freedomEconomic opportunity Railroads (Irish & Chinese) Factories (Irish, Italians, Eastern Europeans) Coal mines (Polish & Russians) Sweat shops (Polish, Russians, Irish & Italians) Immigrants moved to cities to get jobs in factories & to live near other immigrants Most had to live in overcrowded apartment complexes with multiple families in the same room For protection, culture and help, they lived in neighborhoods made up of their own ethnic group. discrimination Hiring native born English classes, job training