Free Telomere Report Omegas and Vitamin D3 (2)...There are essentially 2 ways to achieve long,...
Transcript of Free Telomere Report Omegas and Vitamin D3 (2)...There are essentially 2 ways to achieve long,...
Spring 2016, Issue 4
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Scientific Reports, New Studies and Practical Applications
2017
RES
EAR
CH
BY RACHAEL D’AGUIAR Director, of Chase Life Extension
Foundation Advisory Board Member, RAAD
Coalition
OMEGA’S AND VITAMIN D How these common supplements could help you to live longer
FURTHER RESEARCH INTO TELOMERES AND DISEASE Discover the latest research on several cancers, inflammation and coronary heart disease.
Telomeres
Introduction
I get it…
You’re doing everything you can to maintain your health, even reverse some poor lifestyle choices you made but sometimes it feels like 2 steps backwards and one step forwards. And there is so much contradictory advice and ‘evidence’ available that it is easier to second guess yourself than to commit to making a positive change.
I understand. I’m a 41 year old mother of 2 little ones who runs 3 businesses and has never had a nanny! Whereas I want to take the best care of myself, for them, for me, for my marriage, spending the time trawling the internet in search of scientific facts usually only yields blogs on the latest health buzz trend from individuals who are only worried about the health of their bank account.
In a world where anyone can write a blog can label themselves an ‘expert’ I want to present to you actual scientific facts and evidence about how to improve your health in simple, easy to digest English with simple, easy to implement advice. Sound good? Why do I present fact when supposition can be made to sound so sexy? Well, when you retell this information to your friends I want you to know you are telling them the truth. Also, I don’t expect you to believe me, you don’t know me, fair enough! But you will believe the studies, trials and award winning, recognised science I present (in plain English, I promise!) I also make a habit of creating businesses that help others, it’s important to me. And that you can google for verification – no scientific studies on that one, I’m afraid!
In this report you’ll discover the latest proven foods, vitamins and practices to lengthen telomeres and to slow down their rate of shortening. And also why telomeres are undoubtedly the most reliable measure of how well you are ageing and why taking care of them is so, so important.
I hope you enjoy reading this and that it sheds some light on some easy choices you can make to enrich this planet with your soul for longer!
With kindness,
Rachael
Literally with my hands full! Busy life, happy heart –
wouldn’t have it any other way!
ProfessorLeonardHayflick,born20thMay,1928inPhiladephia,USA.
TheClockofAgeinghasbeenDefined
ProfessorHayflick’sdiscovery,coined‘TheHayflickLimit’changedthewayweviewedageingandlivingorganisms.HisbreakthroughbeganthehuntforthatclockthatledtothediscoveryofTelomeres.SosignificantwasthediscoveryofTelomeresandtheenzyme,Telomerase,thatCarolGreider,JackSzostakandElizabethBlackburnwereawardedthe‘NobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicine’fortheirefforts.
TheirdiscoverywasmadeinasinglecelledanimalcalledTetrahymena,whichisessentiallypondscum.Likemostgreatdiscoveries,theTelomerehadhumblebeginnings!
UnabletoidentifytheenzymeTelomeraseinahuman,GeronCorporationpassedthistaskovertoDrBillAndrews,whoisolatedtheenzymeTelomerasein1997.
1
In1961LeonardHayflick
discoveredthattherewasa
mechanismthatcausedour
cellstodie.Cellscanonly
divideacertainnumberof
timesbeforetheyarenolonger
abletodivideandthey,quite
literally,self-destruct.
Acell’spre-programmedability
todividewasnamedthe
HayflickLimitafterit’s
discoverer.Atthisstage,Dr
Hayflickdidnotknowwhat
thatmechanismwas.
Telomereswerediscoveredin
the1930’sandseenas‘tails’
ontheendofourDNA.Itwas
noticedtheywerelongerin
youngerpeopleandshorterin
olderpeople.
Wehavecomealongwaysince
thenandwenowknowthat
2
the Telomereistheclockthat
weallhavetickinginsideus.
Thereasonourcellscanno
longerdivideandthereforedie
is100%linkedtothelengthof
theTelomere.
Everytimeacelldividesour
Telomere(thattailontheend
ofourDNA)shortens.And
whentheTelomerereaches
5000basepairs(itbeginsat
10,000whenyouarefirstborn)
itcannolongerdivide.
Theclockhasbeendefined.
TelomereshorteningISAgeing.
Thehumanracehasbeen
lookingtoreversethisclockfor
centuries,thefactthatwehave
foundourageingmechanism
meanswecannowlookat
fixingit.
3
Withinyouthereisagene
calledTelomerase,whichare
mostlyinactive,repressedin
fact,sothatitcannotdo
anything.Exceptinyour
reproductivecellswherethe
genefreelyexpressesan
enzyme,alsocalled
Telomerase.
Yourcellsdivideandthe
Telomeresshorten(ageing)
Yourgeneexpressesthe
enzymeTelomeraseandthe
Telomerere-lengthens.(Age
reversal)
4
Yourreproductivecells,in
essence, areimmortal.They
areourgermlineandour
survivalasaspeciesdepends
onthis.Thinkofitthisway,if
celldivisionISAGEINGandto
makeababyyoustartwith2
cellsandendupwitha
gorgeousbundleof3trillion
cellsatbirth–theamountof
celldivisionforthistooccuris
massive!Shouldourgermline
notexpressTelomeraseyou
wouldendupgivingbirthtoa
childbiologically ‘older’than
yourself.
WithoutTelomerase…
Thehumanracewouldonlyhave
survivedperhapsacouple
generations.
Wearenottheonlyspecieswho
survivebyexpressingTelomerase
intheirgermlinecells.Cats,dogs
andhorsesaresomeofthespecies
thatalsosharethesametelomere
processesasus.
Andtherearealsospeciesthat
expressTelomeraseinalltheir
cellsandshownosignsofageing!
Tortoises,whales,Lobsters,
Planeriumwormstonameafew.
Andtheirincidenceofcanceris
very,veryraretonon-existent.
Howcurious,Ithink
thatwehavefoundtheanswerto
theFountainofYouth
Itwashidinginsideusallalong.
Thereareessentially2waystoachievelong,
healthyTelomeres.Oneistoslowdowntherate
ofshortening,theotheristolengthenthem.
Firstly,I’llquicklytellyouhowtospeedthemup,justincaseyou’vedownloadedthisreportbecauseyou
wanttoliveashorterlife.YoucanincreasetherateofTelomereshorteningbysmoking,beingobeseand
speedingupcelldivisioninyourbody.Unfortunatelytheneedtoheal,recoverandrepaircausesincreased
celldivisionandwhenourbodyhassuccumbtoconditionsanddiseasesthatrequirethehealingprocessit
isn’tusuallybychoice!Ifyouarelookingatyourskinandthebiologicalageofyourskinyoucanincrease
therateofTelomereshorteningbyincreasingthecellularturnoverthroughaggressiveexfoliation,damage
andtreatmentsthatrequirethehealingprocesstotakecareofinflammationcausedorbrokenskin.
Now,fortherealreasonyouarereadingthisreport–howtoSlowDowntheRateofShortening(SDRS)and
howtolengthenyourTelomeres.
Fromvaryingcancerstoairpollution,metabolicandinflammatorydiseases,thesereportsallunanimously
agreethatkeepingTelomereslongisthekeytohealth.(Theseareall,barone,from2017andsourced
fromthePubMedwebsite,areliablesourceforpeerreviewedandpublishedmedicalwork.)
Youmightthink,readingthisthatsomeofitisjustcommonsenseandIwouldagreewithyou.Itseems
logicalthatbreathinginpollutedairwouldnotbegoodforyou,butnowyoucanseetheproofofdamageit
isdoingtoyourtelomeres,yourclockoflife.Somehowwhensciencebacksupyourinstinctsitseemsmuch
morerealandcanaidinincreasedmotivationtomakesomedifferentchoicestolookafteryourhealth.
Similarlysurelytheyounger,strongerandhealthieryourcellsthelesslikelyyouaretogetcancer?Yes!
Readonfortheproof.Thefactthatsomepeoplestilldebatethis–logicANDscience–bafflesme!
Let’sstartwiththatdiseasethat,atbest,iscurablewithconsiderablenegativesideeffectstoyouroverallhealthandwellbeingandatworstisaninsidiousandveryscaryprospect…
#1Cancer
Thefirstmentionisfromastudytitled:Telomereshorteninginhumandisease.Notonlydoesitclearlystatethatcriticallyshorttelomerescanleadtocancerbutalsohowapparentcriticallyshorttelomeresareinahostofgenetic,metabolicandinflammatorydiseases.“Overthepastdecades,manystudiesoftelomerebiologyhavedemonstratedthattelomeres
andtelomere-associatedproteinsareimplicatedinhumangeneticdiseases.Inaddition,ithasbecome
moreapparentthatacceleratedtelomereerosionisassociatedwithamyriadofmetabolicand
inflammatorydiseases.Moreover,criticallyshortorunprotectedtelomeresarelikelytoformtelomeric
fusions,leadingtogenomicinstability,thecornerstoneforcarcinogenesis”
Forthefullarticleclickhere:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/febs.12326/full*pleasenotethisarticlewaspublishedin2013andperhapswhythe‘general’conceptofcriticallyshorttelomeresiscovered.Agoodplacetostartifyouareabeginner.Articles,studiesandprooflikethisarelikelywhatpromptedmorespecificinvestigationintoTelomeres,Telomeraseandtheirconnectionstospecificdiseases,pathwaysandconditions.“Telomeredysfunctionfuelsgenomeinstabilitythatcanleadtodiseasessuchascancer”
Forthefullstudyclickhere:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28471262“Telomereshorteninghasbeendocumentedinnumeroustumortypes.Shortdysfunctionaltelomeresarecapableoffusionanditisconsideredthattheensuinggenomicinstabilitymayfacilitateclonalevolution(thewaycancersevolve)andtheprogressiontomalignancy”.Forthefullstudyclickhere:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28454108Icouldgoonandon…butthesearejustafewstudiesandarticlestogetyoustarted.ThereisirrefutableproofthatcriticallyshortTelomerescanleadtocancer.Therearerumoursatthemoment,largelyfuelledbyarecentlypublishedbookthatTelomerasecancausecancer.Theauthorsagendaforstatingthisisunclearandsheseemsunabletobackupthisclaimwithanyactualevidence(althoughherotherstatements,whicharetrue,haveprooftobackthemup.Thecancerscareseemstobejustthrowninthere)ThereasontherearenostudieswhatsoevertobackuptheclaimthatTelomerasecausescancer?Becauseitisnottrue.ButIdon’twantyoutojusttakemywordforit.Readthesearticlesandseveraldozenothers(atleast!)thatprovethatthekeytoavoidingdiseaseandcancerisbykeepingyourTelomereslongandhealthy.
Whenitcomestoyour
environmentyouusuallyhave
morecontroloverit.Soit’s
hearteningandalittlescary,to
knowthatyourliving
conditions,inparticulartheair
youbreathe,canhavea
significantimpactonthehealth
ofyourTelomeres.Statesa
2017study:“Long-term
exposuretoambientair
pollutionisassociated
withtelomereshortening.”
137cancer-freenon-smokers
were recruitedfora29year
study.Theirexposurelevelsto
indoorairwereassessedusing
aface-to-faceinterview
questionnaire,and
leukocytetelomerelength(LTL)
wasmeasured.Accumulative
exposuretosolidfuelusagefor
cookingwasnegatively
correlatedwithLTL.
TheLTLofresidentswhowere
exposedtosolidfuelcombustion
forthreedecadeswassignificantly
shorterthanthatofother
populations.Forsure,socio-
demographicfactorsmayplaya
mediatingroleinthecorrelation
between
leukocytetelomerelengthand
environmentalexposuretoindoor
airpollution.Inconclusion,long-
termexposuretoindoorair
pollutionmaycause
LTLdysfunction”.
Thisisthefirststudytoinvestigate
aclearassociationbetweenindoor
airpollutionandleukocyte
telomerelength.I’msurenotthat
Telomereshavebeensopositively
embracedasameansto
eradicatingdiseasethatmany
morepracticalstudiessuchasthis
areonthehorizon.
Forthefullstudyclickthebelow
link:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28448823
LabtestsatJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicineshowthatwhenstemcellsinyourlungsthatarenecessaryforoxygenabsorptionhavetelomeresthataretooshort,itdisruptsyourbreathingPreviously,itwasbelievedthatemphysemawasjustaninflammatoryproblem.ButtheHopkinsresearchershaveshownitisinitiallyatelomereproblemthatleadstoinflammation.Mostdiseasesknowntohuman-kindhavenowbeenlinkedbacktotheabundanceoftoomanycriticallyshorttelomeres.
#2YourEnvironment
Evidenceprovesthathigher
vitaminDconcentrationsare
associatedwithlongerTelomere
length.VitaminDinhibitsthe
inflammationresponse/process
andtherebydiminishesturnover
ofleukocytes.Leukocyte
TelomereLength(LTL)decreases
witheachcellcycleandincreased
inflammation.Thisstudyfurther
supportstheconceptthatLTL
mayserveasacumulativeindex
ofanindividual’slifelongburden
ofoxidativestressand
inflammation.Someofthe
factorsthatheightenoxidative
stressandinflammationare
genetic,butothersareclearly
environmentalinnature,anda
fewmaybeeasilymodifiable.For
instance,cigarettesmoking,
obesity,andsedentarylifestyle
areassociatedwithshortenedLTL.
Theselifestylehabitsare
completelyinyourcontrolforyou
tochangeandvitaminD
concentrationsareeasily
modifiablethroughnutritional
supplementationorsunshine
exposure.
Thestudynotedabove(theseare
2verysmallextracts)was
performedon2160womenaged
18–79yearsold.Ifyouare
interestedindelvingdeeper
simplyclickthislinkwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2196219/forthefullarticle.Also(slightly
unrelatedtoTelomerelength
directlyhere)ifyousufferfrom
Auto-immuneDiseaseI
recommendyougoaheadand
readthewholearticle,thereis
informationaboutVitaminDand
Auto-immuneDiseasewhichyou
mayfindhelpful.
Again,ifyouhaveastronginterest
inthescientificproofthatcomes
withVitaminDandTelomeres,
theJournalofNutritionhassome
excellentinformationandstudies.
VitaminD-Howdothe
numbersstackup?
“Every10-nmolincreaseinlevels
of25-hydroxyvitaminD(25(OH)
D),thenon-active‘storage’form
ofthevitamin)wasassociated
witha0.03-kpblongertelomerein
leukocytesinmiddle-agedadults,
accordingtodataextractedfrom
theNationalHealthandNutrition
ExaminationSurvey(NHANES)
2001-2002”
Thisissignificantbecausemost
adultcells(excludingthegermline
cells)havetelomereswhichare,
onaverage10-15kplong.
#3VitaminD
#4Omega-3
Giventhecardioprotectiveeffectsofomega-3fattyacids,itwassoughttodeterminewhetheromega-3fattyacidlevelswereassociatedwithchangesinleukocytetelomerelength((LTL)over5yearsinastudyofoutpatientswithcoronaryarterydisease.
TheobservedMarineOmega-
3Fattyacidsinthisstudy
wereDHAandEPA.
Myconclusion?Highlevelsof
Omega-3fattyacidsare
showntodecreasetherateof
Telomereshorteninginthis
newstudy.Overtheyears
Omega-3hasalsobeen
observedtoslowage-related
cognitivedecline,assist
againstvascularstiffnessand
reducetheincidenceofage-
relatedmacular
degeneration.Wellworth
ensuringyouhaveadequate
amountsinyourdietary
intake.
Theauthorsofthefollowing
studycommentedthat:
LeukocyteTelomereLength
(LTL)isamarkerofbiological
agethatindependently
predictswhetherpatientswith
cardiovasculardiseaseswilllive
ordie.Thislongitudinalstudy
observedbaselinelevelsof
marineomega-3fattyacids
overa5yearperiod.
Thehigherbaselineomega-3
levelswereassociatedwith
slowingdowntelomere
attrition.
Sowhereasomega-3willnot
lengthenyourtelomeres,a
highlevelwillmostcertainly
slowdowntherateof
shorteningwhichiscertainly
verybeneficialindeed.
Rememberthelongertheyare
themorecapabletheyareof
protectingyourhealth.
Multiplelarge,randomized,
controlledtrialshave
demonstratedhighersurvival
ratesamongindividualswith
cardiovasculardiseasewho
haveahighdietaryintakeof
omega-3fattyacids.Onthis
basis,theAmericanHeart
Associationrecommends
increasedoilyfishintakeand
theuseofomega-3fattyacid
supplementsfortheprimary
andsecondarypreventionof
coronaryheartdisease.
Telomeres2017-Keypoints
Take heed, the . Avoid triggering an increase in
cellular turnover. eg. Skin treatments, inflammation, avoidable cellular damage.
The length and integrity of telomeres are maintained to prevent , which
has been linked to .
Long-term exposure to .
Increased levels of
Increased levels of
Practical advice:
The easiest way to apply the research above is to supplement your diet with Vitamin D and Omega-3’s.
My ‘take-away’ from all of my research. Higher Vitamin D levels positively impact the length of your
Telomeres (and reduce inflammation which is ageing in itself). Such an inexpensive and easy
supplement to take, I used to be inconsistent with my Vitamin D supplement – but not now! Same
with omega -3’s. I’m not someone who takes every supplement under the sun just for the fun of it.
But the evidence behind these 2 is so strong and positive that it makes it a no-brainer.
Also, the importance of your environment and the air you breathe. Are you cooking often using solid
fuel? Hanging out with smokers? Having fresh air is more important than you might have thought.
Do your telomeres a favour and seek it out.
Disclaimer:IamnotadoctororaPhdscientistandinthisreportIhavemixedmyopinionwithscientificandmedical
studies.Youmaywishtospeaktoyourchosenhealthpractitionerbeforeaddinganutritionalsupplementtoyourdiet.
Ihavetriedtomakethedefinitionsclearbetweenwhatismyopinionandwhatisscientificproof.Iurgeyoutodelve
deeperintothesestudiesifapointIhavemadeinterestsyou.
Glossary
Acceleratedtelomereerosion yourtelomeresshorteningatagreaterratethanis‘normal’
Baselinelevels informationfoundatthebeginningofastudy,usedforcomparisonlater
Cellcycle thecellcycleorcell-divisioncycleistheseriesofeventsthattakeplace
inacellleadingtoitsdivisionandduplicationofitsDNA(DNA
replication)toproducetwodaughtercells.
Clonalevolution alongstandingcancermodel,knownas"clonalevolution,"tumorsarise
fromnormalcellsthatmutateandgenerateabnormaloffspringthatalso
mutate,formingamassofgeneticallyvariedcancercells
Exfoliation theprocessofremovinglayersofskinatanun-naturallyfastratein ordertoincreasecellularturnover.
Genome yourcompletesetofDNAincludingallofyourgenes.
Genomicinstability referstoasetofeventscapableofcausingunscheduledalterations
withinthegenome(yourDNA)Genomicinstabilityisacharacteristicof
mostcancercells.Itcaninitiatecancer,augmentprogression,and
influencetheoverallprognosisoftheaffectedpatientandcanarisefrom
manydifferentpathways,includingtelomeredamage
Germline theDNAingermcells(eggandspermcellsthatjointoformanembryo).
GermlineDNAisthesourceofDNAforallothercellsinthebody.
HayflickLimit discoveredin1961thatthereisamechanismthatcausesourcellstodie.Cellscanonlydivideacertainnumberoftimesbeforetheyarenolongerabletodivideandthey,quiteliterally,self-destruct.Thenumberofdivisionspossibleiscalledthe‘HayflickLimit’.
Inflammation maybedefinedasthenormalresponseoflivingtissuetoinjuryor
infectionitispartofthecomplexbiologicalresponseofbodytissuesto
harmfulstimuli,suchaspathogens,damagedcells,orirritants,andisa
protectiveresponseinvolvingimmunecells,bloodvessels,andmolecular
mediators.
JournalofNutrition http://jn.nutrition.org/
Publishedsince1928,TheJournalofNutrition(JN)wasthefirst
scientificjournalcreatedsolelyforpublicationofnutritionresearch.
Contentsincludepeer-reviewedresearchreportsonallaspectsof
experimentalnutrition,criticalreviews,commentaries,and
symposiumandworkshopproceedings.
KpborKb kilo-basepair,aunitofmeasurementofDNAorRNAlength
usedingenetics,equalto1,000nucleotides.
Leukocytetelomerelength(LTL) isacomplexgenetictrait.Itshortenswithageandisassociatedwitha
hostofaging-relateddisorders.Abiomarkerofagingandaforecaster
oflongevityinhumans.
Longitudinalstudy isanobservationalresearchmethodinwhichdataisgatheredforthe
samesubjectsrepeatedlyoveraperiodoftime.Theycangoonfor
years,orevendecadesandalwaysusethesamesetofsubject.
Malignancy termfordiseasesinwhichabnormalcellsdividewithoutcontroland
caninvadenearbytissues.Activeandinvasive.
Nmol aunitofmeasurement.Nanomolesperlitre
Oxidativestress theprocessofoxidationhappensasourbodiesprocesstheoxygenthatwebreatheandourcellsproduceenergyfromit.Thisprocessalsoproducesfreeradicals,whichinteractwiththemoleculesinourcellsresultingindamage.Freeradicalsarenormal.Itisonlywhentheamountoffreeradicalsoverwhelmstherepairprocessthatisbecomesanissue.Thisiswhatwecalloxidativestress.
Senescence theprocessinwhichhealthycellsceasedividing.WhenacellreachestheHayflicklimititbecomessenescent.
Telomere Atelomereisaregionateachendofachromosome,whichprotects
theendofthechromosomefromdeteriorationorfromfusionwith
neighboringchromosomes.Telomeresshortenwitheachroundofcell
divisionthechromosomesareshortenedbyabout25-200basesper
replication.
Telomerecontd: However,becausetheendsareprotectedbytelomeres,the
only partofthechromosomethatislost,isthetelomere,andtheDNA
isleftundamaged.LeukocyteTelomereLengthisusedasabiomarker
ofageingandawayofpredictingmorbidityincertaindiseases.
Knownasthe‘clockofageing’itmeasureshowmuchtimeyourcells
(andyou)haveleft.
Telomereshortening anunavoidablesymptomofcellulardivisionthathappensinallhuman
cellsexceptourgermlinecells.Whentelomeresbecomecritically
shorttheyaresusceptibletomutationswhichcanleadtodiseaseand
death.
Telomerase thenameofageneandalsotheenzymethatitexpresses.Inallcells
exceptourgermlinecellsthegeneisrepressedandnoenzymeis
expressed.Whentelomeraseisexpresseditrelengthensthetelomere
andcanreversecellularageing.
Tetrahymena afreshwater,onecellorganismthatfeedsonbacteria.
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