FREE SPACE OPTICAL LINKS - GfK Etilize

INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

FREE SPACE OPTICAL LINKS

The SkyLaser line from ComNet consists of an easy-to-install, pre-packaged point-to-point kit that contains everything you need to establish a fully symmetrical gigabit Free Space Optical link. Two kits are available, supporting transmission distances up to 1,500 meters.

Unlike the diminishing throughput of an RF wireless system, SkyLaser units support full duplex gigabit throughput up to the maximum operating range. There is no degradation in system performance due to external noise or radar transmission. The industrially hardened units with gigabit Ethernet interfaces offer the options to be powered by a PoE switch or the supplied mid-span power injector.

This manual serves the following ComNet Model Numbers:

FSO1GLRFSO1GSR

INS_FSO1G(L,S)R_REV– 03/16/16 PAGE 2

INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FSO1G(L,S)R

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About This Guide

This guide is intended for different users such as engineers, integrators, developers, IT managers, and technicians.

This manual describes how to install and maintain the FSO1G system.

Step-by-step procedures describe:

» Performing a site inspection and review

» Preparing an installation site

» Performing a physical installation

» Performing system connection and alignment

» Checking the system for proper operation

» Performing troubleshooting procedures

Related Documentation

The following documentation is also available:

» FSO1GLR and FSO1GSR Datasheets

» SkyLaser Brochure

» FSO Link Considerations White Paper

Website

For information on ComNet’s entire product line, please visit the ComNet website at www.comnet.net

Support

For any questions or technical assistance, please contact your sales person ([email protected]) or the customer service support center ([email protected])

Safety

» Remove power from the system before removing the link head from its bracket.

» There are no serviceable parts within the units and the link heads should not be opened in the field.

» There are hazardous circuits within this product. Only ComNet service personnel can service the equipment. Please contact ComNet Technical Support.

» The equipment should be installed in locations with controlled access, or other means of security, and controlled by persons of authority.

» All persons having access to this equipment must observe all standard precautions as defined in applicable national statutory health and safety legislation.

Warranty

ComNet warrants this product against faulty materials or workmanship under the terms of our current Standard Warranty & Support Agreement provided that the product was purchased directly from us or from one of our authorized resellers. Please contact ComNet regarding the specifics on the warranty.



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Contents

About This Guide 2

Related Documentation 2

Website 2

Safety 2

Warranty 2

Overview 5

Legal Information 5

1.0 Introduction 6

2.0 FSO1G FSO 7

2.1 System Overview 7

2.2 Applications 7

2.3 Data Transmission 7

2.4 Optical Transmission 7

2.5 Optical Receiver 8

2.6 Autonomous alignment 8

2.7 FSO1G Parameters 8

3.0 FSO1G Equipment 9

3.1 FSO1G Assembly 9

3.2 Mechanical Mounting Bracket 10

3.3 FSO1G Telescope 10

3.4 FSO1G Power Supply 11

5.0 FSO1G Webserver settings 13

5.1 Webserver | Summary 14

5.2 Webserver | Align 15

5.3 Webserver | Admin 16

6.0 FSO1G Installation 17

6.1 Mount the FSO1G bracket to the pole 17

6.2 Mount the FSO1G enclosure to the alignment bracket 18

6.3 FSO1G Course Alignment 18

6.4 FSO1G Fine Alignment 22

6.5 FSO1G Network Integration 24

6.6 After Installation Checks 25



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7.0 SNMP Monitoring 26

8.0 Laser Safety 26

9.0 Troubleshooting 27

10.0 Reset Default Configurations 28



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Overview

Legal Information

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic and mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of ComNet.

Copyright

Copyright © 2016 Communication Networks, LLC (dba ComNet). All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

ComNet reserves the right to make changes in specifications at any time without notice.

Information in this document is provided in connection with Communication Networks LLC, (ComNet) products as a service to our customers and may be used for information purposes only. ComNet assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in these materials. ComNet may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. ComNet makes no commitment to update the information and shall have no responsibility for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to its specifications and product descriptions.

No license, express or implied or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in ComNet’s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, ComNet assumes no liability whatsoever.

These materials are provided as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, relating to sale and/or use of ComNet’s products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for particular purpose, consequential or incidental damages, merchantability, or infringement of any patent copyright or other intellectual property right. ComNet further does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information, text, graphics or other items contained within these materials. ComNet shall not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result from the use of these materials.

ComNet products are not intended for use in medical, lifesaving or life sustaining applications. ComNet customers using or selling ComNet products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify ComNet for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale.

Product names or services listed in this publication are for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks of third parties. Third-party brands and names are the property of their respective owners.

ComNet believes the printed matter contained herein to be accurate from date of publication and reserves the right to make changes as necessary without notice.



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1.0 Introduction

This document describes the ComNet’s FSO1G Free Space Optic (FSO) range of point-to-point wireless links. It is focused on the system functions, installation and fault finding. This document covers both FSO1GSR and FSO1GLR versions of the product.

Figure 1 : FSO1G FSO

The FSO1G range of Free Space Optic (FSO) products is a leading edge world class, point-to-point wireless link designed for high capacity backhaul links. Significant advances in technology has allowed ComNet to develop a system that is superior in performance and transmission.



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2.0 FSO1G FSO

2.1 System Overview

The FSO1G range of FSO products uses infrared optical lasers to communicate data between two points wirelessly. Very high bandwidths are supported with no interference from other microwave equipment. Being completely license exempt worldwide, this makes it an ideal solution for short haul, very high capacity wireless links.

2.2 Applications

Free Space Optic technology can be used in the following applications:

» Enterprise LAN environment

» Military

» Alternative to licensed microwave

» Temporary connections

» Disaster recovery

» Alternative to optical fibre

2.3 Data Transmission

The FSO1GSR uses a single laser for short distance links (<600M). The FSO1GLR uses multiple lasers to transmit the data wirelessly over longer distances (<1500M). This has the added advantage that multiple paths are transmitted to the adjacent receiver. This will ensure better transmission through adverse atmospheric conditions.

The FSO1G units transmit and receive at the same time, making this a true Gigabit Full-duplex link.

The data rate is not affected as long as the product is used within its range limitations.

A very narrow optical beam is used which makes data communications very secure and impossible to tap into.

2.4 Optical Transmission

Each unit features one or four laser(s) in the system depending on the model for free space communications. Each laser is connected to an aspheric optical lens system via an optical fiber filter. This ensures uniform shaped optical beams which improves stability and performance. The infrared lasers used are high powered VCSEL lasers which are best suited for cost, performance, speed and reliability. The lasers operate at 850nm wavelength which is in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. The lasers used are eye safe so pose no risk to humans.



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2.5 Optical Receiver

A highly sensitive Avalanche Photodiode (APD) is used for the detector. The combination of aperture stops and a Fresnel lens enables the receiver to be very immune to any other stray light which may cause interference to the system.

The received signal is sent through a clock and data recovery unit. This ensures good integrity and that the system conforms to standard optical interfaces. ComNet’s detector technology does not saturate when the link is installed over short distances, making it ideal for very short or very long distance applications. No additional power control is required and therefore makes the installation and support easy. For the FSO1GLR units a short range setting is available in the web GUI which can be used for links under 600M and will provide for easier alignment.

2.6 Autonomous alignment

(Only for units with this option) Autonomous alignment ensures that the slow movement of buildings and masts due to temperature fluctuations are absorbed automatically within the system. The system counteracts these movements by constantly following the position of the highest signal. This reduces maintenance and support over longer periods and improves availability.

2.7 FSO1G Parameters

This list describes the basic feature list of the equipment.

» Range: FSO1GSR -Up to 600 Meters

› FSO1GLR -Up to 1500 Meters

» Throughput: 1000Mbps (Full Duplex)

» Transmission Wavelength: 850nm

» TX Power: FSO1GSR - +10dBm

› FSO1GLR - +16dBm

» Sensitivity: -38dBm

» Availability: Up to 99.999%

» Wind Load: Operating 200km/h, Survival 250km/h

» Lasers: FSO1GSR - One VCSEL laser

› FSO1GLR - Four VCSEL lasers

» APD Optical Detector



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3.0 FSO1G Equipment

3.1 FSO1G Assembly

The FSO1G transceivers are made up of the following parts:

» FSO1G enclosure and electronics

» FSO1G bracket

» U-Bolts

» Sunshield

Figure 2 : FSO1G FSO

The sunshield ensures good thermal management of the system, but also prevents snow from settling on the front aperture.

The enclosure and electronics are sealed and there are no serviceable parts in the unit. The sunshield and bracket have to be assembled as part of the installation.



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3.2 Mechanical Mounting Bracket

To reduce cost and installation time, the FSO1G equipment has been designed to attach to a vertical pole of a diameter range of 100mm to 150mm with a recommended wall thickness of at least 3mm-5mm. A thicker wall thickness of the pole will improve stability of the system.

Figure 3 : FSO1G Bracket

It is recommended that the FSO1G device be installed on the lowest possible section of the pole to ensure the best stability. Additional mounting brackets are also available.

Operational use of the FSO1G course alignment bracket is described in the following sections.

3.3 FSO1G Telescope

The FSO1G telescope is used to course align the unit initially. The telescope is fully integrated inside the housing.



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3.4 FSO1G Power Supply

The FSO1G is powered with a standard 48-57VDC IEEE 802.3af PoE interface. The maximum consumed power is 6 Watts for the FSO1GSR and 12 Watts for the FSO1GLR which allows it to be directly powered from a standard PoE switch with sufficient power specifications.

The FSO1G is provided with the ComNet CNGE1IPS high performance industrial PoE+ injector as shown below.

Figure 4 : FSO1G PoE+ Injector

The CNGE1IPS is connected to a 110-240VAC power input whereby a 56VDC IEEE 802.3at PoE compliant output is generated. A 10/100/1000Mbps network switch/router interface can be connected to the DATA IN port on the CNGE1IPS injector. The DATA & POWER OUT port is then connected via an FTP CAT5 or better cable to the FSO1G power & management port.

ATTENTION: It is important to use shielded FTP cable for the cable that connects to the FSO1G PoE and DATA & POWER OUT port. This will ensure correct operation of the unit.



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4.0 FSO1G Power UpTo power up the FSO1G transceiver for the first time. Connect the PoE power supply using an FTP cable linking the FSO1G PoE interface and the power supply as illustrated below.

Figure 5 : FSO1G Power Connection

The PoE power supply is then connected to 110-240VAC mains power (you can also power the devices from any PSE which meets the IEEE 802.3af standard).

After the system has initialised which takes about 30 seconds, bars one and ten on the LED bar graph mounted on the back of the unit will start flashing if the units are not aligned. This indicates that the units are out of alignment and that the data port is currently disconnected. These LEDs will flash until the signal strength is above 30 RSSI at which point the bar graph will then switch to operate as normal and will indicate the received optical signal strength.

Note: After initial power up the LEDs may take 1-2 minutes to settle.

The FSO1G webserver can be accessed which will supply more information on the equipment.



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5.0 FSO1G Webserver settings

The FSO1G has an integrated webserver used for fault-finding and general set-up.

The default network settings for the FSO1G are as follow:

» IP Address: 192.168.10.1

» Username: admin

» Password: admin

The following is an overview of the webserver menu system.

The webserver can be accessed by using a browser like Chrome or Firefox and typing in the IP address of the FSO1G unit as the URL.

Once this has been typed in, the following login screen is displayed in the browser.

Figure 6 : FSO1G Webserver login screen

At the top right corner, the following information is displayed.

» The Model

» Serial Number

» Firmware Version



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5.1 Webserver | Summary

This screen gives an overview of the sensors incorporated in the FSO1G. The FSO1G embedded environment monitors all the board and laser temperatures, power supplies and relative orientation and acceleration. Should any sensor value be out of the standard specification, the specific sensor will be high-lighted in red. If the link is not down, this can be an indication of an unlikely component failure. Please communicate this to your local ComNet office for assistance.

The signal strength will be marked in green once it is above the minimum threshold. If it is below the minimum threshold, it will be marked in red. This is an indication that the units are misaligned and that alignment of the FSO1G units is required.

Figure 7 : FSO1G Webserver | SUMMARY



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5.2 Webserver | Align

This menu option is responsible for the fine alignment functionality of the FSO1G which is described in more detail later.

Figure 8 : FSO1G Webserver | ALIGN



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5.3 Webserver | Admin

The Admin page is used for configuring the IP settings and password change.

The Client Name settings are specific to the functionality of the ComNet online monitoring service and can be set when the FSO1G is externally monitored via the ComNet NMS.

Figure 9 : FSO1G Webserver | ADMIN

The internal software can be upgraded to the latest version by selecting the ‘Firmware upgrade’ option. Please ensure that you have the latest software before continuing with this step.



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6.0 FSO1G Installation

The following steps are recommended to successfully install the FSO1G FSO unit. The full description of these steps follows in the next section.

1. Mount the FSO1G brackets to a suitable sturdy pole. Ensure that while fixing the bracket to the pole that there is enough horizontal and vertical adjustment for the course alignment and that you can position your head behind the unit to correctly see through the alignment telescope.

2. Mount the FSO1G Enclosure to the bracket.

3. Power on the units by plugging the FS O1G unit into the PoE injector or PoE switch.

4. Perform the course alignment on both units.

5. Fix the screws on the adjustment bracket so that the unit cannot move.

6. Perform the fine alignment.

6.1 Mount the FSO1G bracket to the pole

The preferred pipe diameter for the FSO1G bracket is 110 mm but the bracket has been designed to fit any standard pipe with a diameter between 100 mm and 150 mm. The U-Bolts are included in the box for a standard 110 mm diameter pipe. For other pole diameters additional U-Bolts may be required.

Important: The FSO1G units require a very stable environment to operate correctly. The pole being used should ideally be a short pole that is securely bolted to a fixed structure as shown in the images below (showing optional mounting kits that are available). Poles such as lighting columns and thin CCTV columns are not considered as suitable mounting locations as they will potentially move by quite large amounts during high winds causing unstable operation.

If in doubt about your intended installation location please contact ComNet technical support prior to mounting the equipment.

FSOBKT1 sidewall mounting bracket

FSOBKT2 sidewall mounting bracket with 1.5M pole

FSOBKT3 pedestal mounting bracket



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6.2 Mount the FSO1G enclosure to the alignment bracket

The FSO1G comes with the enclosure bracket already fitted. This bracket should never be removed since it is critical to the correct operation of the unit.

Figure 10 : FSO1G mounted to a pole

The course alignment bracket has a mounting shoulder that fits into the FSO1G enclosure bracket. Ensure that these align well before fastening the screws.

6.3 FSO1G Course Alignment

In conjunction with the integrated telescope, the course alignment bracket is used to course align the FSO1G units.



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Figure 11 : FSO1G course alignment bracket

The following bracket components have these specific functions:

Component Function

Mounting Nut This nut is used for fixing the bracket to a sturdy pole.

Horizontal Adjustment Screws These screws are used for adjusting the horizontal alignment of the FSO1G unit.

Clamp Plate This plate clamps the FSO1G. When fixed it is used to ensure that the unit does not move again in the Vertical position.

Mounting Shoulder The Mounting Shoulder fits into the telescope bracket which is a permanent fixture of the FSO1G.

Vertical Adjustment Screws These screws are used for adjusting the vertical alignment of the FSO1G unit.

Table 1: Course alignment bracket components

Before starting with the following steps ensure that power is connected to the unit. Bars one and ten on the bar-graph will illuminate and flash once power is connected and the system has initialised.

Loosen the horizontal and vertical adjustment screws on the bracket so that it is possible to adjust the unit up and down, left and right. For easier alignment, the screws should not be completely loose otherwise it will be difficult to set the adjustment later on. There should be a slight resistance to pushing the transceiver up, down, left and right. It’s good to start where the unit is



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loose and slowly tightening the adjustment screws until resistance to movement is felt.

Looking through the telescope, adjust the FSO1G by pushing on the box with your hands until the opposite mounted FSO1G can be seen through the telescope. Now, adjust the FSO1G until the crosshair of the telescope is on the opposite mounted FSO1G. Spending some time here will make the rest of the installation easier. While doing the adjustments, take notice of the bar-graph mounted at the back of the unit.

Figure 12 : FSO1G Course alignment Bracket

Any optical signal that is picked up from the opposite side will be shown on the bar-graph. It is possible to have all 10 bars in the bar graph illuminated with this step. If not, adjust until at least a signal of 6 bars is shown. This will simplify the installation later on.

The bar-graph will start to display the strength of the optical signal once it reaches above 30 RSSI (3 bars on the display).

When the signal is below 30 RSSI the bar-graph will flash LEDs 1 and 10 to indicate that the data port has been disconnected.



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Figure 13 : FSO1G Bar-Graph Display



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6.4 FSO1G Fine Alignment

Access the FSO1G web server and navigate to the ‘ALIGN’ button which is shown at the top. This will bring up the fine alignment functions of the unit as shown below.

Figure 14 : FSO1G Fine Alignment

By clicking on the up, down, left and right arrows, the internal mechanics and electronics will adjust the floating optical system.

At the top of the screen, there is a bar-graph indicating the signal strength that is received by the opposite unit. This is a non-linear scale ranging from 0-100. Anything below 40 can be seen as a very low receive signal or optical noise. It is therefore recommended to have a minimum signal strength indication of at least 60 before starting the fine alignment process.



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If one of the arrows are pressed and the signal strength drops, it is recommended to immediately press the opposite arrow to correct for the misalignment. For example, the left arrow is pressed and the signal strength dropped from 60 to 52. Immediately press the right arrow, the signal strength should now be back at 60.

If an arrow button was clicked and the signal strength increases continue pressing the same arrow until the signal strength starts dropping again. Once this happens, immediately click the opposite arrow.

This process can be repeated for the vertical and horizontal arrows until the maximum signal is received.

It is expected at 1.5km range that the maximum receive signal should be about 80 or more.

Less than 1km ranges should have a full signal measurement of 95-100.

For distances below 600M it is recommended that you tick the "Enable Short-Range Alignment" box as this will lower the optical output power and make the system easier to align on shorter links.

If you require a link length of below 150M please contact ComNet technical support as this may require assistance to achieve operation due to the highly sensitive detectors that are used in the device which can pick up reflections from the opposing unit even when over 100M away.



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6.5 FSO1G Network Integration

The final integration step is where 1000Base-TX data interface is connected to the network equipment. This data interface can also be factory ordered as a multi-mode or single-mode optical interface depending on the model ordered. The default option is a 1000Base-TX Electrical interface.

The interface speed setting is fixed on 1000 Mbps.

Figure 14 : FSO1G Integrated Components

If the received optical signal falls below 30 RSSI the system will automatically disconnect the 1000Base-TX interface. This allows for remote indication of the link failure via the attached Gigabit switch or router and also allows for any redundant equipment such as a 5 GHz microwave system to know that the link has failed and switch over to the backup path.



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6.6 After Installation Checks

The following checks can be done to ensure that the FSO1G installation was done correctly. This table can be printed for each installation and used as an installation quality inspection template.

Step Action to Take Status

1 Ensure that the horizontal and vertical bracket screws are all tight.

2 Ensure that the U-bolts are clamped and that the nuts are tight.

3 Check that the signal strength is more than 80 on both ends. 80 corresponds to 8 bars on the bar-graph mounted at the back.

4 Ensure that the connector glands are sealed.

5 Inspect the unit for any visible damage that may have been caused by the installation.

6 Open the web-server interface, and refer to the Summary. There should be no red highlighted sensors. If there are any red marked sensor readings, consult the trouble shooting section.

7 Use cable ties to ensure that the cabling cannot be disturbed by strong winds.



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7.0 SNMP Monitoring

The FSO1G equipment can be monitored from a third party tool that support SNMP v2c. Typical parameters that can be monitored are:

» RSSI signal level

» Lasers state

» APD temperature

» Laser temperatures

» Power supplies

» Power supply temperatures

The ComNet-FSO1G MIB files are provided on request and can be used to enable comprehensive monitoring of the equipment

8.0 Laser Safety

The FSO1G Free Space Optic comply with international laser safety standards. The specific standard is:

IEC 60825 Class 1M

A Class 1M laser is safe for all conditions of use except when passed through magnifying optics such as microscopes and telescopes. Class 1M lasers produce large-diameter beams, or beams that are divergent. The MPE for a Class 1M laser cannot normally be exceeded unless focusing or imaging optics are used to narrow the beam. If the beam is refocused, the hazard of Class 1M lasers may be increased and the product class may be changed. A laser can be classified as Class 1M if the power that can pass through the pupil of the naked eye is less than the AEL for Class 1, but the power that can be collected into the eye by typical magnifying optics (as defined in the standard) is higher than the AEL for Class 1 and lower than the AEL for Class 3B.



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9.0 Troubleshooting

In general, if power is connected to the FSO1G and the receive signals are above the minimum threshold of 60, the issue is most likely due to other factors such as:

» Cabling issues

» Network problems

» Installation errors

To confirm any problems with the FSO1G, the integrated web interface can be accessed. On the summary page any problems with the FSO1G will be high-lighted in red. If all measurements are within system limits, then none of the sensor measurements are high-lighted and it is expected that the unit is functional.

The following is a list of potential network related problems:

Network fault Description of problem Solution

Poor data signal on 1000Base-TX data interface

Intermittent/no data transmission with high BER ratios

Change patch cable

PoE FTP cable length too long Intermittent communications on the management interface.

Reduce cable length to less than 100m or use a ComNet Extender to increase the range.

Optical Wireless Signal is low (< 60 is considered low)

High BER ratios with intermittent communications

Re-adjust the alignment

No LED on the bar-graph Indicates a power problem to the unit

Check the PoE power supply connections



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10.0 Reset Default Configurations

To reset the management interface parameters requires the following.

1. Switch off the power to the FSO1G.

2. Place the FSO1G face down on its face.

3. Power on the FSO1G and wait until LEDs one and ten on the bar-graph LED display illuminate as solid red.

4. Put the FSO1G in an upright position and cycle the power to the device.

5. Wait for the power to come on.

6. Refer to the Webserver configuration section to log into the FSO1G using the default parameters.

The FSO1G is equipped with a tilt sensor that is mainly used as an orientation reference, but is used in this case to reset the default configuration parameters.

For the Reset Default to be implemented the Z axis of the tilt sensor must be between -30 and +30.

The current tilt sensor values can be found at the bottom of the summary page.

Note: The tilt sensor values are not displayed in real time. The values are updated approximately every 10 minutes or on power start up.



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