Franklin D. Roosevelt - "The Great Communicator"

The Master Speech Files, 1898, 1910-1945

Series 2: " You have nothing to fear but fear itself:" FOR and the New Deal

File No. 862

1936 June 10

Little Rock, AR - Address

8PI:Ie:K or !111 PUUDD!

LI tn.& llOCI , AJll:loJIAI

RIJISSDI.Y, J'UWt 10, 18M

I.EADIJocon

r or - tbJ.a bu beu a &lorlou. 4&7. ft1la I

lla1'1 bHa1a 1JI.• &tat• of £rl:all•u bator• 1JI.la, •r rtatu 11&1'•

tlrn oll.aAM I 11&1'1 ba4 '$o "' Ult Uatt at Dlo"r r~, 11.114

oourt"J ot true ArkiJI&&a b.o•pUall tr.

I b.Ut IIU JOUJ' parka - I ba.Tt l tlll tht bMv.t)'

o f J'O\IZ 11011111\t.lllt &114 rl'l'lrt. ~ .. cu olaJA ···rr warr-.t~t t or U.• ... .,...._. "AUla~ ·~r a t att.• U h doubl7 a

•Ub tbd:r p&l'\ ot \be oowr.\l'f, Ul4 \ba\ \h \nruorr lJ1DC

"'' ot U. M1nhdpp1 1• all Yl:tY IMw, I .. OIJ'\&1111 \b.a\ U

lpl.atah uplor•r, ••t too\ 1ra .tl&\ 1• aow ~u. u l&l'ly

ArltUIU Po•t U tu b&ok U 1688.

ri:r•t, \IDUr tb• the ot rruo., tb• 70\UIC

••'U-at paa•M to C.• the ot 8pL1a, io b• noo•nM bJ

-•m • • poholl tor rranol 1rr. 1800, an4 tUI&lly bJ'O\!Cbt \llld.•r Jlal

••coUahd. tb.• pU.rcb.u• by 41rloUcD. ot Pl'IIU.••t ft-.

lttiiiC \lMI ~lui Ue1 wbloh tU s.p.J'or Ia paleo• ha.cl 1D a

ooal1UOD ot llollile Du'ope .. pcntiJ'Io had. \hi OCII.U'I,JI W &011

toT th1 "--t1 t ot thl 0111 11*'- nat .. 1'1 Uout th1 tall u4

UDalli- ~J~pro•al ot ...-err -l>n ot tbe lltfal prote•doa.

•• 11M tole bJ ... ot hil olo .. u ad.91ectJ'I u4 trli:D4a that

crut Clb.uhT ot ronmaeat, IW) .. oOIIl.C b1 uno111d. Jlttenoa

J'lpl114 tb.l.t \hen "rl oert.J.D lnh~reot quallUe1 ot 111'1"erelgn.ty

wblob. oovl4 IW)t bl ll'pU"Ih4 t:oa I Fe41ral 0091~11, 1t l'llOh

• F.Ural Oo9•~t ... pe~Ur to ezaOu.Je; tv.rtMmoz-1, 1:t

throue\1 Ull llall\ ODDgHII approprh.\14 tbl -DIJj DObo4)-

0UT114l tb1 OUI to Ull a..tpl'- Cov.r\j U1d, U I J'llult0 Lo\1.111&11&

u4 £rtauu u4 lll1aecm.r1 M4 lowe. u4 lll111AH0~ aa4 huu aD4

lloatua aD4 lor~ Dakota M4 lou~ o..to\a u4 tba lNIIr porUou

of 1)'0.111& u4 Oolora4o an4 labrulta aDd. Otlabo .. tly tb.a 8tu1

aD4 ltrlpll 'todaf.

Tbl b.ard7 pio11Hra, wbo p~pll4 £rhalu aDd. 1&14

rapabllo...,fo~.

1 ha'tl 110t tb.l U•l DOr 11 U lliOIU&I'T 'to follo•

£rltaa.u 1ato t'ha Utl.lo11 ollly a fn 4ap len tb.&a 0111 tnmdrad.

ya!U'I •· fta\ J'IN of &Ua1DIIt llt Of lt&\tll.oo4 bJ A.rb.IIIU 11

u Uportut o•e 111 Aaer1oan 1!.11\0ry, aot 10 .oil. *-• U

•u aarlte4 by a Prnldelltllll alaoUOD. bu.t baoa&U~I 183& wu Ur.a

lut tv.ll y&N of tba Prn14elloy of ~· Jaoltaoa.

It 1a 110t • HbocNt tM P"''"" Uatoztoal

11p1flo_. that A.rllanau wu racahad. 111\':1 thl tn:1.1011 ill 1836,

Jaoll:aoa' l rnat work tor tile oo~tr7 wu ..,pnaohl~~& oo-platton.

uerol" ot Ul ext..-ord..Uauy Wlu.e11o0e ~~~ tbe a~ ...S

op11dou of the ....,. of b.h OOIIDt i'JIMII..

llbea D II:UUIU be- a lt&t l O'IIJ' u.Uoll&l lOTI~

aeat n.e .,, qu.1te f l ftJ' ,. ...... , old. Oba.rle• Oa.r:roll of

pae .. d ata.oe Yebete: bad. clelhued the replJ' to M&yu. -..a

Go had followH. ... b.UICCOJl throu,p tlle llnoluUo». ""' to be

foun4 111 •••I'Y -..at tJ' aM tbe NDDeu 1.114 :lOde of tbe ploaeer

period '11'6n t he order of Aaerl o.n life, ADd.:&' ... J aot1011., tbl

ooate.porarr 1.114 00\IUillor or the .ut....u plouen o! 1836,

...U hh -.e a.oroee the tu."hl 1pp1 la tbe ~1C~1'111C at1t1 of

!lane••••· aD4 -.. II:Qot!D to tb.l .UII:111.1ane of tU\ 4&1 u a fellow

froDUena.a.a who had ourltd 1ato \hi Pr1111111101 th011 ad&hborl r

1111t1110b of tlle fro11Uer • h1oh N4l poealbll the fhet trul.J'

llMooraUo ..S.laletn.Uon la OIU 11.1etorr.

Tbe older I S1'01f 1.114 t b.l -are l r ead hletorr , tbe

aore l retllot v;poa the 1Dfl..-noe o! the .. a aDd e1'eat e of OAI

UUOII n laaYe 1101; fU 1;o ... )1::. tiii.1Yt r .. J. toel:uoaUOI:I ... 11,01; J't1;

c-.lcat10D. fullr "hbl1tb.e4; ~ d1:ft1CJU.lU" prt1't4U4 1;be

u.c1. botletUJ uoaN. - lt1 the bearte of tbe b.Ubtrto eltot;

t o-called. or \he .t4trpr .. 4 appr.l:l.euloll tbat U U"01&1114 -~~~ tbot/ ' pu4h.A

tro. ,.erlou. polUlolll Ute, but U rill a.,.er be poulblt tor

IUl1 len&tb. ot Uae tor 1.117 lfl'Oilp ot tbt J.llerloa~:~ people, t Uhtr

br reuoa of weal\b OJ' lt.n.ltllf OJ' lDhtJ'U~ OJ' e-.-to pcnrtJ',

u .. lt tbe pol1Uclll - trol ot AaerlCQ publ1o llte.

tbt Mtr10&fl 4octJ'1.D.e tbat trt.ti'Witt tbe renerlll weUart to 110

oat croup or clan, bllt d.tdloattt 1ttelt to tbt tA4 that the

ft4l troat1tr ep1r1 t wb.tch bJ'C\16bt attl 1tlto the

1a 1ht1r coaqw~et ot tbe .. , t , lrt.tplred. 1a tl:l.e b.tut. Nl4

a1114t u.d. t-.lt ot tbott Mil a MW ld.tal of O'IU' u.Ucaal ~ra.or.

Pnhapt 1 t WQIIld. bt .or• u.aot w •&:J tb.at tbt troauer tplrt t

o.-ut4 a rtltbt;ll. o f the tarltu ld.tal ot tr" IOI'trMtat.

To thh ahlu:l,g..S ld.alal tb• raelpborly OOD.h.ot• of tb• f rorau•:r

II.OGtrlbu.t..S la UHral MUlln , 1M r'IIUM p10Mtr• b.dpa4 to

tula.loD. "-• ...., ~~.oaUoaal •p1r1t, !'be ..a who tuM UM wll4nu ..

lller•abcnlh "" p&rt ot a M • ..,,._t la our Mont- lll•.

l t _. 1D.4H4 • or1Uot.l - •t l"D Mnlour. 111.11tory

plouera atrodto aoroaa t.ha .&ll.p...uaa to ••UbUab. u • -

"alt11.8 Ut.a irt.&Aau, hi t bat bard. llta ot Uaa trODUar , W.re

tb4 ~nca&l qgalltha ot tba - aD4 -oot t b.a 1Mer1tuu ot

~:~uh or of property •r. t b.to .. uura ot worth, tna ~o:r•Uo

J01'.r~Yf~ll.t wu ,,,. •• lh cn.t .. t illp&tla,

•plrlt wb.lob. d .. p

ot a lllm4.rM r•an, • • •till r.oopi" u J&OUo

troDUer llte, were n.e epoDt;ueo\\8 J~Mlf"t;aUoa ol lb.• AMrlo&ll

To4kJ' t;hat llt• te sou. a. •tllpl.tou, u. l'&~~.hlaed.

chlllsat;loa aDd. n are ..ob. aDd. all of ue pub ot a eoolal .,...._ wlLloh

belne:, t;be •err e :.:let;eDOe ct Urg e uuabere ot our people, ba"'

could nn•r aloDe b&Ye obt.a.lnltd, OW' CCWlUT 1• lM"d JtU•l.A&:

pr o t;• ct.ors t.lm:Nclt. a perlod wb.loh 1e uqw.UT 1a aM4 ot ardu.l ...._._

O:! t;lae r t.p\8 ot t;lae - -.n, .. Ob.t.zl.lUUOD Of 1a4UUZ'J' .... &114 ... , producuol!/put; u..pueltllld. pour la '\be twld.e of ne tn,

_, .. lo .-11 put ot OW" probl- to4&J' 11 \0 brllll tt.t fN1 ta or tll1t

.. ohutaaUOD to t~ wbolt J>"Ph.

ftt .. U\U. ld tbt -..4 ku "• tilt --· ~ the

OqUlhaUot~ a t <MIIUJ' \0 •••t 1t. ftt buaaD t~tb,J of ov

peoph w.l.d. II&,. tOltra\K M0.111C ltll, co-Oil IIMI Will

loln-ah aotbhr( -H.

hlt-pTtn~~MJ~.t " -.et aM. tNJ.l ~atala •

.. pat U ~. 111. a ._,. whiob tnJT aaA Ul4 - ou. Wl4e"t.uld.;

loo&l CO"rt =--at .aat oo11Um~t to aot nu h.ll tr..a~ lll. -ut n

wbioh an pr1.ar1lF ot loo.l OOilOUD; OOIIZity ao•un .. ll.t ..ut

:r.Uil'l the tunou ont whioh loglo&lly qloag to \ht oouat r u11.U;

tt&tt IO'II r"Uell.tt ma.t &ll4 thall HWII. ttttt IO"'trtlpty O'l'tr

all \hHt aoUrtUtt ot goTtrueat ftloll etttoUYt lJ' aA4 t !!lolenUJ

ou. M .. t by \ht tt.&Wt.

lAt u u.l.Jit a lUt.lt f\u'Uier, bott ,.r - 1R1.7

wu a .tate I<JI'Inae~~t t at up la .Art....Mt ft.~ &U"I' h ~t

tU oolollitaUoa of \hll u.a h&4 rt&Oht4 tht pol.at wbert

llld.h'14wt.l ttUl ... IIU !l .. d.t4 a 1WIJ.!ONUJ of Ol'd.iD&DOII &Ad.

lan, 'l'bt J ottQd a otatral bod;r to ao· ... n. 1• uepeot to '~"

- 11-

IA t h• , .. , -.:r t.h• J'dn &l Olli0111t .. lt .,.. ors-1 .. 4

Wld•r • ~ ColuUtuUoa I Nom.• 1a th• 4&T1 t ollo.iQS tb• at?olv.Uoa 1 t -. d.1• oo• • ""'

wU boou"t&D.toolltlloh k t"'otheTbi rhea l t&tn t be .. •l" "• .... ~· OOa.tUW.Uu. aDd. a M U oa.tl or&UlilaUOD 'to t.U

ou• ot ~ p•...-ot kTOD6. 8i>'";>k.;lln;;o;••.;•o;•;.;•;,q-;;;,;;"';,;"'"'

,.,,,. ~ 4u 1"4 tor t l:l• ooatUiu.&Uoa ot the" tv.a4-at&l

tornr4, btl11Ylfll u tl:le o• u • tl.wla1D.J _,ortt1 ot -.rloaa.t

•••t an<l b•U•••• that U l e 1ahD.I1w4 tO/tit t l:le uu1113 ph1doal, ...

reqv.irtaS~.U eo!U'rol:ltV.I •oo-lc aM •oolal ~ thoat ...,...,...,.,,..,._,*_eta15 t a

t!l.la JML8raUoa.

llto"t.h oae ot tba •,.tlollcaJ. t1gw-a1 wl:ll olr. pud.t

11 put 1P p:rolocv.e. • ., __________ ., __

. __ ..._....... n ... ob.aDS• Wt ...a1ebu1 c

p:robl - r~a th• , ... ,. a. -.aat '"k • u w app:roaoh to tbaU

tGluUoa .ben old. ~roaolt .. fall hi•. ft1 roar of \b.l a.t:rplaDe

U1 replaaM Uti :ru.ble ot t be 001'1Nd. ""COD. &Ad til.• tront1n1

-=---"'It 1• M 11U• tor aa .-, M U wu tor t ll.e

UaU1nn 0: 1:1116 OUNU to 1pon t he ho\1 of pbylloe o:r tbe

,..._,.. _nx_....,.,. ............. , .. ,.T...,.._.,

put all eeoUonal UMtattena and • J:tlnd. OYer tb1 YUt bree4tb

of 0\l:r wbol• ~. P:r1c• l, .... I, boW'• of lUoor , 001141UCIIU

&I D. of their con1tUuUoual ~1o11.t1ee of Uti, llblrtr, and.

l'lfllotK witb the epeK ot ll&bt fn:. Kalu to Oalltonu. -

lr•~iact.o ..,_, 1oln, !b.• uw ~ to tbale probl- -.:r DOt M

otu .. or oa .a1:11 ot tb• t ara l&l'lda ot t" m.tloa, w• !mow

Ul4 ua4er-prt•1bt:•• I!' l ocal ~:o••r-t, 1t Sta" I OOfera.e.at ,

r H.IOMbb att.er axertlac n•rr/effort, h Ulll.ble to bettu thet.r

cOOWUtiou, to raiaa or r•ator e tbetr purebaal.DC power, thea

that 1t 11 no coacarD or th• utlon~~l IO••n~a&nt i t .. lt.

•• know tha t equality or 1ndh14ual ab1Utr baa DeYer

aJ:htH and ne•er wi ll, but • • 1n~1at that equality or oppor -_,

tUDJ.tr --·•t1U/H aoUt:ht. "• mow that equaUtr ot l ocal

Juatlce h, alaa, notr•tal'l•atabUahtdt•ct; tl:liaalao 1•

• 10d ... .uat and do .leek .

aohl••••Dt.l or the Aaar1oa.D p101l•en , AOt ••r•lJ' tho•• wbo

u

UQD.ua baa CiY..,_ ~ d.htbc•ahb~ - to tb-.

lloU.I.OGJ bu.t, at t'r11Dds , I nAt ~ taU 7 011 1'1r"J' IU.plJ' IIDd

no. th. Mart, th.u 1D the ... una ot ou:r 41tt1CNJ.t PJ'Obl .. •

ot tod.q, DO .. n d.aael"l'U auater cndlt tor 10711 de.,.oti oa to

I CUlt CIU.II than rq old t'l'iend &D4 IUOCiata , Senator Rob!.JU(JI].

Ka;:r I r apN.t ~ bJ.s torleal IU.ldal "l'bat U put

1a prolo,ua. • lts -ardnl; 11 DOt obSCUH. Out ot the ttOIT

of Nllk1n411 10111& a truq:la to 10"''"' htasaU, • • tbollld le&n:~

lauona -.ta.lch w1.ll pida ua i n aol•tne: tba probl.aaa -.hteb

M H t \11 tod.IJ'.

tha trontla r, 11 •• baYa baen r acall.lnl it 111 tbll

rapid -ur•q ot tba plantinl; of na• tUt u , hal t oranr pu std;

but tt hu t.tt a perwanllll.t t.pr1!1t 1.1.p011 OW" p:al1Ueal llta

-.ad CKU' .octal ou.t.looll:. ~ Wan•ra Pronuar t ro. JacJtaoa.•a

tiM and tba a~utoa of Uk.uaaa a bund.r't4 , .... , aco, down to

tba ~ld«l of t.M l a at a t.&taa wlth1..a rac.at ._,f'J', pl"'dllc..S

a conttant l'ltl:laina.nca or the prtnclple or rr .. I01'1rM8D.t. !b.a

l1baral t.andenci n of those, .tlo tor 1111r l;r 1 cant\UT •• baYs

call-.! wr Wuta nr. n a tuattD, hu·a bMD. ao.tiael too litUa

Wldautood 1D tba older, -r• oonaernU• • latt. It"'~

to ••t up a •ocial ea•u, haec!. upon wealth, or ..tueation, or

tlllail.7, or t1une1al. ponr.

•• 1t1U f'i.M. 1nsp1r&t10D. f'or tbt work Mf'on u1 1A tht

oU tp1r1t 'llbieb at&Dt teb.ien.tat thrw&b lllt'-rtlitACIJ: •

~b no l'tult of' h11 owa. Upon tho" pr1Ae1pl•• 01o1t

d-raq "' rabon a elllot\U'7' ICOJ: Upoll U'lo" pr1Ae1pl••

ADDRESS OF TKE PRESIDE!tT LITTLE ROCK, AR.UNBAS

June 10, 1936

Governor Futrell , mr friends or Arkansas:

For ae this has been a glorious d&)' ftnd this is

a mlendid cllmax. (Applause) While, u so!lle o! rou know,

I hAve been in the State or Ark&nena before thls, my visits

~ have been tooauch lllte those or a bird or pauage

and thle i s the first chance ,!hn! I have had to see the

State at closer range, and especially to enjoy the gener-

osi ty, the kindness and the courtesy of true Arkaneas hoe-

p1tallty.

I have seen your parka -- I have seen the (beauty)

~ ot your mountains and rivera . Yea, Arlt&naas can

claim every warrant tor the 1\llr:Je • wonder state•. (Applause)

It is doubly a privilege to meet you race to tace and to Join

w1 th you in the celebration or the one hundredth anniversary

ot the admission of this great State into the Union.

(Possibly) It h pouible that some ot our citl-

z.en• 'llho live in the original Thirteen Statu olong the At-

lantlc Seaboard II&J' haYe the natural idea that white •en

tlret became acquainted with their part ot the country, and

?b·a lw 11 tr~- r H:'UitOat notoa t: mede. L'nd lpe .1o:.. ..

oHe=:p"rn..'!e J'.ltl f pr1 .. red r ~

pore~ 1 ,_ ~ HOd.

• •c. 1t

• antboe.ee ll,j;h

tbe-1 •JlJ*U' in t_., _..~ .•• .,aa17 p:o ed I'Oad!q: oop7 toz;l.

- 2 -

that the territory l11:'1g west of the Ulaslaalppl la all

very new. I am certain that lt h not generally reallt.ed

back there in the East that Hernando De Soto, the tlreleea

Spanish explorer, aet root ln what 1s now Arkanaaa , aa

early ae the Year 1 541, more than halt a century before

the found11'18 of Jamestown and New Amaterdam and Plymouth;

nor the fact that the French explorers, l!arquette and

Joliet , coming southward from Canada, saw thle country

when the olv111z:atlon of the Atlantic Seaboard was still

ln ita lntanc;r. Nor han ther aufriclently been told thAt

the first aettle!llent under the nag of France was made un­

der the d1 rectlon of De Tonti at Arkansas Post as rar baO:.t

•• 1686.

Fira t under the tlag of Franco, the young settle­

ment ae we know paaeed to the n ag of Spain, t o be recov­

ered by Napoleon tor France tn 1900, and ttn&ll;r brought

under our own Amerlean nag by the Louh1ana Purchase (1n

1803) t hree Years later.

That Lou1dana Purchase has &lays had a apeol&l

a1gn1t1canoe ror 11e. I am 1ntereated 1n lt ror t&III.11Y rea-

eons beoau&e Robert R. L1v1ngaton, our lUnl&ter to France,

negotiated the 9urohau by 41reetlon or Presldent !'h~X~aa

- 3 -

Jett'enon -- and I auet ad!:llt that (he} Llrtngatan, who waa

ot Scotch descent , drove a very ehre1Jd bargain . (LAughter

and applause)

I am alae interested because President J etrereon,

aeelng the oo1:1plex1 tlea ?:hlch the Emper or Napoleon faced ln

a coalition or hoet1le European power s , had the courage , the

~. to act tor the benefit or the United Sta t u wlth-

out the Cull and unanimous &p!Jroval ot every member ot the

l egal proteul on . (LauC}lter and applause) Indeed, he wae

told b1 aocae or hla cloaoet advteere and trlende that the

Conat1tutlon ot the Unl ted State a contained no clause eroecl­

t lcallY authorl:tlng hlm to purchase or acquire additional

territory; and he waa told that because apecltlo authority

414 not exlat under that great Charter or government , none

could be exe rcised . J errereon replied that there "ere cer­

tain inherent quali tie a or sovereignty wl".l¢h could not be

eeparated rroo (a) the Federal Government, it euch a Fed-

oral Government wae pemanently t o endure; ~ rurthennore ,

he told thel!l tl'.at lt he dela)'ed, the E.::zperor or the French

• l gbt change hie mind and the great territory west ot the

I.Ussles l ppi River would be l oe t forever to Amerleo.n expan­

sion. Ke and Robert R. Livingston and J a::tee lla41son put

- 4 -

the treaty tor the purchase ot Lou1a1ana t~rough: .ot.nd the

next Congren appropriated the aoney to naY tor lt; and,

r.tY trlend.a , nobody carried the can to the Supreme Cour t;

(applause , lau(;hter) and, as a roault, Loulalana and Ar­

k.Aneaa and lUaaourl and Iof!'ll a.nd l.ltnnesota and Kansas and

Uontana and North Dakota and South Dakota and the larger

portions or 17yomln, D.nd Colorado and Nebraska and Oi'"..la­

homa , because or tha.t, !h!l fly the Stars and Strlpea

today. (Applauee)

The hardy ploneora 11hoc we comrqemgrgte, the neople

who peopl ed Arkanau and laid the !oun~atlona tor statehood

hero llt1d throughout the vast new docaln west or the Al.le­

ghenlea, brout;ht about a vert table renaissance or the prln-

olple or rree governoent upon tlhloh thla Republic was

rounded.

I have not the t1ae nor la lt neceesary to follow

the faac1nat1ne story in detail dol"n to tho adl:liulon of

Arktl.naas int o the Union only a few days leu than (one) ~

hundred year s ago . That year of attai nment of statehood by

Arkanaas is an important one ln Alllerl can history, not so

•uch because it ns marked by a Presidential election, but

because 1836 was the last tull year of the Presidency of

Andrew J ackson.

- 5-

It le not 111. thout the greatest h111tor1cfll dg­

nltlcance that Al"kanaaa wu rece1T0(1 into the Union in

18:56. Jackaon' • great wor~ for the country was ap~roaeh­

lnt cocplet1on. He wae 1n the full tide of hh r emarkable

potrera and ln the exerclae or an extraorcUnar:r lnnuence

upon the mlnde and opinions of the mass ot hie countrymen.

'lhen Arkanane becN:ile a State we cu11t reoeaber

~ our national govern11ent was not o.ulte tl!ty year • old.

Charlet Carroll or Carrollton, the last eurvlvlng signor or

the Declaration of Independence, had been dead only !our

yeara. {But) .Q!!!l six years had paseed since Webster had

del1 vered (the) h1e reply to HAyne. U:en who had followed

traahlneton thrCJ\Jgh the Revolution were to be round ln every

comounlty and the manners and mode or the pioneer (period)

were the order or A::!.ef'lcon lite. Andre• Jackson, the eon-

te:nporary and counsellor of the ArU.naaa p1oneera ot 18:56,

made h1e home noroaa the L!1aa1sa1pp1 1n tho neighboring

State or '!'enneeeee, and •a• known to the Arkansans or that

c!ay as a fellow front1eranan •ho had oarr1ed 1nto the Prea1-

denoy those neighborly 1net1ncta or the tront1er wh1ch made

pou1ble the t1ret truly de~:~ocrat1c ado1nhtrntion 1n our

history .

-. -The older I grow and the more I read hi story , the

lllONI I reflect upon the lnt'luerce of' the 11en a nd eventa or

one generation upon the Hre and thoUfht or the generations

that follow. A hundred years have passed dnoe Arkanaaa at­

tained atatehood ln thAt last year or Jackson ' • Preal.:lenct,

but throue;bout this century our America n pollt1cal lU'e has

flowed wlth the vi gor of a living etream becau se the sturdy

hand or Andrew Jackson denected 1 ta course from the etag­

nant marshes or a seaboo.rd ollsarohy into tho channels or

pure A::lerlean deaocracy. (Applauae)

Prior to J ac:uon ' a day lt may be Uld , wlthout

danc;er or exaggeration, that the l eadership or the Nation

waa, W1 th rare exceptlona, ln the hands or men who, by birth

or education, belonged to a comparati vel y small group - - (tor)

.and the reason (we have) !! not far to seek. Un!verhl edu­

cation wae not yet tully eatabllahed ln thoae dAYs; co~~:aunl­

catlon dlttlcultles prevented the dluemlrmtl on of newa ex­

cept ln the larger COCIIIIUnl tlea and along the D&ln avenuu of

tranaportatl on; the ve ry ballot waa , ln many a tatea , llrlllted

to thoae ( wi th) who had apeclal property qualltlcationa.

The wave of popular acclai• that swept Andrew Jack­

eon into hle high ottloe was the reeul t or the recognl tlon

- 7 -

by the people or the United Statu thAt the era or a truer

4eiiiOCI'1lCY ln their nat1onal 11te wae at hand. I need not

deeorlbe the d111Day that the election of Jackaon e.xolted -­

and honestly excited - - ln the hearta of the hitherto elect ,

or the w-14eapread apprehenelon that 1 t around among the eo­

called •guardian groupe• of the Republic .

Groupe auch as (these) those have never (wholly)

n!ll.l disappeared troo A.'llerlean pol1t1eal l1!e, but lt will

never be poulble for any length of tl::te for o.ny group of

the A:lerlcan people, either by rea•on ot wealth or learning

or lnherl tanee or economic power, to retain any mandate, any

per:u.nent authority to arrogate to lteelf the pol1tleal con­

trol of A::::lerlcan public 11te. (Applauae)

{Thle) ~ horltage, mY frlenda, we owe to

Jack•onlan democracy - - the A:llerlcan doctrine that entruata

the general welfare t o no one group or claae, but dedicates

1taelt t o the end that the AmericAn people •hall not be

thwarted 1n their high purpose to reE&1n the custodian• or

their own destiny.

'he frontier apirit (which) thAt brought men into

the Arltansaa wilderne•• • and later ••• to carry them even

further ln their conqueet or the \lest, i nspired 1n the het~.rta

- a -

and alnda and aoula of those 111en a new i deal. or our national

democracy. Perhaps it would be more exact to say that the

frontier IP1r1 t caused a rebirth or the earlier l deat. ot tree

goverr.ent. To (thh) that changed i deal the nelgbborlr con­

tacts or the fron tier contributed ln liberal measur e . (The

:rugged pioneers helped to fashion the new national spirit.)

'fhe men who tAllied the wllderneu hereabouts were part of a

new movement in our American lite .

It was indeed a crltloal moment ln (American) .2!!!

hllltory 'll'hen (in our early ne.t1ona.l period) the dauntleu

o.nd intrepid p i oneers strode aorou the Allegheni es to utab­

l1eh new cowt~onwealtha like Arkanao.a . In tha t hl\rd life or

the frontier, where the personal qualltlea of the ~en an4

not the lnherl tance or co.1te or or property were the ~eaaure

or 11orth, true democratic governr.~ent was f:lVOn 1 ts greatest

lmpetus.

In (the ) lh2.J.! early days ot the RepubUc -- those

days .men Arkansas became a ttate -- (our) you n nd I know

thAt Hre was elt~J)le. 'l'here ••• 11 ttle need or formal ar-

range111ente, or ot gov e rMent lntereat, or actlon, to lnaure

the soolal a nd .lh! economic well-being ot the American people.

In the Ute of the ploneer, eyapath1 and klncUy help, Ntady

- 9 -

cooperati on ln the accidents and !h! emergencies or ( the)

frontier lite, were the epontttneoue aanltesta.tlon ot (the) .2!!!'

Aoerlcan eplrlt . Without thee the conquest ot a continent

could never hl\ve been made .

f oday that llte 1a gone. Its thpllclt,.- hu v&n-

! shed aM. we are each and all ot ue , whether we like It or

..Q!U, parts ot a social olv111zatlon which ever tends to

greater coii!J)lex1t1 . (Latterly) And ln theu later daYs .

the l~erlled well- being, the very existence of larce nw:~-

bere or our people , have called tor measures or organized

goverment aeoletance which the 1110re spontaneous and per-

sontt.l prol:IJ:~tlnc• or a pioneer genero•l ty could never alone

have obtained. Our country h indeed passing throueh a

J'erlod which le urgently ln neod or ardent protector• or

the rights or the co::~on l:la.n. Uechanlutlon - - the t:lec.~an­

l oa or industry and lllft&a production have put unparalleled

po•er in the hands or the rew. No emall part or our prob-

le111 today 1a to brlng the rruite or thla mechanlzatlon and

mllse production to the (whole) people as a whole.

The measure or the need has been the meaeure or

t he organization neoeuary to 11eet i t. 'fhe huaan a)"lllpathy

or our people would have toler ated nothing laaa . Common

sense r.lll tolerate nothing •ore . (Applau .. )

- 10 -

Self-government we muat and shall maintain. Let

me put it thue, in a way which every man and woman c.an un­

derstAnd: Local government must continue to act with full

!reedoo in oatters which are criru.rily of local concern;

countJ govern::~ent auet retain the functions which logically

belong to the county unit; state government• must and shall

retain state sovereignty over all those activittes ot gov­

ern...,ent which effectively and efficiently oan be met by the

states.

Let {ue) ~ analyu a little further: (however)

Why was a state government set up ~ in .lrkaneaa? !hJ:,

the answer is that the coloniutlon or thh area had reached

the point where incH vidual settleaents needed a uni!oroi ty

ot ordinance• and laws. 'l'hey needed a central body to gov-

ern in respect to those things which had grown beyond the

scope or town government or county government .

In the ea.ce way the Federal {Union) ~

itself was organized under a Constitution because in the

days following the Revolution it was discovered tho.t a mere

122!..! Federation or i ndependent States was (auoh a) .!2

loose that it created (organization, trith) constant con­

flict between the Thirteen States themselves, ~ t hat o.

- 11 -

Cons titution and a national organit.ation waa needed to take

care or goveMUI.ent beyond and aorou State linea (waa a n ec­

neitr) .

The Constitution provided the beet instrument ever

derlaed f'or the continuation of' theae f'undaaental principles.

Under i tB broad purposes we (can a nd) intend to a nd we can

march f'Ol"'f&rd , believing, aa the ov erwhelming maJoritr or

Al:lerioana believe , that {it} the Constitutlon if intended to

meet a nd .!2 f it the amaz i ng physical, e conomic and social r e ­

quirements that confront ua in thia modern generation. (Ap-

plauae)

I t You have been in Washington recently you wtll

~ beneath one of the sy:tbol1CA1 figures w!lich guArds

the entrance to our g r eat new Archiv es Building (in 11aehing­

ton ia inscribed) this quotation rroa Shakespeare• e Tempest --

1\fha.t is past ls prologue. 1 Tl11ee change but man• a bftalc

problema r e!llain the SA'le. He muet seek a new approach to

their solution when old fi..PPro&chea fall him. 'rhe roar or

the airpl ane hna replaced t he rumble or the covered wagon

and the frontiers or (a) the ktleriC!!.n continent are spanned

in leu time ~ t han 1 t took to croee (an Arltanu.a eounty

in thou century old daya ) a aingle countY or ArkAneaa a

- 12 -

century ago . It ie idle tor us now, as it was for the flat ­

terers ot Iing Canute, to ignore the facts or physles o r the

eeonoraic and seci&l. consequences or ap'!)lled science.

These probleJu , with growing intensity, now flow

past all eectioMl l1ai tatlone. (and) !!:!..!:: extend over the

vast breadth or our whol e dooain. Prices, wages , hours or

labor, falr coa1)et1tion, oondltlons or eoplo)'llent, social

aecuri ty, in short the enJo~ent by &11 ~:~en and wo~:~en or

their constitutional guaranti es or lite , liberty and the

pursuit or happiness - - then questions , (so delicate 1n

their econo:t~1c balance that any change ln their statue ls

r e flected with the speed or light from U&.lne to California -

we are coa::tencing to solve) reflected Ylth the eoeed of light

fro:n the Atlantic to tho Paclrle, from the Canadian Border to

the Gulf of U:exlco, -- these orobleae Ye are todaY coamenclng

to solve . It le true thAt the new approach to theae proble~:~s

aay not be 1~ed1ately dlecernlble; but organization to mee t

huaan sufferlnR etln ne•er be predicated on the relaxation of

human effort. (Applause)

'lhether lt be ln the crowded tenements ot the great

c1 ties or on many ot the tars lands or the Nation , (we) ~

!..!!U ltnow t hat there dwell millions ot our fellow human

- 1:5-

beings who suffer from the klnd of poverty that epelle un­

demouriah!':lent and undflr- pr1v1lege . If local goverMent,

if StAte goverr.ent, after exerting every reasonable effort,

ls unable to better their conditions, t~ raise or restore

their purohae1n& power, then surely 1t 110uld take a foolish

and short- sighted man to say that 1t is no concern of' the

national govern.,ent itself. (A'l)plause)

We know that equality or lndlvldual ability has

never existed and never wlll, but we .ru! insist that equal­

ity or op'!)ortunlty s till must be sought .!.2!:· We know th&t

equality or local Justice i s, alae, not yet an eet11.bllehed

fact; this also ia a goal we 11ust and do eeek.

If we aeelc t o know whAt human effort can do in the

face or adYerelty, we shall ever tlnd lnsplratlon and guld-

ance Ln the aohleve::~.enta of' the A:aerlcan pioneers, not aerely

those Who founded the Nation, but those who extended 1 ta

boundaries from ocean to oceAn , or whom the flrst Arkansans

were the prototJpe,!.

A.rltanaas hae given 11any dlstlnrulehed aen to the

Natlon; but, my frlenda, I want to tell you ver;r siraply and

fro:ll. the heart, that in the meetinr or our d lftlcul t prob-

lema of today, no man deserves grea. t e r credit tor loyal

- 14 -

devo tion to a grent cauae or humanl tY t hnn my old rrte nd

and a .. oclat e, Senator Jouph ! . Roblnaon {or .A.rkanaaa) .

(Applause)

!lay I, ln cloalng, r epeat (the) ~ hlatorlcal

maXim: •What ia past is prolosue.• Ita meaning i a not

obscure. Out or the story or mankind's long s truggle to

govern (hll:uelr) i taelt , we should learn lenons which w111

guide ua in solVing the orobleoa which bent ua today.

The frontier, aa we have been recnlling it ln

thle rapid survey or the planting of new atatea, the !ron-

..!.!..!!; haa forever passed; but 1t haa l ett a permanent ill-

print U!)on our poll tical llte and .lJ.QQn our social outlook.

The Western Frontier !r.:)m Jackson' a tll!le {and) !ror.t the

admlaalon o r Arkanaaa a hundred year s ago , down to t he nd­

aiaaion or th~ laat atatea Within r ecent 11et110ry, produced

a constant renaissance or the p r inciple,! or tree goverl'lllent.

The liberal t endenci es ot those , who tor nearly a c entury

we h&ve c&lled our Western atatee11en, have been aoa&etimes

too little understood in the older , more conservative Eaat.

It waa the rrontler and ita spirit or the rrontier, El!

aoirl t o r its selt-rellanoe which ever kept alive t he prln­

clpl n or de~nooracy a nd countered the opposing tendency to

- 15 -

oet up a tocial caste, baeed upon wealth,~ (or)

education, based uoon (or) fu1ly , or baaed uoon financial

power.

~. we tt1ll find inspiration tor the- work

before ut, .!E.Mtiratlon in the old apirit which meant

achievement throuGh telf-rellance; a wtlllngneae to lend a

hand to the fellow down in hie luck through no raul t of ht.

own. Upon those principles our deCiocraey wae reborn a cen-

tury ago; uoon thou prlnolples alone will it endure ~

And in the dal8 tg coae . (Prolonged applaueel

"T' -~. ·- '1-S Fl LE

ho.L .t..~ll.•i..JYI~""'nn ee

STA TF "'- 'I•.; Fl I.E

Short han· y' '0 •• IIOlD P'Cit llklZAd: HOLD POfl; II!I.ZASK KCLD POl IUCLUSE

Ll!'!'LI IIOCX • .lltJt,

~ rollo.,_r<4!1 add!'e .. oL the rr .. ldent .ru.t be tt.l4 tn tont'tdenee ~~nUl rel .. uod, Rele .. e ar.lJ whn dell•tryeetue.lbhuc-er~efd. ,

S'!'II!'HD EARU' .luhtent SeeretarJto the Pzo .. 14ent,

. th• s~::r t~!:e~:!.b~:~O:. 81~r!~!,. ~J~tt-,~!:. \!:~· t!:~: 11ketho .. ot cb1l'dotpeue8"1endth1•11 thet1.reteh&nee'1 ha•e had to .-ee the eUte at eloecr ren1c, Slid .. J)e'e iellJ to •nJOJ thol generodty, the klndn .. • end the OOVZ'tiiJ or true .lrkfln .. ehoepltSl.ltJ .

1 h••• Sian JOUZ' parke - 1 h••• '""' the b"ut;f-:,r Jour -ntllnl eM rl'O'IU . Arkel'IISI can oleta S'O'Il'J' warrant ro:r the

~~::~,;r t!~!~ •wl~~ ~:., d:b~e \:l!~:f!n ~ -::! = reee hW'A:I"..Sth ennt•er .. rJ or the 14mi"t<l\ or thll v ... t .. tete l.nto the Unhll. .

1..\..tw.,.~eltts•ne'llholl¥eln theor111nel!'h1rteeo Stat .. elof8 the .lthntle S..b~l'd 11117 '-"e tM netu.rel td.ee tl\et 'lltllte .... rtrat b•e-.. ecq\lllnted with their part ot the c.ountry , er.cl thlt toM terrltorJ lJln.l •e•t ot the IHuhstppt 1e ell ¥er7 n.., • ..A:..! a.,-e:ertdn that it 11 not ,_rell:r realb..S L ) - >

=~ ~:r::~t.~:n~;~·.;h:e;~e;:~a!i,!!~ee~!::'!ir'!te~'rUZ';~ :~~\~. ~:ei"':~~"t,~r ~.,.i:~: .. ~.~=: =~~~ :~~ ~!~~hl,.1 cc::atns•cuthWlLI'd. tro11 canada. , eew thh cau.ntr:r wnen the etvUUe ­t1Cil ot the Atlantic Seebo«l'd ••• ettllln tu tnrenc:y. Nor n. .. J thCJ elltttolentlJbCI!rl told.thettheflrlt .. ttl-tWld.erthe i tl._ ot Prer.cc -• ...Se UDdor the <Urectlon ot PI 1'ont1 a t 1'1 Arkar .. •• Pott •• tar back ee 1&86.

.,';"

i:c:::;~!i~~:~r!t::~=~~ 1~~:~~;r:rF,~:~ed Lo.o.blv:el'llreh• .. ~ ))-

'!'hit Lou.lehne Pur<itete hea eb'eJe hid • epect.el t1¢rtcenee tor - · I • • lntor .. ted. In tt ror t•llJ r..,eon1 b«eu" Robt1't 11. LhLnsttCI10 Ou.r JUnUter to Fl'enec, n.tlotleted the pu.ren..ee ~ 41reotlon ot rr .. J:4c,nt '!'h~• Jetrereon -- end. I auu edalt

t tw::-:s:~~;~:£.,:~<14--:ec:::·::ddeqt ·,~tereon, .. ehlg the

=~~i:t~;:P:~~e';..!~~~~'~o~:•:!r-:;~!'!e~"r: .. ~:!~~~r~~

H:~:~~~:r:!::~ l;;~:i:~::f~~~~::~~r :ip::::~:~i· •L ::~::.::,.~~!~::t~~~~:~~:~:!:!~ ~!:of~~:"~~=:~~; :tr:!

u·llt ur.cler thlt sr .. t Ch•rtor or sovcrn.nt, 1'1001 coW.d. be oxer· oteed . ,Jetr.reonreplled thllt there • e r e tertdn lnhercnt qudt­the ot to¥Oretpt,- •hleh eCNl4 not b• .. ~retc4 rrc;a e . Feder.l 0o¥11'nMnt, 1t 8U.ch • Plderet OoYcr .. ~t ne per.nentlJ to endure) 't\lrther.ore~'U' hi d.e la:rld tiM Doperor ot the Preneh • l&ht Clhe e hl e •lnd. end the ll'"t tcrrltorJ west ot the

,:J...-- "!:!t .. tpp .• to:;.,r:!!":~ t:r:'~!::;o:r:"~:"~e~:·c:;:r .. e

~ I-. t!~~in!!~t:•::. ~!!~.!~?u~~::=J~ i:!iF!:ird 3outh O..kot. end the larscr port1on1 or trr•ln.l end. Co)ar114o e rd lfebre.eb end Cll:leho.e(_t ... ~ (the 3tere end 3trtpee todeJ{_\,

l

Tho bllrdJ' pi ontn'.!; ~ ~f.i ~rkan•u tn4 ld4 tho roundatlOll& r or atatahoo4 horo end. throughout tho n.ot now 4o.i n w .. t or tho AlltJhonloa, brou~t •bout o VU'iUblo ~::::::n:lfoi~;J,f,'lnctplt ot tree govorn-ent upon 'IIIIich tftl.,.,

Iha•o not tho tiM nor h ltnoe•u•I'J to ron-tho tuoinatin6 •torr in 4otall 4oro to tho ocl.aloaton ot Ar~n•o• lntotb.otl'nioroonlr• t ... a•r•Uuthort-·hu.nob'ed.JHnaao. 'ltl.ot yo•r or •ttai ..... nt ot otUehoo:! bJ A.ril:on"' h •n t.portant ono 1n A.Diorh:ut ht1torr, DOt to a1ch beu.u•• n •• •rkod br • Prtuaontttl tloouon but boet11a1 18M -• tho ll•t run ,. .... ot tho ?rtatdener ot AnclzoOW' .Ttckaon.U

thllt i~!~::t.:!t~:~:~ rn:t:~: ~!=r~!·~g~~i~!:::: • • gree t work tor tho oountr)' wu 1pprooohlng oo-plouan . Ho .. , inthet'ulltt<lo ot hhr-r\c&blo powera a ncllntho oxoreiee or en ext reord1n&r)' lntlutneo upon the alndl ln<l.oplnion• ot thtlllu orhheountr)'INn•

' ~ \'

~:t ~!!:~~m;~~Jt~~. ·~m:::fo::p:j:~=.!E~~ro :::t!;•~n!!lf!:J .. ~·ro= :;xH!;:~ ~!n'!~-w~~~l-' WUhln&tOI'I. t.hro"f:h th• llo•oluttoc wert to bt toUDcl 1n IYOTJ' ll-·

E!~~:~~:~~~E1!E~:1~:.!~~~~;~·Lw.r:~i~ tho Mted .. lpplin tht ntll)\bor1ng 1tttt or Ttnntnto , ond. -• known to tho Ark•nun• or thet <Uy n • tohow trontter..,.n 'lilo

~~ ~:!r!r ~.~h:.:•;!::~~r. t~~:· rt:!r:~~; ~::!~:::o 0~d-

•inhtrotton ~\:'r hhtOI'J'•~

rttlo~eu~'~! fJ"~u=.~~ ~e.!nr::: ~!:~~70tt::. '7-!e!,.

t:~T~.fi;!:?jtnr.r:~~ .. ~.~:::;:rE:-1:::1~~ untury oo.>r "-rlc.n polttlcol uro h .. tl.c,.;oo:t with the • igor or t l1•1nS l tl't- boOIU .. tho lturdy h.nd ot Al'l'iriW JochOD <le ­nlotld. lt1 eour .. ti'OII tht 1tagntnt -r•ht• ot I INbOArd ollg•rehyir.tothtchennll• otpuro ...,.tr1elncl.~aoe,.._e,..l,

Prior to Jockeon ' • ci.•J' lt IIIII)' be ulcl., withOI.It dlft60I' or uega•r •tton, th•t thtlolcl.er•hlpor the Klltton wu, wtth r•r• uooptlona, ln thehe.ncl.lorlllon.,bo, bybtrthor oducatlm, be-

IT!~ t~~z:¥l:~;i~:=~~E~~::~:ri~!1i~~i:fS ~ or nn• txcopt 1n tho lars•r ca-mlttu 1nd dOQII tho •ln '"'nu&e or tron,partationl thot ••rt bollot "'• in •nJ 1tttn,

ltat:.t::o•• ~Ca~:,. .:::1

:;:::~~~:.on t nto hh high orrte.U~~ro"i\o.lt or the rooognltlOI\IbJ tho people ot tho United 3tatoo thot the or& or • tru1r cl.-cr&c)' tn th.o1r nltlonol Ute ne It t.nd, I neocl. not cl.nerlbt tht cl.l-7 that

~o!r:!•:;i~1 o~i~:~;:n,:::~:-:r - ~:rx;,~:O~!!I ::~!~on;io!n the

~;!bne:rouaod. •IIIOr\g the oo-c•lloc!. "au•rd.hn 1roup•" or t ho

Groupe tueh 11 ~:. hi•• no•er wh~l17 cl.lolppe~red t'l'c.. .loatrloln pollttotl are , but it •111 no•er bt poulblt tor any lor.sth ot u. .. tor on,. sroup or tbo Allortoon p«Jplt, tlthor b)' r•••on ot •oolth or lHrntn,s or lllborlt&net or toono-ie pOWer,

::,.;•~!., s!~t:::a!:.;t::I ljr:;~~.:u=n!,.l~~.~!\rosata to tt-

'

' ~· :~:!:~~i~~!fi!!• ::~:;~:~~!:!!i·~t1:::

7

::r~=~:::~ thdl not be th"'rt~ 1.n thotr h l &h pul'pOtll to r-ln the eutto­c11.ane ot' thcil' own duttlnJ •

' 'f'h• tront1or tpirlt ....,..br ouaht .on into the Arlr:an ... • wU4ernau, and. letor -• to oerrJ tt~• OYO!I t'llrthlt' 1JI tho ll' canq..,.utotthe11 .. t , 1ntp1rtdtn.thehearuan4aWttn4 toah ot tbo .. - a "" 14.,.1 or OW' nuton.l 4.-.::~Crt.CJ·

::-J•,t:,:r;~ ~ -:.•,:;t~!r~d:I ~·:r::·,~~~t~plrlt To1~"chllna.S. td.Ml tht nttal:lborlJ contaCitt ot the t rontur contrtbut.ed 1n ltkrd .... ,W"I•t 'ttz li1l!!8 li. wtQIY e=btlJ"'1Cto .J:a t t l:l • -.jR lt. The .... ,.. .t\o t ... 4 the wtld.er-n .. , ho!r .. boo.lte were pllrt of • mo•~pt tn our Mtrtcan lU't.

01a1..1!!1;-· !r'::t; ;.rt;)~~! =~t.~: ~.~~t:i~ ... ~ t trodt tcroae the Allte~U~ntu to eeublllh rw. c~••ltha ltke Al'ktn••• · ln that hllrd. 111'1 ot tht trontier, where tht pwtonel qual1t111 or the .. ,.. tOO not tht lnberltflnct of cub orotproopo~rtJ•ertt.he•tetureot'worth, true4o.Der&t1c cower~t ... Shin 1t1 ar .. to1t 'tpot\ll•

Al"bn!:a~eea":l: ~J:, o~-~R~fi!l!:1 -;~!~ tiJ;!r:'!:, Uttll llttd ot rorMl lrr•ns.....,t•, or or so••rra•nt lnttrolt, ozo •etton, to tn.w-1 thl 100hl &nd. . •eon(lll.ie ••11 -blt~ or th•

~~~;~f;~P!!;47 ~:'r!..!ft:n°~n t~~~P!::tr.~t!JWI..:~.~::nciu ~~~~r~i;!~.1~!th!:~1t~! ~"~O:~~!t~~!·:~:~~:nf ~ 001114

7::;rt::•l:;:n1~:: . ~to 1 ltoit7 hill vont~hld and

•• on each lnd oU or \ll &~~rts or =• Cll•tUntlon tt:'ich ..... tlnd.• to ar•tt•r eoapl•J:1tr . th• t•perUid. '11111• bllna:, th• •IH"J uhttnCII or larp llllltlero or OW' people, h.llve olllld tor -•ur" or Clr,..n.1ae. r n -.rm .,t 1111lt11101 llblch

!:1t;o!~~!!:O:iO:.nd ~=·~~!t::-ed~tL~ ~u!t~~=·~J!::r-

FJ~~;;!J:!~: ~~ot~:~:~ ::·~E~~:~:i~n=:r~~~ hlndlo£ the.t- . No ••ll port or cur pR!bh• tod.art• to brlns tho thlitl or thl o ••ohan1""tionzto thl ..... p•oph.

Tho ••Buro or ttw M<'IC h11 b••n tho 111"ouro or tho organ!·

!!!tr ~::·:~::.:~~~~.,:;h~ 1!':!.hUC:~!>:13:~ :~lr'~or~:;:

noth1flasaro ,

thll, ~r;s::;r~anJ. :.:;•!.:"';~~..:~.!::d ... ~e!n:~ io!.~t ao• ... I2MIIIlt 1111t CIOrltln~a~ to oot ~th Cull tJ-ol'ton 11'1 •tt•r• whinh ll'l p-1-117 0: looal CCIDCirnj C(llli'II;J &OYil'-t llllt

rota1D t bo f'll.neti(lll.o *.loh loatcallr bllon& to tho oount7 unit; ltlto Ao•orl'llllfl'ltl a~.ot oDd ~ll r ot oln otatl ooYorotsnt 7 o•or •11 t bo" 1ettvlt111 ot aovorr.Mit which orroett•ol r oDd ottl­olontlJ ~•n b e =wt b7 tJ.• otltll ·

Let~L•Nlrao 1l1ttll r~~rther, ~-- WhJ ...,, • ototo sovor11111ont oot up1tn Arkfln .. at Tho l n .. or h tha t thl eolonlotten ot thh lr .. had r llchod tho point wharo 1n4h14ta.l u ttl-t•ntodldl •lt or.J.e,.oror<llnlneoo111(1lo•• · 1'hiJ ~odld 1 control b~ to aov1r n 1n r OIJ'IIGt to tboll tblna• wh1eh hod. A~n bo7ond t ho ICIOJ' or town SO"Il'IWint or co1111ty ao•u .... nt .

I'

I

...,_ tn tw.1 SliM""¥ tho Fodcnl~ U.telt .. , or &<Uii&toel

undtt • ConaUtuUon bec.uu in tht 11&1• toU o.tnc the Rlwo.Lutlon it w:ll dhcoverud thu 1 ...,ro,Podcratlon or

E~!~1:~:~~~:r~;S;:!E:r:::toi co•or1111omt beyond State ltnet ~·~}

'Iho Constt tut.1on pro~1ded thQ bott inttru.ont over Uu•tu t'wld ... on t.al pr1nc1-wo ~1ntond to ~

ovorlkwllll~-Jorlty to • oJot a.nd tit

:1';;;;;,;,;..---- -- roqulrc.Oflta

c:ntr~:~tJt ou~0~~~r~c~~!t~:! iulfJ:, ~ .. ~'::..!0 ~ tAil quott:Uon rro. Srull:oap;re.re's Tc.poost -­•'lhc.t is p:.s t is proloJU<J . • 1't.-1 cN;nc.:. but ao111 1 1 b.aliC problMs r.-:~ln t."" -· Ha ... n .. ~ .. k a nc• c.ppl'«leh to th.>lr t olut.ton 'llb..!D old ... ,.pr o.::ct ... s tt;U I'll•. 'nlo roe.r or the s lrpkn.l h.-s rcplo.c.;d th.l r\Uible or tho eol'crccl ••on :nd t.'lo ti"Q[l:.t ... n o: ..__~un.nt .o.ro l p:lllnOd in loss

.; ~~~~:~i-:!~1·:a~~!orSo:;L!t~; ~.~ru or tho c<:on~ic :ond :::oct .. l COO:loX!,U,mc .. t or appl1i!d actenco.

Th01o problo..'l:ls , 'lrith growlnll 1nt\:1111t.y, nOll' flow P'\lt oll s~ct1om.llh:a1 t.:.t1on:Jo~uxtondov~r tho vast

~~~~~c~fld~ron~0~f ~o:t~~.:n~:·1~!hl11~~!Ur~~s 1~f short ~r::~t1!~i~~rl~t~~tt:~~~::~r~;-tbat t141 et>=gr'"l:n~nr-tto~tus ls rctl-.cted wUh UW...t~~-®d otl11th~froe~WC1n.:r to"~ro..m:t;-.. -.,•r e ne• s•

:t. :r;~c~1~f~~o:~i ~":r:~tf:;.<:6!o•!.t:r ~ b:U:~~= in,; e411 n~•.;.r be p!'<.-dle:.t<.-d on t.h,) r ... l~~;~~; -:;Uon of I'Aiu.:ln

o f fort \..

ctuo:"~~: !1!.;ot!n t-.~0 f~~~!"'~J:!' ~f1!~~j~ th.clt th.oro dv.,ll .>UUoru ot our f .... Uow m...:n bol,..;s 'lho sutter fr- tb" k ind of povorQ' tht;t spolls ~ .... rnourisNIIlnt And \U"Idor- prlv1l"6"· I f l oc.1.i tov .. rna..nt, .1r 5tut..t fi:OV.,rn­DOnt, o~rtor ox.;rtirq: ov ... ry ro.::;sonobl u uff ort, i s un.oblo to bott ... r th<.ir conditi ons, to rciu or r.~storo thei r p,~r­chu1f11t J'><l•ur, tn ... n surely it I'OU.ld tc.k .. o foolish (Ill(!

short-dr;ht~~e~ntosny~itit nocone.,rnot tho Mtionotl aovurru;,~nt its~lr . J

dtst~ :g·n~:~ !1IT~1~t0! .. l~~r~!u~~b~~!I1~'or'"'r opportwltt.J" still w.st b<.o soueht · llu know thll.t eq\Uil1tJ ot loecl JustiN Is, olne, not J"t CUI ust.:lbUthod teet; U\11 e.l ao is o aoo.l w.) 111st ~.nd do so~k·

It •o 1oek to know what h~ crtort Cllfl do Ln the t r.cu ot o~hollrsiu , we sb:l.ll .. v .... r t1n11 Ln~plrauon 4nd cut d=cc Ln tho :~ochlQV.aortts ot tbe '-.lrlc:.n ps-.. n, not QQN}J" those who founded tho lctioa but U\OIO llbo ozttmdod itl bc:und.::.rlos

fr• oeea.n to oc~, ot wtiQQ tM t1rtt ArkiUIS<int ,..n the prot.ot)'.,._

•rte.n._,, h.:;.~ t:lYen loU'-f'CY lihttnpl!thtd Den to th•

::~~~ b~~~ : .. ~i;-:~t !n • ~! :otr~i ~t ~:~t:iffu!t f~~1~!.~~~~· a0:r~ ~~!~!"~~~r~t!l11 c~~!~ r~~ u.nocL"'t<', SUlll:ltor1 Robs.ntonf1't-l.rttnn- .

lb¥ I r~'pOCt ~{hilt..:orlenl ...r.xlcn "Whnt 19 JX1$t 11 prolope . • It~ DOutlna 11 not obtC\If'\1, Out of tho I tory of c:l.nk1nd' $ 1 0116 ~tf'Ul(llll t o co.,~r.~ h1 .. olt, we ahoul4 lo"'rn lcuons ••1lCh rlll sutdo 111 ill aolvin, th~ orob .-:s 'l<tllel. b~sct 111 tod.c.y • •

th.:a frontier, cs"" ho:Yu tH.~n rec~ollin& lt b this r tpl4 .V.rY.q or the pl:.ntln.; or n...., ltAt la, h.:ls rortvcr pnnod; but lt h:::s l..tt o p.~~t Wpr1nt upon our

~~~~~~~ r~0J=s:!f, t~~~ ~t~~~~~=·~r:rll..na.:s r: hundred yu::rs ;.oco, do.n to th.t :.dotnlon or the lut ne"' Vithln t'cc~-nt ..,,_orr, prt.ducoll r.. c:onsbnt 1"«1.­otn-.ncu ot th.:~ 9r1nctpJ....:or tr::..:o aoY.,rf~~Nnt, nu, ltb.:r:tl t~nd.mct .. s ot thos<., ·.mo tor n .. :.rl¥ "' c:onturr -.. ~Yo c::.U...:t our ~<;lt .. rn st.:..tosr:~>..n, nny.,. bJ<lll soa.,.tlin:~ too

U\~!: =.Jt;:~ ... ~n .. :" 1~!cl~~lr~F!"r ~~~::~ig~e~:ich t,~V.Jr k~pt :.~liv" th'- p~ineipl~• or d~l' ey A1i.d eounte:N<l

:~l~;!!"~d~~~i!!~?' ~ :~~1l:, 11o;~f~~~:f·Po~~~~ upon I.<J shu fi.nd 1H!Ipiro.tion fur ~~ work boforu us in

th ~ old spirit <.b!eh '·"'' nt chi,:,v~Qcnt throua:h solf­Nli..~neQ; o. w1lUngne:ss to l .. nd n hc.nd to tho follow do-n in hh luck throi>QI no t c.ult ot 1111 o.n. Upon thoso prlnetplts our dccocr:.ey .,,:: Nborn r. c .. ntiU'J' o&o; upon those pr1nc1plu :.lon.1 wUl H ..~oduro. (""''-)

(""')

• I

an&GK at ru PKDJDDt

LJnu:.oar, ~u• RDIUI)JJ'. laD 10, 11111

l )l,a" ·-~ - 1 ..... ·- "'' "-"

of,_---- Uld. rl'l'll'lo _ . -,::;-.., .... , ~,-.--. ·..oll4a'•t.ate.• 1'1·~·

~lril ... to -• 1ov. ,..,. to faoe IIAII W joi.A wl~ )'01& lA -.

•'"" MltbnUoa ot ~ buaUed.U. umJ.....-naq of 'M .o.ildoa 114 ;.

M• CH-' eb.\tl UW tM unl-..

~1-.S.ll~ _. CIU' oUt• .. .tao lln 1a

\M CWiclMl ftiJ'.._ I t& ... al-e .. •U•UI ~ _,

wta iM1I' pan ot .. _.,., .- o.t tM Mftl-.,. lJUrt

... , ., .. Mlllllllippl b all ""'.... l - ........... , u

11 •• .-.n117 nau .. M ...,, ....._. 1M tow, ..._ tlnhn

8pu1G apl.IN'ft, '''toft 1a .._, 1e-~. u M:l'lJ'

u 1141, .oH tb.ut. Ml1' a oe~~tuT Mton tM tcnm4Uc Ott

J-W. aa4 ......... NM Ul4 P1,..a~l 110:r .... tM t.ot; Oat

no JT-.. uplonn, l&u'q\lotM 11114 Jollot, ..u, -awuf.

t,_ cau.o., aaw tll11 _..,. Willa tho Gl11.1UaUoa ot t!lo

.&.U•Uo hlllou4 _. et;U1 b lW tat_,.. JCII' Mft ...,.

ntt1ol•t17 "- '-1.4 Oat tbl t1nt 11tu-• ..-.. tM

nac ot ,..._ ... ..oe ..sw tu cllnottoa Ott Dl TMU at

.ua..... Polt .. tu baot .. 1188.

nnt, -.M:r ..,._ nac ot ,.._, u.e ,....

11tu-• puel4 to a. nac ot Bpala1 to be :reoo"J'I4 ..,

••1- toJ' "'- La 1100, .a4 tlMlly ~' ..o.n .., c:o .... ro...,...

.-noaa nac by tiM LcNhl- ........ b 1101.

ftlt; LI'UilUI. J'UOM.II b&l alw.T~ ha4 a

~al d pltloa.o t oJ' ... l • laMr11W4 la U to:r t..u,­

ro.- -.-o .._.. a. Ll'tUptoa, .,_ IIUI.U&u to r:r-,

...,.uetM tu panbuo .., ..UJ"eCIUOD ot hlllU.t ,._

ldl ...... - ad. I -· .-.!\ \U\ M dlron • ...,., ....... lupla.

I • ~- laki"MMM4 ~· Pne1._\ lell....._

u.Uiori•Uc lila to puolllt..l• n .....U• ...UU.-1 Mn1\ciiTI

u4 "Uwt '"-' _,..,lll o aa\llori'T 414 ..,, Ml•\ -.dN' 0.\

\ll• p-M\ 'Mftltoi'J' _, o1 th lll.bd .. lppl M lo•' lorn•r to

.-.,., ... app81-.. a. .-. an.n a. Lh'Up* ,., Uao v..t1

:. ....... ..0 Olllondo Ul4 llttwUka Ul4 <*lU... flJ' .... •tan

... tut,.. todq,

, • .,. aco. ~t; feN of at;~t; ot ekMbood ~ &lbuu b

• - a -. hl1 ua ot JUa ....nu1e ponn ...., u * ueni.M ot • en~ '-11._.. ~-...u.s. _,.

O?lat.OM ot Uol- ot llil -~·

-• .u .-ot .UW tttt)' 7M" old., m&a.rl .. O~onoll fill

OanolU011, UM lut arYh1liC ll.cMI' ot U.. DMl.u.t:loll et

~. M4 bMa 4M4 eal, fflV J'Mdo .. , ll.a J'Mft JIM

pa.pe4 .t.- ..,..,n M4 e.u .... c ..._ nply -. a.,.., .-.

11M M4 fou.-4 .....U,.tc. ~ tM bwol•Uoa "" to 'M

to.6 la ....,. --.Jty .ado tM _,.. Uld ~ ot .... pl-

pn1o4 wu1 the on. ot .-wt.oa U.te. lill4ntl J.ok••• U.

-~ u4 -no:r ot tlle •tu.u ploMen ot UM,

f~U~ .U M4 OanlM iato tM n.&U.O, thotll IM1PlG'lJ

tuu.ne ot tM l'loaU• liMa _.. pM11ble tlM tlnt: tn1J'

'ftMI oun 1 pow _. ''- .n 1 ""' JtJ.•w..,., _.

•n l nrll"' ..- u.. lJitl-. fll tile - ..t -.• ot tM

.-..u • ....,.-. u~·..., ...... , ., t111t .-...u. .. ..,,

ton... A "'-'"4 ,._, .._.. ,..... • laM .uu.u • t:w..t

I

...,._ ,.. M" 1110t tu • ... k. tali'Hrhl .-...uoa -.. aot ,..,

~ ...... , .... ,,"-':---.... hllJ ••tUUOMJ .......... }.,dUflNlthe ~ted. tM

dh-'-tt.OP- 'II ..... uoept ln '"' l&J'Cft ~tt.·• u4 alGae

.........., 1a 1beU ads.-1 11te - at Mad.. I ...., •t

.... _.. ...._..u, ... ,..., - s. tu Mu1is ot ttM u-.n-. el•4 1

~o-u.l<~.t 0'1'-- wt~ .,;>~loa $M' 1\ -• _,.-. •..,..n.tu •

o-.....,. or ol~W\ U41oat .. lW•lt.., ~.aU...\ 1M

-.n.- peipl• o.u ~~~:~ot 1NI t.h..n.& u -.u up ,.,.o•• to

II1.MII &114 ecNl• ot "llo" ,.... a • • l4oM1 ot - MU~ ~..,.

-

oute or ot pnperiy "" ...,. .....-an ol won!~, •"" ~Uo

::::·-~-:7.. ---;'· ... - _ . ...-.... ·-- ... +--· !ada¥ tbt.t Ute b &'OM• 1• ·~tour bu •W•Mf.

l'7;..¥·t. / ..-:.. aD4 ... ue.,... ua4 allot .. pan. or a -tel. ~ftl'*

.,.. '-4.1 to peatn OOIIpladtJ'. Lat'-17• b Upt:rUed. •ll-

l

•11>-

lo ~1 part of oa ~-~ 11 to UJ.ac Oe fnlt1 ol lhll

-•·llll.bd1oa W tM *11 people ,

tM_ oc._...._.._ ..._ .. ...._.or..._

.,.-.~. •• u.. _...,.to_. u. tM ....... ,.... ~­

P'MP!I .-14 -- tolna .... JIO~ lHI, 00..0. 1-1 wi.U

tol•••• aoQUtc -on.

e.u...,.,.. ........... ud. lball .u.tU.a. L4t

.. pllt U .-., laawa¥wiiiJ.cllenJ7-..UIIl--~--l

1 .. a1 ,~, .. , ooe.u- to an ..na nan t,..._ ta •U•n

'lt.l• an pn.unr ot looal - em; _,,. p't'e~t -•

ret&la u.. tuoUOM wbtoh l ocloell.J Mloec w e. oo.'r -.ltl

•te.• ~"' .,.., Ml1 alt.all n\aia ''-'' '"'"'-" ~

all OoM -.oUftUM ot ,OYI..-&t .tliob eftMUnlJ' Ulll d'tloha.tlr

ou w ... by Oe ... '".

Ltt U a&l&l)':lll 1 lUUI l'u'tbu, llo~ - ..,

.... 1 1'-W aGT-t 11t up h APaG~U1 tM Ml"l' 11 that

-.. eoloal .. tlo& ot U.h u.a lla4 n.-... -. polat 'liMn

1K.lfl.e.l HUl-te -""4 I .u'Ofti'J' ot O..U.... ....

1.... fteJ' .....s.t4 I .. 11hlll llodJ to P"ft 1a I"NpMt to U.0..

nt• ftt.olll led.~~..,. •oope ot w. con-• ..

--~··

Ill .. - .,. ... J'tMhl Qa1oa l...U - • ....,.u ... l.o""l"~· t._,J;I:;r,;.. "..._ la .. ..,. toUodllc ....... l .. u. lt -- u-n&

•ltJI. _._. ..tUotll ..,.,..._ 0. ~ fta-.o ._.olno0

' ,z---~a OOUtlftUoa..., a •tlo.J. oqM.lu.tloa M tu.

OQO of.....:..... Cft'O,_\ ... ,._ ~-;?;\ /_.._ •7' "'. 'k l.tl~t~(: 1M OOUUW.tloa pn'l'14od. Qo bH\ l.ut~t

I ~,4n1.H4 to~ tlM -u-..uoa ot tb ... ~w

to~. Nll"br .. tM onl'Wlool.ld.ac -JorltJ' ot -.n .... - - - h-..rt.-l'ik..;l

llol10'1'o0 Qat U l .. .,M\ODilH t o,..tu tho .uUc pla)"lla-l.J ....

~0 8114 MOlal "i"ty~1.,,,~t ~eu.6; ... ~~ bela

~

-a-

nfleoted. dtll tM ~ ot ll&ht fn- W• • OIJ.ltnaia-

(l,., ......... a. ...... ~~ .. ~ Mln .. ftMo -~to UIMI Pl'f*l- .., ....

~&Wl1 ~~II '-t OJiaailltl.oa M _., ..... ..rtaUiJ

o · ~ wt11Uitr it be lA th1 ero-ded te~tt ar the creat

oiu .. or oo. -.til' or t.b1 t ara laMe ot tt11 DIUOQ, • • mo.

tn.t \here dwell ...,. aUUoiUI or our r1Uo- hUMa bela.r• .tl.o

lad UDdar-pr11'1llll• It loca l 101'1mMDt., tr State I 01'1rnaea t.,

r MIODabla 1ftar e .. rt.t.q ,,.,ry/ettort, i l ~ble to batter their

t.bat.lt h no eoncam or tba IUIUOIIIl l o•amaao.t.ttaalt.

<::jf •• llnow Uuot equ.aUtJ' or lndhidu.al ebUltJ' ba1 nl1'e r ,..... a llle t.td ea4 lloe1'1r will, but • • lalla$. t hat ectu.allt7 ot oppor-

,._,._r tunltJ'~ I\ll~eaolqlht.. We llno• Uiatequ.llt.7ot 1oeal.

1\ltiUCI ta, alae, ftOt. 71\ an eatabU ahtd tact.J thla a bo 11

III8!RT B - P111 lll

.lJ'bUJI be.J J1 .. 1'1 MJQ' dlattn.cutJb.Jd ..... to t.bl

Ut.iODI but, -rt t r 11Db, I • ut to t.ll YOU •1r7 Jlapl.y

•ad fro. th• b.IU't, thlt 1.1:1 th<t -ttn.c a.t OW' d.l1't1cu.lt

probl- or todar, ao u.t1 411J I'YII .. crea ter crtodlt tor

l07Jl dJ'IOt.iOD to I Jrllt CIUII thJD 1Q' Old frlelld aDd

... oclate, Senator Robl.Dson ot A.rll:an~aa.

/

qu- -av ..,..1, . MN tot:. ..... t:~llton -do LG 1M-t- ~

aohi-t a ot 041 .....n- plooeou, not '""b t boM a

1¢~\lnCI.IM \M laUou but tboM c.o utallillM 111 botr~wla:tlH( n­

-to oo-1 or..,_ the~._Pll ""' tJ:ae pJ"Otot)'J141.

'B)~~ I npN.t the ll.htol'loal ..U.t • ..,.., b pUt:

Jt• prolope.• U• ·-l..DS 1a nat -~. Orrllt: ot tM no~ ot

....... -~··" """~·;t' .. "'"]:'''' ... l a41t.U a.- to Pa 1ooo.••• "t 'Uia11

ta.a NM 0. th ••n U ~ lW.U..,

, ftolt. ....... J'wl'l.UIJ' ,_ Jaot.-•a

_, ..

io .. , 'P .. ~lal outot, bdtllll 11p011. W&J.G, w eduoattoa, •

, .. u,.,..~h·ci,~ /~~

11.-.••aluat J.:'b~

~ "" _, oUll t1ad 1Mp1rdloa. far ~ won Hton u 1a 0. olf.

.-..,.,. •pl1'1\ wb.i.OA -t ..U..,_t ~CIUP IIU-"11-: )

~ · ew &m:GJ?r ,<'

.,

N.t1•1 'Oat, ., tr11nda, 1 nAt to UU 7<N ••IT eS..pl¥ M4

""- the Mut, tbl.t 111 t.he aeat lnc or 0\lr o:UttlCillt probl .. ,

or toc1.q, ao .au da1anee .,..t ... ct>.Ut tor loral. daMtl- t.o

acr .. tot.U. .. thaD.IQ'Oldtric'U1t.tld&UOC11U0 s..a..torlob~

leprolo~~o~a.• lts ~ill,lianotobawre. O...t otthaeto17

ot u.ntl.Qd • a 1~ etru~&h to ¥0ftr'l:l h111 .. lt, •• 1hou.ld l " rn

l iiiOftl -.bldl .t.U ,u1de 111 1J:I solwtna t.hl Pl'<lbl .. l -talch

t~a frontie r, •• • • M•• b..,n rtO$lllnc it 1a dlla

rapid Mil'.,.,. or the platltl.D' or :~aw et.t~ tat, baa rore•ar """-'1

bllt H Mol htt a pe~ntnt 1Apr11lt ll)l(lft our p JUUcal Uta

an<1 our toeial outlook. 'rha West e r n lf'OnUar r,.._ J a c:ll:aoa1a

ttae aAd tile aca.ll!llOQ or b~s • h\IDClr..S J aar t aco, do-n to

the ed.at .. ton or t.ba l a st atataa • lt.bJ.D racct a .-ory, pro4uc..S

a conataat r-llaaDCI or t.ht prlnclpla or rr" co'l't~t. !b4

liMral t..ad•clea Of tbotl0 'llho for DNrl;f I -tur7 •I ba'fe

callecl our Wa nam nata-, han b.- ac:..ttaet a \00 llnJ.t

\IDd.aret.ood 1n tht older,_,., col! .... rn.U•a Eaat. It • • • UMo

fl'i;IIIUir aDd 1U •p1r1t of ••lr•UlJ,UOI wb1otl 11'U hpt all1'•

Ul• pr1Do1pl•• of daa~oeraq and oOWituad tbl oppodnc hlld.,.ey

to .. , up • aoetal caat•, baaed upon •~UI, or edlloa U on, or

f~, or flnanolal po11ar,

• • aUU fl.Dd Uup1Nt1on tor tb4l -.orl!. Mton '" 1D tha

old a;~lrU wb1eh •Milt aehh~•t ~b aclt· nli.a.lloe•J a

•Ull.ll.p.au to land • band to tha f.t l o• do- 1D. bh 1\lek

t.bi'OU,Ih t10 fAit of hl• ona. tJpo~~. \bNe pr1De1plu 01o1.r

liMOOraq ••• r eboMl a eeaturT I I OJ UpOI'I Uloae pr1Ac1pl"

a l one •UlltiiDdllr• ·

ADd lf " 11111: to blow .t&at ~ lffort - 4o 111 U.. tt.o• of

MYI:rtU'J', we 1bal.l 11't:r n-. i•-plnUoa aDd. ,w.-.- 1a c.

ubh,.. ... Dtl of tilt -.rio-. ploDHn, t10t ••rllJ' tllo" 1lbo

tOWid.H n, aattoa Nt tllo" Ro ut•D414 U• bourl4ar1" fro-

i• p:rolosu• · • It• •aDlD,B: 11 not ob1w.r1. out of till uorr of

u.U1.114'• loac 1~11 to'"' "" hlu•lf', n •bou.ld l•ua

leeeou wblcb -.ill gv.lde ,... ia • ol 'l'l.ooi t.be pl'Obl- wb.lelt. be"'

w. to4A1, .. bear~ about th• pb.Uo•opb.7 a£ lli•to:ry; bllt

alter all tb1 pb.Uo• ophJ' of b1Uo:ry MUI.I uothic; bv.t tile

tbcn~~:hd'ul oonddlret1o1l of ht•torr.

!Ill 1'routlu,• " ba'l'l bMII. nOilllJ!I it Ul.

tbh rapid •un• J' of tilt plutlac of o.e• •t•t .. , h.U to:re'l'lr

palled.; bl.it 1t h.U 11ft a p~~t t.prt~~ot \lpo!l 0\U' poll tloal.

Ute cu1 ow toolal outlook. M 1tt.tt after nate kl bill!.

I&Oh ha.a o-• iuto th• tlb.iou -.1. n. a 110re Ub1:ral. oouui wuoa

tllp lh Ea8tUJ:~ llltl:rto !Ill .. ltln. r,.oAUt:r tro- Jr.oll:to.a11

' '- NUS U.. &d.ai"ioa ot Art-...• a blm4rt4 J'••n ace, d.o- to

_,._

to eat v.p a aoo1al outt, buR UJlCIIl .. altb, or .a-uoo, err

or ru..nc1al power. tuilr,,..,..,~

fblh we ha•t ao frotlt1trl l o Ula old uue,

" ... ,. eUll f1D4 t u ptrauoo t or tbe worli: beton u 111. the old

.tllU«ldure.