French coursebook

8/7/2019 French coursebook

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2 FRENCH COURSEBOOK

B. COGNATES: WORDS SIMILAR INENGLISH AND FRENCH

Now listen to and repeat the following words whichare similar in English and French. These words aredescended from the same root and are called "cog-nates." Notice how French spelling and pronunciationdiffer from English:adresseageambitieuxamericainbanquebrefbureaucafechefchequecinemacivilisationconditioncurieuxdemocrauedifferencedifficulte

addressageambitiousAmericanbankbriefbureau desk; officecoffee; cafechiefcheckcinema, moviescivilizationconditioncuriousdemocracydifferencedifficulty

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 3excellentgaragegrandguidehotelimportantjournallettreIignemachinenationnecessaireoperaordinairepapierpossiblepotentielprincipalproblemepublicquestionradiorestaurantserieuxsignalsilencestationsuggestiontelegrammetelephonethetheatretrainvisite

excellentgaragebig, grandguidehotelimportantjournal, newspaperletterlinemachinenationnecessaryoperaordinarypaperpossiblepotentialprincipalproblempublicquestionradiorestaurantserioussignalsilencestationsuggestiontelegramtelephoneteatheatertrainvisit

2. grave accent C ) placed over a, e, u:Helene3. circumflex accent nplaced on a, e, i, 0, u:JeromeThese accents usually indicate the pronunciation ofthe vowel but in a few cases they distinguish words:

ou or 012 wherela the lit there


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4 FRENCH COURSEBOOK

LESSON 2A. SPECIAL FRENCH SOUNDS

1. Final consonants are not pronounced except forc, r.f, and I (the consonants in CaReFuL):NOT PRONOUNCED

momentserieux

Richard RichardJacques Jack

momentserious

PRONOUNCEDpubliccher* chefhotelpublicdear chiefhotel2. e is silent at the end of words of more than one

syllable:telegraphehistoire telegraphhistory adresse address

3. h is never pronounced:Henri Henry hotel hotelH, as seen in the examples above, is never pro-

nounced, but in some cases h is aspirated. As-pirate h is not pronounced, but it prevents both 'linking (see page 33) and elision (see page' 41).Some of the most frequently used words withaspirate hare:

huithorsd'oeuvreeightappetizer heroshonte heroshame

*Note that r is not pronounced after e at the end of words of morethan one syllable -.

j

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 5

chef4. ch is pronounced like the English sh:

machine 'machinechief5. j is pronounced like the s in pleasure, measure:

Jean John journal newspaper6. g is like the g in go before a, 0, and u:

garage garage-is like the s in pleasure (or French j) beforee or i:

generaldanger generaldanger Georges George

7. c is pronounced like k before a, o,and u:cafecurieux

certainpolice

coffee; cafecurious

-like s before e or i:certainpolice

guide8. gu is like the g in go:

guide

question9. qu is pronounced k:

question

condition condition

cinema movies


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6 FRENCH COURSEBOOK10. gn is pronounced like the ni in onion or the ny in

canyon:signe sign signal signal11. s between vowels is like English z:

visite visitcivilisation civilization

12. ss between vowels is like English s in see:possible possible necessaire necessary13. t is like the English t except in the following

combinations where it is like s in see: -tion, -tial,-tiel, -tieux (that is, before 0.-tion is pronounced as see-on:

stationnation

stationnation

condition condition

-tie is like see:democratle democracy

-tial is like see-al:impartial impartial

-tiel is like see-el:potentiel potential

-tieux is like see-uh:ambitieux ambitious

FRENCH COURSEBOOK-stion is like stee-on:

7

questionsuggestion

questionsuggestion

LESSON 3A. VOWEL SOUNDSThe following groups of words will give you someadditional practice in spelling and pronunciation:

1. The sound a in ah or father:madamedate

madam, Mrs.date

tablepage

tablepage

2. The sound ee in see or i in police but cut offsharply (that is, not drawled):

amiiciv.ie

friendherelife

iI hefacile easydifficile difficult

3. The sound 0 as in go but not drawled:hotelchosemot

aussieaubeau

hotelthingword

au to the

alsowaterbeautiful,

pretty

Notice the various French spellings for thissound: 0, au, eau.


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8 FRENCH COURSEBOOK4. The sound e in get but not drawled:

elle she pere fatheriI est he is j'ai Ihavetres very raison reasonscene scene

Notice the various French spellings for thissound: e, e, ai.

5. The sound ay in day but not drawled:cafe coffee, cafetelephone telephonecinema cinema, movies

donner to giveDonnez! Give!

Notice the various spellings for this sound.e, theending -er in words of more than one syllableand the ending -ez .

6. The sound 0 in north but shorter and morerounded:

notehommeforcenotemanforce

ordre orderDonnez! Give!

7. The sound ou as in group but not drawled:ouoilnous

orwherewe

jour daypour fortoujours always

8. The sound u in burn:Iedeje

theofI

celacecipetit

thatthissmall

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 99. The sound spelled u in French. There is no sim-

ilar sound in English. To make it, round the lipsas though to pronounce 0 in go and withoutmoving them sayee (that is, it is an ee soundpronounced with the lips rounded and slightlyprotruded). Listen carefully:

tu you (familiar) minute minutedu of the utile usefulrue street su knownvue view, sight lu readplume pen' \10. The sound spelled eu. The nearest sound inEnglish is the vowel in burn. You can make the

French sound by saying the u in burn with yourlips rounded and slightly protruded. Listen care-fully:

deuxpeupleneufjeune

twopeoplenineyoung

auteurmieuxseeurboeuf

authorbettersisterbeef

Notice that this sound is spelled two ways: euand (EU.11. The sound spelled oi ("wah"):

moi me voila there is,there aretrois three avoir to havetrois fois three times histoire storyvoici here is,

there are

. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~


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10 FRENCH COURSEBOOK12. The sound spelled ui:

luihuit

.to him, hereight

je suis Iamaujourd'hui today

13. au before a vowel sounds like the w in west:ouiouest

yeswest

LouisEdouard

LouisEdward

14. Thenasal vowels. Certain vowels when followedby n (in a few cases m) are pronounced throughthe nose. The n or m is not pronounced, though.Listen to the following examples:

a. Words with an, en, am, em:andans.ampleFrance

yearillampleFrance

enenveloppeaccenttemps

b. Words with in, im, ain, aim, ien, oin:chemin roadsimple simpleimportant importanttrain traincoin corner

c. Words with on, am:bonmongarcon

goodmyboy, waiter

americainfaimbiencombien

savonlongbombe

inenvelopeaccenttime

Americanhungerwellhow much

soaplongbomb

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 11d. Words with un, um:unlundi one,Monday quelqu'unhumble

LESSON 4

somebodyhumble

A. SPECIAL CONSONANT SOUNDS1. The sound y in yes (spelled y, -i-, -ail-, -eil-, -eill,. -ill-, etc.):

.les yeuxvoyagepapiermieuxtravail

the eyesvoyagepaperbetterwork

soleilmeilleurbilletfiUefamille

sunbetterticketdaughterfamily

2. The sound sh (spelled ch in French):chercher-

cherdearto look

forchoseriche

3. The sound of s in pleasure:jolijourdeja

'prettydayalready

a g erougeorigine

thingrich

ageredoriginNotice that this sound is spelled with both j andg (g only before e and i).


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12. FRENCH COURSEBOOK4. The ni in onion or the ny in canyon (spelled gn

in French):IignesigneEspagne

linesignSpain

signalespagnoloignon

signalSpanishonion

5. Notice that the r sounds something like a gargle:rougefrere

" I,,I

But-

But-

redbrother byto speakparparlerNotice that the final r is pronounced in words ofone syllable but not in words of more than onesyllable (there are a few exceptions, which. will.be treated later):

par byparler to speakmer seaaimer to love

6. Notice the pronunciation of -r e at the end of aword:

lettrenombre letternumber livrequatrebookfour

7. Notice the pronunciation -le at the end of a word:tablepeuple

tablepeople simple

simple

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 13B . THE FRENCH ALPHABETLETTER' NAME LETTER NAME LETTER NAMEa a j ji s esseb be k ka t Iec ce I elle u ud de m emme v vee e n enne w doublef effe 0 0 veg ge p pe x iksh ache q ku y i grec

i r erre z zede

LESSON 5A. MORE ENGLISH-FRENCH COGNATES

1. Building up a French vocabulary is fairly.easybecause, as you already see, a great number ofwords are similar in French and English. Manywords are spelled exactly the same, though theymay differ considerably in pronunciation:

art art police policedate date cause causeexact exact. effort effortplace place force forcemessage message . second secondpassage passage excuse excusevillage village source SOUrcecentral central capable capableoriginal original . probable probable;


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14 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 15chance chance possible. possible blonde blond poste postdistance distance terrible terrible capitate capital rap ide rapidintelligence intelligence visible visible charme charin riche richpatience patience double double classe class sorte sortscience science action action forme form soupe soupcertain certain conversa- conversa- groupe group terme termtion tion liste list verbe verbpoint point .description description 4. In some cases there are other slight differences: .direct direct direction directionrespect respect exception exception adresse address probleme problemarticle article instruction instruction immediat immediate materiel materialautomobile automobile intention intention lac lake ouest westfruit fruit satisfac- satisfac- parc park appetit appetitetion tion rasoir razor chapitre chapterjustice justice situation situation' sens sense medecine medicineagreable agreeable signe sign2. There are many words spelled exactly the same confortable comfortable, ligne lineexcept that the French word has an accent: desagreable disagreeable coton cottonremar- remarkable . [aeon fashioneducation education difference difference quable nord northgeneral general experience experience language language oncle unclespecial special .extreme extreme mariage marriage raison reasongrace grace privilege privilege cercle circle saison seasonpreface preface sincere sincere idee- -idea systeme systemelement element region. region riviere river personne personevident evident emotion emotion circon- circum- commun commonpresent present revolution revolution stance stance numero numberpresident president zero zero exemple example sud southrecent recent developpe- develop- peuple people

ment ment diction- diction-3. In many cases the word is similar except that the gouverne- govern- naire aryFrench word ends in -e: ment ment maniere mannercapitaine captain membre memberacte act methode method complet complete nombre numberaffaire affair moderne modem creme cream ordre orderaide aid origine origin enveloppe envelope est east


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16 FRENCH COURSEBOOK. B. GENERAL SPELLING EQUIVALENTS

1. French -e =English -y:beautenecessitequa litequantite

beautynecessity- qualityquantity

realitesocieteuniversite

2. French -ie =English -y:comediecopie comedycopy

realitysocietyuniversity

industrie industryphilosophic philosophy3. French -tie =English -cy:

democratie democracy diplomatie .diplomacy4. French -nce =English -ncy:

tendance tendency5. French -eur =English -or (-er):

acteurconducteurdirecteurdocteurerreurfaveur

actorconductordirectordoctorerrorfavor

inferieurmoteurporteursuperieurvisiteur

. 6. F;rench -oire =English -ory:gloirehistoirememoire

gloryhistory

. memoryterritoirevictoire

inferiormotorportersuperiorvisitor

territoryvictory

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 177. French -ique =English ictal):

comiquecritiquelogique

comic(al)criticlogical

musiquepolitiquepratique

8. French. -ment =English -ly:absolument absolutelynaiurellement naturally

musicalpoliticalpractical

certainement certainly

9. French -aire =English ary:anniversairecontraire

anniversarycontrary

militairesecretaire

arrange10. French - e =English ed:

sacrearrangedsacred

militarysecretary

decourage discour-aged

progres11. French -es =English -ess:

succesprogress12. French -eux =English -ous:

curieux, dangereuxfameux

curiousdangerousfamous

success

merveilleux marvelousprecieux precious

13. French -iste =English -ist:artistedentiste

artistdentist

journaliste journalistpianiste pianist


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c. COLORSbleu blue noir blackrouge red brun brown (hair)jaune yellow marron brown (chestnutcolor)vert green gris grayblanc white

18 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 1914. French -et = English -ect: vendredi Friday aout Augustsamedi Saturday septembre Septembereffet effect projet project dimanche Sunday octobre Octoberobjet object sujet subject janvier January novembre November

fevrier February decembre December15. French n= English s: mars Marchavril Aprilcote coast hopital hospital mai Maycotaer to cost hote host juin Junefete feast interet interest juillet Julyforet forest maitre master

16. French e- = English initial s-: . B . NUMBERS 1-10 .ecole school , etudiant studentetrange etudier to study un one six sixstrange deux two sept seven17. French es- = English initial s-: trois three buit eightquatre four neuf nine

esprit spirit cinq five dix ten.espace spaceEspagne Spain estomac stomachespagnol Spanish _

LESSON 6A. DAYS AND MONTHS

-, lundi'mardi MondayTuesday mercredi Wednesdayjeudi ThursdayINotice that when you give the days of the week in French youbegin with Monday. Notice also that days and months are notcapitalized. .

D. NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WESTNorth estSouth ouest

EastWest

nordsud


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20 FRENCH COURSEBOOKQUIZ ITry matching the following two columns:1. dimanche2. aota3. mercredi4. gris5. jeudi6. neuf7. marron,8. huit9. juillet10. jaune11. rouge12. lundi13. cinq14. blanc15. dix

a. Thursdayb. brownc. ten -d. Sundaye. redf. Augustg. Mondayh. Julyi. fivej. whitek. gray1 . nine

m. Wednesdayn. yellowo. eight

ANSWERSI-d; 2-f; 3-m; 4-k; 5-a; 6"':"""1;7-b; 8-0;9-h; lO-n; 11-e; 12-g; 13-i; 14-j; 15--;-c.

E. WORD STUDYThe Word Study sections point out words that are sim-ilar in French and English.Ie char me, la c1asseconsiderablela differenceI'element (m.)la gloireI'operation (f)

charmclassconsiderabledifferenceelementgloryoperation

. FRENCH COURSEBOOK 21

LESSON 7

Ie parentroyal parentroyal

Hello! Good morning.Good afternoon.("Good day.")!Mr.Mr. LenoirGood morning (Goodafternoon), Mr.

Lenoir.Good evening.MadamMrs. LenoirGood evening, Mrs., Lenoir.good.nightGood night, Mrs.Lenoir.howare you ("do you go";pol.)2How are you? How doyou do (po!.)?

I Words in parentheses and quotation marks are literal translati~ns,2 Throughout this program, pol. stands for polite, to indicate thepolite or formal form, and Jam . indicates the familiar form. See page84 for more information"

-~~-.~~"""".--~-----~~-~------'II""""---------~~~~_____ __.J

A. GREETINGSBonjour.

MonsieurMonsieur LenoirBonjour, MonsieurLenoir.Bonsoir.MadameMadame LenoirBonsoir, MadameLenoir.bonnenuitBonne nuit, MadameLenoir.commentallez-vousComment allez-vous?


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24 FRENCH COURSEBOOKII fait froid.II fait frais.II fait chaud.II fait beau .II fait du vent.II fait du soleil.n pleut.II neige.QUIZ 2

1. tr es . bien2. bonsoir3. parlez4. merci5. comment6. s'il vousplait7. beaucoup8. a demain9. Comment allez-vous?10. lentement11. Quel temps fait-il?12. Ilfait chaud.13. Je vous enprie.14. Il pleut.15. Comment fa va?

It's cold.It's cool.It's hot.It's nice.It's windy.It's sunny.It's raining.It's snowing.

a. speakb. howc. much, a lotd. see you tomorrow

(until tomorrow)e. How are you?f. very wellg. slowlyh. thank youi. pleasej. good eveningk. It's raining.1. You're welcome.m. How are things?n. What's the weatherlike? o. It's hot.

ANSWERSI-f; 2-j; 3-a; 4-h; 5-b;6-i; 7-c; 8-d; 9-e;10-g; l1-n; 12-0; 13-1; 14-k; I5-m.

2 5FRENCH COURSEBOOK

LESSONSA. Do You HAVE ... ? .Avez-vous ... - ?As-tu ... ?

de I'eaudes cigarettesdu feudes allumettesdu savondu papier

Do you have (po!.)?Do you have (Jam.)?some water

some (any) cigarettesa lightsome matchessome soapsome paper

-Notice that "some" or "any" is translated by de "of"(other forms of de are du, des, d'; see page 45) and .that in many cases French uses de (for example, dufeu) where we don't use "some" or "any" in English.See Lesson 14 for more on the verb ToHave.B. IN A RESTAURANTIe petit dejeunerIe dejeunerIe dinerVous desirez ... ?Bonjour, Monsieur',

vous desirez ?Donnez-moi .

breakfastlunchdinner, supperWhat will you have?

("You wish ... ?")Good afternoon. What

would you like?Give me ...

IIn French you add Monsieur (Madame, Mademoiselle) whenaddressing a stranger. .


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28 FRENCH COURSEBOOKLESSON 9

Thislesson and several of the following lessons arelonger than the others. They contain the grammaticaland phonetic information you need to know from thestart. Don't try to memorize anything. Read each see-tion until you understand every point. As you continue

, with the course try to observe examples of the pointsmentioned. Refer back to these grammatical sections(or the Summary of French Grammar) as often as !}ec-essary. You will find that you have a good grasp of thebasic features of French grammar without any delib-erate memorization of "rules."

A. ToGIVE: DONNER1. I give

je donnetu donnes

I give, I'm givingyou (fam. sing.) give, you aregivinghe gives, he's giving; it givesshe gives, she's giving; it givesone gives, one is giving; they(people) give, they (people)are giving

we give, we're givingyou give, you're giving (pl. orpol. sing. or pl.)they give, they're giving(masc.)they give, they're giving (fern.)

iI donneelle donne,on donne

nous donnonsvous donnezils donnentelles donnent

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 2 9NOTES

a. The subject pronouns are:je I nous wetu you (Jam. sing.) vous you (pl. or pol. -sing. or pl.)if he, it il~ they (masc.)elle, . she, it elles they (fern.)on one

b. Notice the verb endings taken by each subject:je -etu -esil, elle, on -e

nousvousils, elles

-ons-e z-ent

c. These forms, which make up the present tense,translate into English as "I give," "I'm giving" and"I do give." Donner is considered an -er verb sinceits infinitive ends in -er. Many other verbs endingin -er have the same forms in the present tense.They are called "regular -er verbs,"!

d. Tu is used with people you know well (whom youcall by first name in English-members of one'sfamily and close friends) and to children, pets, etc.Vous is used with several people or with someoneyou don't know very well (whom you wouldn'tcall by first name in English). The tu form is calledthe "familiar" form, the vous form the "polite" or"formal."

ISee Lesson 40, item A, for a comparison of all French verbs: -e r,-ir , and or e verbs.


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30 FRENCH COURSEBOOKe. Il donne means "he gives'" or "it gives." "They give"is translated ils donnent when referring to men (or to

masculine nouns) or mixed groups, and elles donnentwhen referring to women (or to feminine nouns). .f. On donne means "one gives." It can be translatedseveral ways in English: "they give," "people give,"

"it's given," etc.g. Notice that as far as the sound is concerned there

are only three endings: .1) je donne }tu donnesil donne .on donneils donnent

2) nous donn-ons3) vous donn-ez

all pronounced donnwhether spelled donne,donnes or donnent

2. I don't giveNotice that "not" is ne '... pas. The verb comesbetween ne and pas.

je donneje ne donne pastu ne donnes pasil ne donne pasnous ne donnons pasvous ne donnez pasils ne donnent pas3. Give!

Donne!Donnez!

I giveI don't giveyou don't give (Jam.)he doesn't givewe don't giveyou don't givethey don't give

Give! (the familiar form; com-pare tu donnes above)

Give! (the polite form; comparevous donnez above)

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 31Ne donne pas!Ne donnezpas!

This form of the verb which is used in com-mands and requests is called the "imperative."

Don't give! (Jam.)Don't give! (pol.)

B. To SPEAK: PARLERParler is another common regular -er verb.

1. I speakje parletu paries Ispeak, I'm speakingyou speak, you're speak-

ing (Jam.)he speaks, he's speakingwe speak, we're speakingyou speak, you're speak-

ingthey speak, they're speak-ing

il parle'nous parlonsvous parlez

ils parlent 1

2. Speak!Par1e!Parlez! Speak! (Jam.)Speak! (pol.)

III will represent the third-person singular forms (il, elle, 011) and ilswill represent the third-person plural forms (ils, elles).


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p

32 FRENCH COURS'EBOOKc. ASKING A QUESTION I

1. To ask a question, you reverse the order of sub-ject pronoun and verb:

Vous donnez.Donnez-vous?Donnes-tu?'Donne-t-ilf"Donne-t-elle?Donnons-nous?Donnez-vous?Donnent-ils?Ne donne-t-on pas?Ne donnez-vous pas?-N e donnent-ils pas?.Dui,Non.

You give. You're giving.Do you give? Are you

giving?Do you give (Jam.)?Does he give?Does she give?Do we give?Do you give?Do they give?Doesn't one give?Don't you give?Don't they give?Yes.No.

2. Another way of asking a question is to put Est-ce que' before the statement:

Est-ce que je donne?Est-ce que tu donnes?Est-ce qu'il donne?Est-ce "que nous don-nons?

Do I give? Am I giving?Do you (Jam.) give? Are

you giving?Does he give?Do we give?

1 The form Donne-je? "Do I give?" is not used; Est-ce que jedonne? is used instead (see above).2 In the third-person singular forms, -er verbs take a t before thesubject pronoun. '3 Notice that this form of asking questions with Est-ce que is notused often today in spoken French, except with je.

FRENCH COURSEBOOK' 33Est-ce que vous don-nez?

Est-ce qu'ils donnent?Est-ce que je ne

donne pas?Est-ce que tu nedonnes pas?Est-ce qu'il ne donnepas?Est-ce que nous nedonnons pas?Est-ce que vous nedonnez pas?

Est-ce qu'ils nedonnent pas?

3. Study these phrases:Parlez-vous francais?Parles-tu francais?Parle-t-elle anglais?Parlent-ils anglais?Donne-t-il de l'ar-

gent?Donnez-vous de l'ar-

gent?Donne-t-elle son

adresse?

Do you give?Do they give?Don't I give?Don't you (Jam.) give?Doesn't he give?

Don't we give?Don't you give?Don't they give?

Do you speak French?Do you speak French?Does she speak En-

glish?Do they speak English?. Does he give money?Do you give money?Is she giving her ad-dress?

D. LINKING SOUNDS: LIAISONr. In French, when words are closely connected

grammaticall~ they are also closely connected in


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34 FRENCH COURSEBOOKpronunciation. If the first word ends in a conso-nant and the second begins with a vowel, theconsonant is carried over and begins the secondword. This is called liaison, or "linking." In t~efollowing example, the dash shows that the n IScarried over to the next word:

un exemple:u-nexemple an example

2. There are many cases in which the first word. ends in a consonant which is not pronounced

when the word is used by itself or before a wordbeginning with a consonant (vous pronouncedvou) but which is pronounced when the follow-ing word begins with a vowel or h (vous avezpronounced vou-zavez). When this liaison takesplace;s is pronounced z: vous avez (vou-zavez) you

haveles amis (lay-zamis) thefriends.

x is pronounced z: aux Etats-Unis (~u-zEtat-zUnis) to the UrutedStatesdeux a",nis(deu-zamis)two friendsd is pronounced t: .un grand enfant (un gran-tenfant) a big childun grand homme (ungran-tomme) a great(important) man

FRENCH COURSEBOOK35

3.. Listen for the liaison in these examples:nest ...Est-i1?Est-elJe?ns sont.Sont-i1s?Sont-elles?C'est ...C'est it moi.C'est ici,Nous avons.Vous avez.ns ont.Les amis.Deux amis.Les eU~ves.Pas encore.Tres interessant.Apres une heure.Venez ici.Allez-y.Un petit enfant.Un grand enfant.Je suis ici.ns sont alles.Chez eux.Sans interet.

He is ...Is he?-Is she?They are.Are they (masc.)?Are they (fem.)?It is ...It's mine.It's here.We have.You have.They have.The friends.Two friends.The pupils.Not yet._Very interesting.After an hour.Come here.Go there.A small child.A big child.I'm here.They went.At their home.Without interest.

Remember that words beginning with an aspirate hdo not have liaison: .Ie hors d'oeuvredeux heros the appetizertwo heroes


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36 FRENCH COURSEBOOKREVIEW QUIZ 1Choose the correct French word equivalent to theEnglish.

1. Five =a. sixb. septc. cinq

2. Eight =a. huitb. neufc. quatre

3. Tuesday =a. mercredib. mardic : vendredi

. 4. Sunday = .a. dimancheb. samedic. lundi

5. August =a. aoiab. septembrec. avril-6. June =a. juilletb. juinc. mai

7. Red =a. bleub. orangec. rouge

8. Green =a. jauneb. vertc. gris

9. Black =a. noirb. marron-c. blanc

10. Brown =a. noirb. rougec. brun11. Good morning =a. bonjourb. bonsoirc. comment

12. Very well =a. mercib. tre s bienc. tres13. Thank you =a. bienb. m e r cic. tres

14. Please =a. parlezb. mercic. s'il vous plait

15. Good-bye =a. a demainb. au revoirc. bonjour

16. He gives =a. il donneb. elle donnec. ils donnent

FRENCRCOURSEBOOK 3717. W e are speaking =

a. nous parlonsb. vous parlezc. nous donnons

18. I don't give =a. il ne donne pasb. je donnec. je ne donne pas

19 . Do you give? =a. Donnez-vous?b. Donne-t-il?c. Donne-t-on?

20. Do Igive? =a. Est-ce que vousdonnez?

b. Est-ce que je donne?c. Est-ce qu'il donne?

ANSWERS1-c; 2-a; 3-b; 4-a; 5-a; 6-b; 7-c; 8-b;9-a; lO-c; ll-a; 12-b; 13-b; 14-c; 15-b;16-a; 17-a; 18-c; 19-a; 20-b.

LESSON 10A. WHERE?Pardon, monsieur.oilestOil est-it?l'hOtelOil est l'hOtel?Oil est Ie restaurant?Oil est Ie telephone?Pouvez-vous me

dire ....Pouvez-vous me direoil est Ie telephone?

Excuse me, sir.whereisWhere is it (he)?the hotelWhere is the hotel?Where is the restau-

rant?Where is the tele-

phone?Can you tell me ...Can you tell me where

the telephone is?


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38 FRENCH COURSEBOOKPouvez-vous me direon est la gare? Can you tell me where-the (railroad) station

is?Oi; est is the simplest way of saying "Where is" but

it is more idiomatic to say: Oic se trouve _.. ("Wheredoes it find itself ... ?")On se trouve I'hOtel?

Pouvez-vous me direon se trouve laposte? -Pouvez-vous me direon se trouve Ie tele-~ phone?

Where is the hotel?("Where does thehotel find itself?")

Can you tell me wherethe post office is?

Can you tell me wherethe telephone is?

B. HERE AND THERElei.L a .La-bas,Par on est-ce?Par iei.Par la,Par la-bas,C'est par iei.C'est par la-bas,C'est iei.Ce n'est pas iei.C'est la.Ce n'est pas la.C'est la-haut,nest iei.

Here.There.Over there.Which way is it?This way.That way.Over that way.It's this way.It's over that way.It's here.It's not here.It's there.It's not there.It's up there.He's here.

FRENCH COURSEBOOKVeneziei.Restez iei.Attendez la.Allez par iei.Allez par la,Qui est la?Mettez-Ie iei.Mettez-Ie la,

Come here.Stay here.Wait there.Go this way.Go that way.Who's there?Put it here.Put it there.

C. To THE RIGHT, ETC.A droite.A gauche.A votre droite.A votre gauche.Sur votre gauche.C'est a droite.C'est a gauche.Tournez a droite.Tournez a gauche.Continuez tout droit.C'est tout droit.C'est tout droitdevant vous.Allez tout droit.C'est en face.C'est en haut.C'est en bas.C'est au coin.D. NEAR ANDFARPres.Pres d'iei.Tout pres.

To the right.To the left.To your right.To your left.On your left.It's to the right.It's to the left.Turn right.

-Turn left.Keep straight on.It's straight ahead.It's straight ahead ofyou.Go straight ahead.It's directly opposite.It's above.It's below.It's on the comer.

Near.Near here.Very near. Quite close.

39


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40 FRENCH COURSEBOOKPres du village.Pres de la route.Pres de lui.C'est tout pres.C'est tout pres d'Ici,Loin.C'est loin? }Est-ce loin?C'est loin.Ce n'est pas loin.C'est loin d'ici.

E. THEREY .Est-il a Paris?Qui, iI y est.Paul, est-ilia?Qui, il y est.Va-t-il a Paris?Qui, il y va.J'y vais.Je ne veux pas y aIIer.J'y demeure.QUIZ 4

1. Pouvez-vous medire ou est letelephone?

2. Ou se trouvel' hotel?

3. C' est par ici.4. C' est tout droit.5. C' est a droite.

Near the village.Near the road.Near him.It's very near.It's very near here.Far.Is it far?It's far.It's not far.It's far from here.

There. To there.Is he in Paris?Yes, he is (there).Is Paul there?Yes, he's there.Is he going to Paris?Yes, he's going there.I'm going there.I don't want to go there.I live there.

a. It's this way.

b. It's to the right.c. Turn left.d. It's (directly) oppo-

site.e. It's straight ahead.

FRENCH COURSEBOOK6. r, demeure.

41

7. Attendez la.

8. Allez par ici.9. Tournez a gauche.

1 0 . C ' est enlace.1 1 . Ce n' est pas loin.12. Mettez-le la.13. Ce n' est pas ici.14. Restez ici.15. Qui est la?

f. Can you tell mewhere the telephoneis?

g. Where is the hotel?("Where does thehotel find itself?")

h. I live here.i. It's not here.j. Stay here.k. Wait there.1. Go this way.m. Who's there?n. Put it there.o. .It's not far.

ANSWERSI-f; 2-g; 3-a; 4-e; 5-b; 6-h; 7-k; 8-1;9 - c ; 1 0 - d ; 1 1 - 0 ; 1 2 - n ; 1 3 - i ; 1 4 - - j ; 1 5 - m .

LESSON 11A. THE AND A; ELISION

1. le, la, les "the."Je donne Ie livre a unenfant.IIdonne la lettre aune femme.Nous donnons leslivres a un garcon,Vous donnez les

lettres a ma tille.

I give (I'm giving) thebook to a child.

He gives (he's giving)the letter to a woman.We give (we're giving)the books to a boy.You give (you're giv-

ing) the letters to mydaughter.


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42 FRENCH COURSEBOOK'Notice that the book is le livre, the letter is la let-tre. Nouns that take le are called "masculine,"nouns that take la are called "feminine." In theplural, however, both take les: .

les livresles lettres

the booksthe letters2. un, une "a,"

Nouns that take le (masculine nouns) take un:un livreun garcon a booka boy

Nouns that take la ,feminine nouns) take une:.une lettreunefemme

a lettera woman

_3. Ie, la before vowels and hJe parle a I'ami de

Jean.II donne la lettre al'amie de Jeanne.Nous entrons dansI'hotel.Je marche sur

I'herbe.

I'm talking to John'sfriend:

He gives (he's giving)the letter to Jean'sgirlfriend.

We are going into thehotel.I'm walking on the

grass.Notice that when le or la comes before a vowelor a mute h it becomes l'. This is called elision.

l'amiI'hommeI'heurethe friendthe manthe hour

FRENCH COU.R SEB OOK 43Words beginning with an aspirate h do not elide:

Ie haricot the beanIe heros the hero

Ie hors the appetizerd'oeuvre

la haine the hatred

un ami de JeanB. MASCULINE AND FEMININE

une amie de JeanJohn's friend ("afriend of John")John's (girl) friend

Notice that e is often added to a masculine wordto make it feminine:un ami une amie

This rule applies to both nouns and adjectivesdescribing females or feminine nouns (see C.):MASCULINE

grand big-petit smallfatigue tiredetudiant male studentclient customer

FEMININEbigsmalltiredfemale studentwoman customer

grandepetitefatigueeetudiantecliente

C. POSITION OFADJECTIVES1. Adjectives usually follow the noun they modify:

un livre francaisun homme interessantune idee excellente

a French bookan interesting manan excellent idea


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44 FRENCH COURSEBOOK2. A number of common adjectives, however, usu-

ally precede the noun':autre other jeune youngbeau beautiful joli prettybon good long longcourt short mauvais badgentil nice, pleasant nouveau newgrand great, large, tall petit small, littlegros big vieux oldD. PLURAL

1. The plural of most nouns ends in -s:Ie livrela lettre the bookthe letter les Iivresles lettres the booksthe letters

Since the s isnot pronounced there is no differencein speech between livre "book" and livres "books."The difference between singular and plural isclear, however, as soon as you add le or les:

Ie livre les livres the booksthe book2. The plural of most adjectives ends in -s :

je suis pretdie est pretenous sommes pretselles sont preteselles sont fatiguees

I'm readyshe's readywe're readythey're readythey're tired

ISee Feminine of Adjectives in the Summary of French Grammarfor the feminine forms of these and other adjectives; some areirregular.

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 45E. WORD STUDYcomedieconstantcontrairedesirlong

comedyconstantcontrarydesirelong

nordoneleorganepostesimple

northuncleorganpostsimple

LESSON 12A. 'OF AND To

1. de "of"

la lettre de mon amile livre de Jeanles livres de I'eleve2. de la "of the" (fem.)

la lettre de la jeune filleDonnez-moi de la viande.

OF

my friend's letter (theletter of my friend)John's bookthe pupil's books

the girl's letterGive me some meat.

3. de l' "of the" (before vowels and mute h)le livre de l'amil'entree de l' hotelDonnez-moi de l' argent.Donnez-moi de l' eau.

the friend's bookthe hotel's entranceGive me some money.Give me some water.


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46 FRENCH COURSEBOOKNotice that de is used in some cases where inEnglish we use the possessive (John's book) andin other cases where we use the word "some"(Give me some water).

4. du "of the" (masc.)Notice that de + le =duo

le livre du perele livre du garcon

the father's bookthe boy's book

5. des "of the" (pl.)Notice that de + les =des.

les rues des villesles livres des eleves

Donnez-moi despommes de terre.

1. a "to"Je vais a Paris.2. a la "to the" (fem.)

Je donne la lettre a lamere.

the streets of thetowns

the pupils' books (thebooks of thepupils)

. Give me somepotatoes.

TO

I'm going to Paris.

I give (I'm giving) theletter to the mother.

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 47Mon ami porte cettevalise a la gare.

My friend carries thisvalise to the station.

3. a l' "to the" (before, a vowel or mute h)Donnez-Ia a l'enfant.Je donne la lettre al' ami de Jean.

Il va a l' hopital.4: au "to the" (masc.)

Notice that a + le =au.Je donne la lettre aupere.

Je vais au theatre.Il va au cinema.

Give it to the child.I give (I'm giving) theletter to John'sfriend.

He's going to the hos-pital.

I give (I'm giving) theletter to the father.I'm going to thetheater.He's going to themovies .

5. aux "to the" (pI.) Notice that a + les =aux.Il donne de l' argentaux pauvres.Je vais aux concerts del' orchestre sympho-nique.

B. WORD STUDYla chainecomplet chaincomplete

He gives money to thepoor.

I'm going to the sym-phony concerts.

la cremeIe desert creamdesert


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48 FRENCH COURSEBOOKofficereternella fontainela lettre

eternalfountainletterI'officier(m.)Ie systeme system

c. To B~_OR Nor TO BE: ETREAbout 4,000 to 4,500.verbs in common use have theforms given for donner. and parler (the "regular -erverbs"). Among some of the verbs that do not followthis pattern (the "irregular verbs"), there are someextremely common ones, such as:etreavoirallervenirfairedire

to be,.tohave -to goto cometo do .to say

You will learn the forms for these verbs in laterlessons. Let's begin with "to be."l.Iam

je suistu esit estnous sommesvous etesits sont2. I am not

je ne suis pastu n'es pas

lamyou are (fam.)he iswe areyou are (pi.)they are

I am notyou are not

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 49it n'est pas he is notnons ne sommes pas we are notvous n'etes pas you are notits ne sont pas they are not

3. Be!Soyez! Be!Soyez tranquille. Be quiet. Don't worry.Sois tranquille! Be quiet! (fam.)Sois a I'heure! Be on time!

4. Study these examples:Je suis americam, I'm (masc.) American.Je suis a l'hOtel. I'm at the hotel.IIest ici. He's here.Elle est u. She's there.lis sont ici. They're (masc.) here.Elles sont la-bas, They're (fern.) overthere.Je.suis pret. I'm ready.Elle est prete. She's ready.lis sont prets. They're (masc.) ready.Elles sont pretes. They're (fern.) ready.La lettre est longue. The letter is long.La maison n'est pas The house is not big.grande.Le garcon est content. The boy is happy,Les Iivres ne sont pas The books are not in-interessants, teresting.IIest fatigue. He's tired.Elle est fatiguee, She's tired.


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50 FRENCH COURSEBOOKElle est crevee,Quelle heure est-il?D'oil etes-vous?-Je suis de Paris.

5. Am I? Are you?

suis-je? or }est-ce que je suis?

Es-tu?Est-il?Sommes-nous?Etes-vous?Sont-ils?

6. Study these examples:

Oil es-tu?Oil est-elle?Oil sommes-nous?Oil sont-ils?Etes-vous certain,

Monsieur?Etes-vous certaine,

Madame?Etes-vous certaine,

Mademoiselle?Etes-vous certains,

Messieurs?

She's tired ("deadtired") (Jam.).

What time is it?Where are you from?I'm from Paris.

AmI?Are you?Is he?Are we?Are you?Are they (masc.)?

Where are you?Where is she?Where are we?Where are they(masc.)?Are you certain, sir?

Are you certain,madam?Are you certain, miss?

Are you certain, gentle-men?

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 51Etes-vous certaines,

Mesdames?Etes-vous certaines,

Mesdemoiselles?Etes-vous anglais?Oui, je suis anglais.Oui, je Ie suis.

Non, je ne suis pasanglais.

Non, je ne Ie suis pas.

Are you certain? (toseveral marriedwomen)Are you certain? (toseveral unmarriedwomen)

Are you English?Yes, I'm English.Yes, I am. (Note that

in French you add Ie"it .")No, I'm not English.No, I'm not.

D. MY , YOUR, HIs (POSSESSIVEADJECTIVES)

Oil est mon livre?Oil est ton livre?Oil est son livre?Oil est notre livre?Oil est votre livre?Oil est leur livre?Oil est ma lettre?Oil est ta lettre?Oil est sa lettre?Oil est notre lettre?

Where is my book?Where is your (Jam.)

book?Where is his (her)book?

Where is our book?Where is your (pol. orplu.) book?

Where is their book?Where is my letter?Where is your (Jam.)letter?Where is his (her)

letter?Where is our letter?


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52

Oil est votre lettre?FRENCH COURSEBOOK

Oil est leur lettre?Oil sont mes livres?Oil sont tes livres?Oil sont ses livres?Oil sont nos livres?Oil sont vos livres?Oil sont leurs Hvres?Oil sont mes lettres?Oil sont tes lettres?Oil sont ses lettres?Oil sont nos lettres?Oil sont vos lettres?Oil sont leurs lettres?

Where is your (pol.)letter?Where is their letter?

Where are my books?Where are your (Jam.)books?Where are his (her)books?Where are our books?Where are your (pol. orplu.) books?Where are their books?Where are my letters?Where are your (Jam.)letters?Where are his (her)

letters?Where are our letters?Where are your (pol. orplu.) letters?Where are theirletters?

Notice that my, your, his, etc., is mon, ton, son,before masculine nouns and ma, ta, sa before femi-nine nouns, but that in the plural the same form (mes,tes, ses) is used before both masculine and femininenouns. Notice also that these possessive adjectivesagree in gender with the following noun rather thanwith the possessor: In Oil est sa lettre? "Where is hisletter?" sa is feminine because lettre is feminine(even though "his" refers to a man). Refer to pages313-314 in the Summary of French Grammar formore information.

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 53ou rz 51. D' oil etes-vous?2. Quelle heure est-

il?3. II est ici.4. Je suis pret.5. Etes-vous certain?6. Oil est-il?7. Oil est sa lettre?8. Je suis fatigue.9. Elles sont pretes.10. Soyez tranquille.11. Je suis a l' hotel.12. Je suis americain.13. Je ne suis pas a

Bordeaux.14. Nous sommes.15. Je suis de Paris.

a. What time is it?b. Where are youfrom?

c. Where is he?d. Where is his letter?e. They are ready.f. I'm tired.g. I'm ready.h. I'm at the hotel.i. Are you certain?j. He's here.k. I'm (an) American.1. Don't worry.

m. I'm from Paris.n. I'm not in Bordeaux.o. We are.

ANSWERSI--b;2--a;3--j;4--g;5--i;6--c;7--d;8~~9--e;10--1; ll--h; 12--k; 13--n; 14--0; 15--m.

LESSON 13A. IT IsC'est bon.Ce n'est pas bon.C'est bien.

It 's good.It's no good.It's (that's) all right.

("It's weH.")


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54

Ce n'est pas bien.FRENCH COURSEBOOK

C'est mal.Ce n'est pas mal.C'est petit.C'est grand.Ce n'est rien.C'est difficile.C'est facile.C'est tres facile.C'est assez facile.C'est plus facile.C'est moins difficile.C'est loin.Ce n'est pas tres loin.C'est pres d'ici.C'est peu.C'est trop peu.C'est assez.C'est beaucoup.C'est par ici.C'est par Ia.C'est pour moi.C'est pour nous.C'est pour vous.C'est pour les enfants.C'est cela.C'est ca.

It's not very good(nice). It's not right(fair).It's bad.It's not bad.It's small.It's big.It's nothing.It's hard (difficult).It's easy.It's very easy.It's easy enough.It's easier.It's less difficult.It's far.It's not very far.It's near here..It's (a) little.It's too little.It's enough.It's a lot.It's this way.It's that way.It's for me.It's for us.It's for you.It's for the children.That's it. That's right.That's it. That's right.

B. ASKING A QUESTION Il1. As you have already seen, there are several waysof asking a question:

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 55.a. Reverse the order of subject and verb.b. Est-ce que ... Use before the regular wordorder. Today,Est-ce que ... is not used veryoften in conversational French. (Therefore,the third sentence below appears as C' estcela? as opposed to Est-ce que c' est cela?and Il est ici? appears instead of Est-ce qu'ilest ici?, etc.)

c. Use the regular word order with the questionintonation (that is, with the pitch of the voiceraised at the end of the sentence).Est-ce cela? Is it that?C'est cela? Is it that?II est lei.' He's here.Est-il iei? r Is he here?II est iei?C'est vrai. It's true.C'est vrai? It's true?Est-


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56 FRENCH COURSEBOOK

Are you ready?Etes-vous pret? }VOUSetes pret?Sont-elles pretes? }Elles soot pretes?Veoez-vo~s? }VOUSveoez?

Avez-vous des cigarettes? }Vous avez des cigarettes?Avez-vous du feU?}Vous avez du feu?Parlez-vous aoglais? }Vous parlez anglais?Parlez-vous francais? }Vous parlez francais?

Are they (fern.)ready?

Are you coming?

Do you have anycigarettes?

Do you have a light?

Do you speak:English?

Do you speak:French?

2. You already know the words oui and non for"yes" 'and "no." The word si is also used for"yes" when you want to contradict a negativestatement or question:Vous ne parlez pas anglais?--Si.You don't speak: English?- Yes (I do).

c. WORD STUDYla bandeIe chauffeurcommunla compositionla conscience

band, stripchauffeurcommoncompositionconscience

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 57la decorationla descriptionla missionIe numerola region

decorationdescriptionmissionnumberregion

LESSON 14A. To HAVE AND ToHAVE NOT: AVOIR1. I have

j'aitu asil anous avonsvous avezils ont

2. I don't haveje n'ai pastu n'as pasil n'a pasnous n'avons pasvous n'avez pasils n'ont pas

Ihaveyou havehe haswe haveyou havethey have

3. Study these examples:

I don't have, Ihaven'tyou don't have,etc.. he doesn't have

we don't haveyou don't havethey don't have

Je n'ai rien. I have nothing. I don'thave anything.There's nothingwrong with me.


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58 FRENCH COURSEBOOKJ'ai de l'argent.J'ai assez d'argent.Je n'ai pas d'argent.J'ai assez de temps.TIsn'ont pas decigarettes.

4. Do I have?Ai-je? (or Est-ce que j' ai?)As-tu?A-t-il?Avons-nous?Avez-vous?Ont-ils?

5. Don't I have?N' ai-je pas?N' a s-tu pas?N' a-t-il pas?N' avons-nous pas?N' avez-vous pas?N' ont-ils pas?

6. Study these examples:A-t-il de I'argent?

I have money.Ihave enough money.I haven't any money.I have enough time.They don't have any

cigarettes.

Do I have?Do you have?Does he have?Do we have?Do you have?Do they have?

Don't I have?Haven't I?

Don't you have?Doesn't he have?

Don't ~e have?Don't you have?Don't they have?

Does he have anymoney?

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 59A-t-elle assez d'argent?N'a-t-il pas d'amis itParis?N'avez-vous pas decrayon?Avez-vous un stylo?Avez-vous un timbre?Avez-vous du papier?Avez-vous des cigarettes? }Vous avez des cigarettes?N'avez-vous pas de feu?Avez-vous une allumette?Qu'avez-vous?

Qu'est-ce qu'iI a?Combien en avez-vous?

Avez-vous le temps de meparler?Pourquoi n'avez-vous pasle temps?

parce queJe n'a i pas le temps parceque j' ai un rendez-vous.

Does she haveenough money?Doesn't he haveany friendsin Paris?

Don't you have apencil?

Do you have a pen?Do you have a

stamp?Do you have anypaper?

Do you haveany cigarettes?

Don't you have alight?

Do you have amatch? .What's the matter

with you? Whathurts you?What's the matterwith him?

How many ofthem do youhave?Do "you have timeto talk to me?

Why don't youhave time?

becauseI don't have timebecause I havean appointment.


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60 FRENCH COURSEBOOKB. IDIOMS WITH AVOIRStudy these idiomatic expressions with avoir:J'ai faim.J'ai soif.Nous avons froid.II a chaud.Avez-vous chaud?II a tort.Vous avez raison.Elle a peur,J'ai besoin de ..J'ai besoin de cela.Quel age avez-vous?J'ai vingt ans.J'ai mal aux dents.Elle a mal a la tete.

I'm hungry (I havehunger).I'm thirsty.

We're cold.He's hot.Are you hot?He's wrong.You're right.She's afraid.I need ...I need that.How old are you?I'm twenty (years old).I have a toothache.She has a headache.

LESSON 15A. THERE IsII y a ...II y en a.II n'y a rien,II n'y a plus de cela.II n'y en a plus.

There is Thereare .

There's some (of it).There's nothing.There's no more ofthat.There isn't any more

(of it).

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 61There's no answer.II n'y a pas dereponse.II n'y a pas dedifference.II n'y a aucunedifficulte,II n'y a personne,

Y a-t-it du courrier?Y a-t-it beaucoup de

monde?Y a-t-it une pharma-cie pres d'ici?Y a-t-it un cafe presd'ici?II y a quatrepersonnes ici.

B. AGOII y a ...II y a une heure.II y a deux heures,II y a un jour.II y a deux jours.II y a trois semaines.II y a cinq mois.II y a cinq ans.II y a dix ans.II y a longtemps.II y a assez longtemps.II n'y a pas longtemps.II y a peu de temps.

There's no difference.There's no difficulty.There's nobody.Is there any mail?Is there a crowd? Are

there a lot of people?Is there a drugstorenear here?

Is there a cafe nearhere?

There are four peoplehere.

. .. agoAn hour ago.Two hours ago.A day ago.Two days ago.Three weeks ago.Five months ago.Five years ago.Ten years ago.A long time ago.A rather long time ago.Not so long ago.A short time ago.


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62 F"RENCH COURSEBOOKc. ALso, TooAussi.Moi aussi.Toi aussi.Lui aussi.Elle aussi.Nous aussi.Vous aussi.Eux aussi.Elles aussi.II vient aussi.lis viennent aussi.IIl'a fait aussi.Moi aussi je viens.

D. As ... Aslis sont aussi grandsque les autres.lis ne sont pas aussipetits que lesautres.Ce n'est pas aussi bonque I'autre.Ce n'est pas aussigrand que I'autre.'Venez aussi vite quepossible.Faites-le aussi vite quepossible.Faites-le aussi bien quepossible.

Also, too.I also (too).You (fam.) also (too).He also (too).She also (too).We also (too).You also (too).They (masc.) also

(too).They (fem.) also (too).He's also coming.They're also coming.He also did it.I'm also coming.

They're as tall as theothers.They're not as small asthe others.

."That's not as good asthe other.

That's not as large asthe other.

Come as quickly asyou can.

Do it as quickly aspossible.Do it as well aspossible.

FRENCH COURSEBOOK 63E. I'M SORRYJe m'excuse.Excusez-moi.Je suis desole.Je regrette.Pardon .Je suis navre.QUIZ 61. F ai assez detemps.2. Il a raison.3. F ai besoin de cela.

4. Il a tort.5. Il afroid.6. J' ai [aim.

7. F ai vingt ans.8. J' ai soif.9. Quel age avez-vous?

10. Je suis desole.11. Combien en avez-

vous?

12. A-t-il des amis aParis?

13. Je n' ai rien.14. Vous avez raison.

I'm sorry.Forgive me. I'm sorry.I'm so sorry.I'm sorry.I'm sorry (after a smallincident).I'm terribly sorry.

a. There isn't anymore (of it).

b. There's no answer.c. There's no differ-

ence.d. There's no diffi-

culty.e. Are there any let-

ters for me?f. There's nobodyhere.

g. A day ago.h. Three weeks ago.i. A long time ago.j. Come as quickly as

you can.k. I have nothing. Idon't have anything. There's noth-.ing wrong with me.1. I have enough time.

m. I'm hungry.n. I'm thirsty.


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64 FRENCH COURSEBOOK15 '. Qu' est-ce qu'il a?16. II y a trois se-

maines.17.II n'v a pas dedifference.18. II ny a aucunedifficulte.19. II n'y en a plus.

20. II y a long temps.21. II n'y a personne

ici.22. Venez aussi vite

que possible.23. Y a-t-il des lettrespour moi?

24. II y a un jour.25. II n'y a pas de

reponse.

o. He's cold.p. He's right.q. He's wrong.r. You're right.s. Ineed that.t. I'm twenty (years

old).u. I'm so sorry.v. Does he have (any)

friends in Paris?w. What's the matter

with him?x . How old are you?y. How many of them

do you have?ANSWERS1-1; 2-p; 3-s; 4-q; 5-0; 6-m; 7-t; 8-n;9-x; lO-u; ll-y; 12-v; 13-k; 14-r; 15-w;16-h; 17-c; 18-d; 19-a; 20-i; 21-f; 22-j;23-e; 24-g; 25-b.

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