FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how...

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FREEDOM, ORDER, FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1 Chapter 1

Transcript of FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how...

Page 1: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

FREEDOM, FREEDOM, ORDER, OR ORDER, OR EQUALITY?EQUALITY?

Chapter 1Chapter 1

Page 2: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

Learning Outcomes1.1 Define globalization and explain how

globalization affects American politics and government.

1.2 Identify the purposes that government serves and trace their historical roots.

1.3 Describe how political scientists use concepts to structure events and promote understanding.

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Page 3: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

Learning Outcomes1.4 Define freedom, order, and equality and

discuss the various interpretations of each value.

1.5 Analyze the inherent conflicts between freedom versus order and freedom versus equality.

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Page 4: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

Learning Outcomes1.6 Distinguish among these terms:

totalitarianism, socialism, capitalism, libertarianism, and anarchism.

1.7 Explain how liberals, conservatives, libertarians, and communitarians view the role of government.

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Page 5: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

The Globalization of American Government

Government Legitimate use of force within specified

geographical boundaries to control human behavior

National Sovereignty Each national government has the right to

govern its people without interference from other nations

Threatened by globalization

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Page 6: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

The Purposes of Government Maintaining Order

Hobbes’ sovereign ruler Preserving life

Liberalism Locke – life, liberty, and property

Communism Marx – government ownership of land and

productive facilities

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Page 7: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

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Leviathan, Hobbe’s All-Powerful Sovereign

Page 8: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

The Purposes of Government Providing Public Goods

Benefits and services available to everyone Controversial: What goods or services are

appropriate? Promoting Equality

Programs to reduce social inequality Controversial: redistributing income to promote

economic equality, differing social values

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Page 9: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

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Rosa Parks: She Sat for Equality

Page 10: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Government

Values Pursued by Government Freedom Order Equality

Models of Democratic Government Majoritarian Democracy Pluralist Democracy

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Page 11: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

The Concepts of Freedom, Order, and Equality

Freedom Freedom of : absence of constraints on

behavior Freedom from: Fight against exploitation and

oppression; equality

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Page 12: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

The Concepts of Freedom, Order, and Equality

Order Preserving life and protecting property Preserving social order

Police power –authority to safeguard residents’ safety, health, welfare, and morals

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Page 13: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

The Concepts of Freedom, Order, and Equality

Equality Political equality: one person, one vote Social equality: wealth, education, and status Equality of opportunity: each person has the

same chance to succeed Equality of outcome: society must ensure

people are equal socially and economically Government-supported rights

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Page 14: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

Equality in the Military

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Page 15: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

Two Dilemmas of Government Maintaining Order and Promoting Equality

Require sacrifices in individual freedom Original Dilemma: Freedom Versus Order

Protect life, property, and make citizens safe from violence and spread of disease

Conflict between values of freedom and order: policy to strengthen one takes away from the other

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Page 16: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

Two Dilemmas of Government Modern Dilemma: Freedom vs. Equality

Values clash when government enacts policies to promote social equality Equal Pay Act School busing Discrimination (employment, public services, genetic

testing, etc.)

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Page 17: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

Ideology and the Scope of Government

Totalitarianism Government should have unlimited power

Socialism Scope of government extends to ownership or

control of basic industries that produce goods/services Democratic socialism

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Page 18: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

Ideology and the Scope of Government

Capitalism Supports free enterprise

Libertarianism Opposed to all government action except to

protect life and property Laissez faire economics

Anarchism Opposes government of any form

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Page 19: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

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Anarchists at the Inauguration

Page 20: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

Ideology and the Scope of Government

Liberals and Conservatives: The Narrow Middle Practical politics in the U.S. ranges over center

of ideological continuum

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Liberals Conservatives

Favor more government spending, programs and regulation

Favor less government spending, programs and regulation

Page 21: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

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Ideology and the Scope of Government

Page 22: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

American Political Ideologies and the Purpose of Government

Liberals vs. Conservatives: New Differences Today: differences focus on purpose of

government Conservatives: support maintenance of social order Liberals: support use of government to promote

equality

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Page 23: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

American Political Ideologies and the Purpose of Government

Two-Dimensional Classification of Ideologies: Freedom and Order Libertarians: value freedom more than order or

equality Liberals: value freedom more than order, but

not more than equality

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Page 24: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

American Political Ideologies and the Purpose of Government

Two-Dimensional Classification of Ideologies: Freedom and Order Conservatives: value freedom more than

equality, would restrict it to preserve social order

Communitarians: value both equality and order more than freedom

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Page 25: FREEDOM, ORDER, OR EQUALITY? Chapter 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government.

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Ideologies: A Two-Dimensional Framework