ut0'fN a00 %4 -cQ
1. L ~bJ I . .0O ~113
q4
ILI
INN
10-t
(A
49 4
-cy I-Cb- W1 . mol- I
of .- w
4 nC 0 W3 I.
w -z 41 .xn Wj t- 0. 31 ow z
*lfw N 0 Z -0(# IL 0 L I- -nt > .
b- L54-a I. Of.- 0- Ix0 ( x 2
Z~.j~ 21, Mjc x2I ýofi AII.~U 40 41 4.. C3 Q #InZL Z- - - - - - - , z N V
1.0- 6.4 7 m- Z- x -,ag xz 49 U~ 00- %r I. meg- u .4 Oco W. 0.Z .4 co U. ' - 4 W4 )3 ,4
w# %C. 0 0 0 w - -.4 W* ~ W I.J. % Of 1-42 -A j~ '.o r9L 0. 0 w'-u =-' Q z)I~ 2 &4C (r4.
En 4% mA I.- CA0 w M - 0W-W.- I.- .J It4 L
4. Z0 0. c.< w " I- U. 74 ao LL M -* L4rL9*41 Z: 42ww Ir 2. U 4b o -Z it .L1t .4Zr.Z.. -ZzZ a I.- wM' 12 U.4 m 40. -904%
1xr i ) I )Lw- I. ZA ON w UL; . 5 1 -
0-.J4. r044 -4 f-414.
04~ ~ --N U 1 - -4 4- - -~-gp 4I.--- 11 Lo-O c0M.n$.
Ozz 6- 0Z 40t 004 4- W0( o-( W ".I I. ICy bWWW" - -rC rI W CCC4 j 4- VIP- 0-4 N ww 4 xw 1.20 1.- z ~ r z'44 ZU.W I 10.. it * 1 4 ElI- z 1tO It. zz11-411 X J tUZ..J~I~fA~o.1.- 4-C. ZZL~ n0 C.0 C.0 W... 04* . a .. )0. U -.1 44 c4444 x- -j 1.1 LL 6.~ 44-4 00. *0 .'41 -U b4Q I.A C *L J 0 ell
% 2 Z Z Z . J 0 - ~ Ii 111 111 111 4 0 14 I '.. 0--.- 4 .. J u *~' * N - '~ ~ ) 1f~ 4
X ~ '(' 0NM ' 4 0 0 C 4 -. .. . ~ . .. C. .J 2 0 . .J a..-4C .- - . 4 N .
1- -. d 4 4 . 0 . C .l . N4eU U U 0~a . -orU 4 ) f 4 - - - 1 1 1 0 i l ~ 2 F 0~. ~ ~ I Z . C 0 -
0.114
wil
14N .
-4 00C SI
ca * 3.
Q 1- - 4 .9 Zl.4 cu 14 w dc(0 or
tn* tue U% CM'40*%j 0M04Z 0 0a - j Ino .jj l:o3t:W C3C2W Q. ILU -4 W. - I- taSt - It 0 A 14 b-1 4a 1. .M4 00 N144 w U, w o 0U
NW * ..J a8 -j SZ jC 30 0 2 l LL. 00 .6- 2 aCb-6 3_
N14 OI In Z a 0 9 4 meJWano0 a w . 2 4c u C3 0 W 3 2C
z0.- CAN. 6-- .j 3* w OS2 X=` 110 :1W; 9 4; a. 116ID4C L *0 .4 0 Sf81O C; 10 it n 3. D .
: ;g ) 3 O 6- $-,1L- zI ce IL ac4 4II kaýISIO Na 00 0 9 zi j400C0 1
.4- - t d c a.6 I-- I- (AV. 0.- Ni4 J W) N - .4W .SI tI W 0g i 4 aL4.4 "Z Yr aMZx a 3. a 4 & & 9 '
4414 C-.- to-a 1- 3-- 4 - .M~~fL a. ~ i I.. .. 41 N a. It if
If U IA.(IL (1 If.I L bea s x Zl Z- 0 .M 2 "T LA C 4 C -1 0 T ZIA C-M-9 WiS7 0 IL0. of 0 *(4 a 0 4 0. in/SC Q. XC ty X.tfl 0 0 *0 Q Q 4 C3 0
.Z0 0. .Z.J 4 26 out)*e A 1.4 N~s *4b - 0..
CD~l *SS-lA 10 laS 43 *S- C * t A r0~j~ IS CI ~* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .654..oi *I.I4ON N U Q N M X % ~ 9 ~ J- - * - - w SS Z
. .. * lI . *.5 .~ ~C0L Win . OO~a~115V
N C;
C.3
Si%
CI U%
wt-J 9 0 -4 0, CU
0 1.. 0;0. 4U 1 ný 3 C 5r sN n 2-o z o -- C SU %N 45= 7 ' t '
a 33. 0 44 3 4wz- 0 a.' 9 Is 9 9
-- q 0 0(2, v2 S - I, 1
It C ; C;IDc N U %9 CI9,U
-6-4 4. 0W ý4Zv Y1-4 , !;! rU ,
I. of w 0; 4Z;~ *r0 Y 9 r c2n 0 1 U) 0J ob II w 9 w
x WxG' x N. _ .4 - 0-40s ) 04 P.; . 4e11
W I. OI.-t -MU -~. t .t0 W6V - *4-Z 46-4. -.5 U .S~ e
texa-1-o-c I IP of.61 If.. 11 n f. . c411C -It itN j 6-I -A Is. 0,- .1-i
0 -. 0 0(56%. . .1-xaOf -x * 1-^ 0 (5t- j- (5 - z .,u z cc - t. 00 4ZIi
0 wTýa,4 1 4 0 '2 0 U0Q 0 9 64 -1- 96.l j 1- W Lt W I.A Q 9U0.9U6-4 0G
0AS U .( O a% . .4 e2z M ~.- U(5 ca 9 C6% aS C - 0 u.3.N
66..4 6-(560WT 14116
.4
Ci44
40
a oc
C3 1 O14-14
'4qC na40 00
w . I* ml %
-. ! 7w 3 f-rIMa0
a& W. .
I.- U.1a 4:31 C: 909 1: C;.M 00(00
4OZ
m ~ 0 J4
V) Zf 6- M -...JIA mz x M "* z0 f-4 20000 x
.4 r r7 z w 40 - rj ji-Fn c. 111"- C .* Z , - I--...0. O49 V4 U Z * 4J * *
0 (A z I-~ L, a TILI w -804j0jJ .. J .0 inr . . . W
Cii f ( .1- $m.JW- 5
0 onJ' .J gn
InIv4 UN . S lif to
W4 e
117
w
10
'4-
aj
0o
('4sU.N
aow
*ta
OINVILA4 t
v v of ccc ac w W 4
(4 c -11A.w -
01 (.1 ")0r ,0 4 L
z 00a 0 C
I-. *' 4 2 a 0 c ;w9 0 a. 6 o4= (
W0 W j W
4e IV- NM C 0 co x t
w 0C *-- c 4 V -V52 1. U. 11-W .n l . c 4: :&Cw~( 4 o~ =P IL t. t*f" 9 7 4u)mI 4-a.ZZ 0 _~j S. 0 nat; C tC0- t- C
cc w I.- ) IS I*l4 vt= j r :f
o* zz < 0 1- a%~ - U tzrww z ~0
0 a MI- 1- r a '4 a '4 -1 c -
0 a0 0 -4 0 0 f- 0 m
II~~~~V 44 *.' WIeyU '4 in in (14
.4 Z~ CD WHI '*4(.)'44WU)'4~~l on.99 %aJ 4 Z4 U
4W00 C 9 9 Z.P~N ~ 9 N 118N
94
a.a
CIDCY~ I
.4J
caCeNcl
41- Qa . PI-oC 4" c t 4C 4
=. #- , 1 N44 -
0-
0 .*1--1- a.
C3 .40.44
*V fuN
0 .1 .J 119
N S * P. A
a..
99
NU.
Ye j
w
w wz
m~ toC3 w
0- 0 -4
LL0 4
I.A. C3WmiCL - 0% CL tA
a. Z _j
HJ AJ 0
-. w 0 ww 4.4 .A 0: -
.4 C1 Z4w o i wI j 0U.
C C 4 _jý SI-0- z 0." - (ý-W a u1 7s- I.- < T- W
M* x ,- Z t a - 'Yck o"IOIX T H ýO c. o0. a I, IL. 0 Z' q, 11,1- *0 0 U CL GO U 0U-C U) * J CL1k LL
IA.o4 zý 0-,u ''~ -
C h C U C 0 7 ~ . 4 ~ * * ~ ~ D (\J 1 2 0 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _
DISTRIBUTION
COMMANDER IN C9IEF OFFICER IN CHARGE COMMANDERU.S ATLANTIC FLEET NAVOCEANCOMDET ATTN: N. MACMEEKINNORFOLK, VA 23511 U.S NAVAL STATION NAVAIRDEVCEN (3011)
FPO MIAMI 34051 WARMINSTER, PA 18974COMMANDER IN CHIEFU.S PACIFIC FLEET OFFICER IN CHARGE COMMANDERPEARL HARBOR, HI 96860 NAVOCEANCOMOET NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER
U.S. NAVAL AIR FACILITY ATTN: CODE 4473COMMANDER FPO NEW YORK 09523 SAN DIEGO, CA 92152SEVENTH FLEET (N3OW)ATTN: FLEET METEOROLOGIST OFFICER IN CHARGE COMMANDERFPO SAN FRANCISCO 96601 NAVOCEANCOMOET NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER
MONTEREY, CA 93940 EARTH & PLANETARY SCIENCESCOMMANDER CODE 3918SIXTH FLEET COMMANDING OFFICER CHINA LAKE, CA 93555FPO NEW YORK 09501 NAVAL RESEARCH LAB
ATTN: LIBRARY, CODE 2620 COMMANDEROFFICER IN CHARGE WASHINGTON, DC 20390 NAVAL SHIP RESEARC9 & BEV. CENTER"OPTEVFOR DET SUNNYVALE CODE 5220NAVAL AIR STATION COMMANDING OFFICER BETHESDA, MD 20084MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH
EASTERN/CENTRAL REGIONAL OFFICE COMMANDERCOMMANDER BLDG 114 SECT. 0 ATTN: DR. B. KATZSURFWARDEVGRU 666 SUMMER ST. WHITE OAKS LABORATORYNAVAL AMPHIBIOUS BASE, BOSTON, HA 02210 NAVAL SURFACE WEAPONS CENTER
LITTLE CREEK SILVER SPRING, NO 20910NORFOLK, VA 23521 COMMANDING OFFICER
NORDA, CODE 101 NAVAL SPACE SYSTEMS ACTIVITYCOMMANDING OFFICER NSTL STATION CODE 60USS NIMITZ (CVN-68) BAY ST. LOUIS, MS 39529 P.O. BOX 92960ATTN: METEOROLOGICAL OFFICER WORLOWAY POSTAL CENTERFPO NEW YORK 09542 COMMANDER LOS ANGELES, CA 90009
NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHY COMMANDCOMMANDING OFFICER NSTL STATION COMMANDERUSS ENTERPRISE (CVN-65) BAY ST LOUIS, MS 39529 PACIFIC MISSILE TEST CE41TERATTN: METEOROLOGICAL OFFICER ATTN: GEOPHYSICS OFFICERFPO SAN FRANCISCO 96636 COMMANDING OFFICER CODE 3250
FLENUMOCEANCEN PT. MUGU, CA 93042COMMANDING OFFICER MONTEREY, CA 93940USS KITTY HAWK (CV-63) DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGYATTN: METEOROLOGICAL OFFICER COMMANDING OFFICER NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOLFPO SAN FRANCISCO 96634 NAVWESTOCEANCEN MONTEREY, CA 93940
BOX 113SACLANT PEARL HARBOR, HI 96860 WEATHER SERVICE OFFICERASW RESEARCH CENTFP MARINE CORPS AIR FACIL!TYAPO NEW YORK 09019 COMMANDING OFFICER QUANTICO, VA 22134
NAVEASTOCEACCENOCHIEF OF NAVAL RESEARCH MCADIE BLDG. (U-117) COMMANDER
LIBRARY SERVICES (CODE 734) NAVAL AIR STATION AWS/DNRM 633, BALLSTON TOWER 41 NORFOLK, VA 23511 SCOTT AF6, IL 62225800 QUINCY STREETARLINGTON, VA 22217 COMMANDING OFFICER USAFETAC/TS
U.S. NAVOCEANCOMCEN SCOTT AFB, IL 52225CHIEF OF NAVAL MATERIAL BOX 31(MAT-034) FPO NEW YORK 09540 3350TH TECHNICALNAVY DEPARTMENT TRAINING GROUPWASHINGTON. DC 22332 COMMANDING OFFICER CTGU-W/STOP 6213
OCEANCOMFAC HANUTE AFB, IL 61868NAVAL DEPUTY TO THE P.O. BOX 85
ADMINISTRATOR, NOAA NAVAL AIR STATION AFGWC/DAPLROOM 200, PAGE BLDG. i! JACKSONVILLE, FL 32212 OFFUTT ArS, HE 581133300 WHITEHAVEN ST. NwWASHINGTON, D: 20235 COMMANDER 3 WW/DN
NAVAIRSYSCOM OFFUTT AF8, 'E 68112OFFICER IN CHARGE ATTN: L:BRARY (!iR-QOD4'NAVOCEANCOMDET WASHINGTON, DC 20361 AFGL/LYFEDERAL BLDG HANSCOM AF3, MA 31731ASHEVILLE, NC 28801 COMMANDERNAVAIRSIS:OM 5WW/DN
OFFICER IN CHARGE CODE AIR-370 LANGLEY AFB, VA 23665U.S NAVOCEANCONDET WASHINGTON, CC 2.361BOX 63 AFGL/OPIU.S. NAVAL AIR STATION COMMANDER HANSCOM AFB, MA 01731FPO SAN FRANCISCO 96654 NAVAIRSYS c0v
AIR-553, METEOROLOGICAL OFFICER IN CHARGEOFFICER IN CHARGE SYSTEMS DIV. SERVICE C4^"L CO5M!Ah3, GREAT LAKESNAVOCEANCOMDET WASHINGTON, DC 20360 DET, C0ANUTEESOP 62NAVAL AIR STATION CHANUTE AFS, IL 51868WHITING FIELD COMMANDEqMILTON, FL 32570 NAVFACE!; CO"., 0E•ERCm DIV. 1ST WEAT4ER WIN;G (D...,
ATTN:, CODE 032 HICKAM AYB, :11 96S53OFFICER IN CHARGE 200 STOVALL ST.U.S NAVOCEANZOMDET ALEXANDR.IA. VA 22332 BET 8, 30 wSNAPLES, BOX 23 APO SAN FRANCISCO 9623SFPO NEW YORK 09520
121
HQ AFSC/WERANDREWS AFB, MD 20331
HQ SAC/O0WAOFFUTT AFB, NE 68113
COMMANDER & DIRECTORATTN: OELAS-ON-AU.S. ARMY ATNOS. SCIENCE LABWHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGEWHITE SANDS. NM 88002
DIRECTORDEFENSE TECHNICAL INFO CENTERCAMERON STATIONALEXANDRIA, VA 22314
DIRECTOROFFICE OF ENV. & LIFE SCIENCESOFFICE OF UNDERSECRETARY OFDEFENSE FOR RSCH & ENG (E&LS)ROONM3D129. THE PENTAGONWASHINGTON, DC 20301
DIRECTORTECHNICAL INFORMATIONDEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH
PROJECTS AGENCY1400 WILSON BLVDARLINGTON, VA 22209
DR. R. W. JAMESOPNAV 95201U.S. NAVAL OBSERVATORY34TH & MASSACHUSETTS AVE. NWWASHINGTON. DC 20390
CHIEFMAAINE SCIENCE SECTIONU.S. COAST GUARD ACADEMYNEW LONDON, CT 06320
COMMANDING OFFICERU.S. COAST GUARD OCEANO UNITSLOG 159-EWASHINGTON NAVY YARDWASHINGTON, DC 20390
12
122 Ii
