Frank kozeliski

The Aggregate and Ready Mix Association of Minnesota (ARM)

By Frank A Kozeliski, PE, FACI

Gallup, New Mexico USA

11-29-2016

Performances Mixes Using

Blending Aggregate

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Location of Gallup, NM

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3 deck Flat Screen 5x16

1” top Deck

Product

½” Product

# 4 screenWaste

originally

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5’x16’ Screen and 54” Cone

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Blending 2 Aggregates you can get 4 Gradations

1” x ½” and ½” x #4

ASTM C33

# 467

# 57

# 67

# 7

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Using 2 aggregates to get # 467gradations per ASTM C 33

combination 1 ½” - #4

Screen size 1”x1/2” agg

½”x #4 agg 1” x #4 # 467 gradation

use 90% +use 10 % = 100 % 1-1/2” - #4

1 -1/2” 100 100 100 95 - 100

1” 100 100 100 ----

¾” 74 100 77 35 - 70

½” 18 100 26 ----

3/8” 3 78 11 10 – 30

# 4 1 3 1 0 - 512/25/2016 6

Using 2 aggregates to get # 57 --70/30 split gradations per ASTM C 33

combination 1” - #4

Screen size 1”x1/2” agg ½”x #4 agg 1” x #4 # 57 gradation

use 70% +use 30 % = 100 % 1” x #4

1 -1/2” 100 100 100 100

1” 100 100 100 95 - 100

¾” 74 100 82

½” 18 100 43 25 - 60

3/8” 3 78 26

# 4 1 3 3 0 – 10

#8 1 2 1 0 - 512/25/2016 7

Using 2 aggregates to get # 57 -60/40 split gradations per ASTM C 33



use 60% +use 40 % = 100 % 1” x #4

1 -1/2” 100 100 100 100

1” 100 100 100 95 - 100

¾” 74 100 84

½” 18 100 51 25 - 60

3/8” 3 78 33

# 4 1 3 2 0 – 10

#8 1 2 1 0 - 512/25/2016 8

Crushed limestone aggregate

1” x ½” 1/2” x #4

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6’x20’ 3 deck El Jay Screen

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Using 2 aggregates to get # 67 -40/60 split gradations per ASTM C 33

combination 3/4” - #4


use 40% +use 60 % = 100 % ¾ x #4

1 -1/2”

1” 100 100 100 100

¾” 74 100 90 90 - 100

½” 18 100 67

3/8” 3 78 48 20 - 55

# 4 1 3 2 0 – 10

#8 1 2 1 0 - 512/25/2016 11

Using 2 aggregates to get# 7 gradations per ASTM C 33

combination 1 ½” - #4


Use +use 100 % = 100 % 1/2 x #4

1 -1/2”

1” 100 100 100

¾” 74 100 100 100

½” 18 100 100 90 - 100

3/8” 3 78 78 40 - 70

# 4 1 3 3 0 – 15

#8 1 2 2 0 - 512/25/2016 12

Bottom Deck Screened over a # 20

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Screened out #20 Limestone dust that was wasted

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This now provided a

3/8 to # 20

product for concrete.

This material was

blended into the mix for

ready mix Concrete

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Minus 20 product left side was a waste product (called Moon Dust) and #20

screen on the right

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Using 3 aggregates to get # 57 gradations per ASTM C 33


Screen size

1”x1/2” ½”x #4 3/8” x #8 1” x #4 # 57 gradation

53% + 41 % + 6% = 100 % 1” x #4

1 -1/2” 100 100 100 100 100

1” 100 100 100 100 95 - 100

¾” 74 100 100 86

½” 18 100 100 57 25 - 60

3/8” 3 78 100 40

# 4 1 3 87 7 0 – 10

#8 1 2 44 4 0 - 512/25/2016 17

Screen Analysis of Fine Aggregate2 Aggregates ASTM –C33 & NMDOT

Sieve size (use 85% Natural sand

Use 15 %Crushed

= 100 % ASTM specif NMDOT

3/8 100 100 100 100 100

#4 99 86 97 95 - 100 90 – 100

#8 82 44 76 80 - 100 70 – 95

# 16 67 21 58 50 -85 45 – 80

#30 46 9.2 41 25 - 60 25 – 60

# 50 16 6.3 15 5 - 30 5 – 30

#100 5 5.4 5 0 - 10 0 – 8

#200 2.2 4.5 2.5 0 - 3 0 - 312/25/2016 18

3/8” aggregate

Clean chat or mfg. sand

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Blending aggregate starts with good gradations (Quality Control)

Sampledate

1” ¾” ½” 3/8” # 4 # 8 # 200

11-29-16 100 65.3 13.5 3.0 1.8 1.7 1.0

Count 3655

3655

3655

3655

3655

3655

3655

Avg 99.9 73.5 17.9 2.9 1.0 0.8 0.5

AVG 55 99.9 72.3 16.7 2.7 1.0 0.8 0.5Stand

.Deviation 55

0.30.3

5.46.5

4.04.6

2.11.7

0.4.0.4

0.40.4

0.20.3

Range 98.1100

62.3 -83.9

6.7 –26.4

1.2-13.0

0.52.1

0.4 1.9

0.2 1.1

Coeff. Of Varation

0.3% 7.3 22.2 70.1 44.3 48.0 45.012/25/2016 20

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Take the gradations and put them in to a computer program where we were looking for the combinations along a 0.45 power curve so you have maximum compaction of the aggregate

Concrete Mix Evaluator by Gary Knight [email protected]

Ricardo [email protected]

From Canada sell See Mix III or old SeeMix II

www.optimizedgraded.com OSU12/25/2016 23

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.optimizedgraded.com/

Koz. Combined

Gradation Spec.Sieve Low High

1” 100 100

¾ “ 82 94

½” 68 80

3/8 “ 57 69

#4 41 53

#8 29 41

#16 19 31

#30 13 25

#50 10 18

#100 6 14

#200 5 9

Generally once the

gradation passes

the #100 it starts

dropping off. use

the 1” to # 100 to

develop the

aggregate

proportions Based

along the 0.45

Power curve12/25/2016 24

0.45 Power Curve Maximum Density

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Gradation Percent Retained

2612/25/2016

Optimal area

Gap-Graded

Optimal for ½” stone

Too Fine

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Percent Retained 4 aggregate

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27 %20 %

18%

35 %

Combined Gradation NMDOTSection 509.2.8.3.1

2014_Specs_For_Highway_And_Bridge_Construction.pdf

Evaluate aggregated for concrete

mixes prepared for the combined

gradation procedure with the following

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1. Coarseness Factor. Determine the Coarseness

Factor in accordance with the following equation

CF = (Q/(Q + I)) x 100

Where

CF is the Coarseness Factor

Q is the weight of the aggregate retained

on or above the 3/8” sieve

I is the weight of the aggregate passing

the 3/8”inch sieve but retained on the # 812/25/2016 31


2. Workability Factor. The weight of the aggregate passing the No. 8 sieve divided by the weight of the combined gradation, represented as a percent.

3. Mortar Factor. The volume of the cement, fly ash, water, air, other pozzolans and aggregate passing the No. 8 sieve divided by the volume of the entire concrete mixture represented as a percent

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4. Paste Factor. The volume of the cement, fly ash, water, air and other pozzolans divided by the volume of the entire concrete mixture, represented as a Percent

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Combined aggregate to produce a uniform gradation. Ensure that combined aggregates comply with the required individual physical and chemical properties. Individual gradation requirement will not apply. Use the 0.45 Power curve to blend the aggregate to achieve the densest grading possible. Approx. targets for the Coarseness Factor and the Workability factor Targets for concrete mixtures designed using combined gradations12/25/2016 34

Nominal

Maximum

Aggregate size

Workability

Factor

Coarseness

Factor

¾ inch 32 - 36 65 -- 75

½ inch 40 - 42 10 - 20

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Gradation

• Gap graded

– segregate more easily

– difficult to place

– higher amount of fines

– require more cement

– greater water demand

Gradation• Well graded

– less prone to segregation

– easier to place

– lower amount of fines

– require less cement

– less water demand

GS&G Co.Concrete Mix Design information (1)

The attached Concrete Mix designs are

Performance Based on past history of the

mix with the combined Aggregates and

Cementitious materials used the past 25

years. The mix are not prescription based

as in the past. The proportion for the

concrete mixture are our responsibility and

include the use of blending aggregates to

give the client the best concrete for the

project and its intended use

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We ask that all testing be done by a certified ACI Concrete Field Lab

Testing Technician Grade I or II as outlined in Parg. 16 & 17 Of ASTM

C94/C94M – 16 Part 04.02 2016

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All test cylinders need to be properly

cured on the site in containers where the

test specimens do not loose any

moisture(immersed in Water) between 60

& 80 degrees. These curing procedures

have been done on several large concrete

projects here in the Gallup Area the past

few years. This is because improper

curing of the first 20 hrs. +/-can result in

the compressive strength being reduced

to 800 to 1000 psi12/25/2016 40


We also suggest 4” x 8” test cylinders be used as have been done on previous projects in the area so the cylinders can be properly cured. When making cylinders we suggest a set of 5 cylinders. (1) specimens for 7 days, (3) specimens for 28 days and (1) for 56 days since all the concrete will be on site for longer than 28 days. However the 28 day cylinder requirement will be the control for the strength per ACI 318-14. The testing frequency and evaluation should be according to Parg R26.12.2 of ACI 318-14 12/25/2016 41


The mix designs and statically analysis is based on cylinders being immersed in water between 60 & 80 degrees for up to 48 hours. The temperature is verified by a maximum – Minimum thermometer on each set. This can be noted on page 10 of ASTM C31/C31M-15a. The proper curing of cylinders is the responsibility of the testing Laboratory hired by the owner or contractor. Please be sure the testing laboratory does the above. The test cylinders make with plastic molds will not be damaged with a mallet when need to be tapped lightly per parg. 9.4.1 page 9 of the ASTM C31/C31M-15a12/25/2016 42


Approval of this mix submittal constitutes approval for the testing lab to send copies of the test reports to Gallup Sand. We may also test some of this concrete on our own to assure our selves of the quality being delivered to the project. We will send you a copy of the result. Make sure the laboratory cures the concrete properly on site.

If you have any questions about the please give me a Call or email at [email protected]/25/2016 43

Curing the Test Cylinders. ASTM C31/C31M -12 page 9. 2015,bk

• 10.1.2 Initial Curing (stored for a period up to 48h temp. 60 to 80 F.) initial curing maintain moisture and temperature, see (note 6) Record the temp with Maximum-minimum thermometer

• Moisture environment can be created during the initial curing (1) immediately immerse molded specimens with plastic lids in water saturated with calcium Hydroxide.

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Curing the first 24 hours 60 – 80 Degrees F

4512/25/2016

866-636-4487

www.flir.com

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Proper Field Curing tank for first 24

hours

[email protected]

518-490-2330

4712/25/2016

Comparison of Immersed vs exposed cylinder curing first 24 hrs from

New Mexico

Curing Concrete test Cylinders New Mexico USA data

Thermal curing (7) 3878 psi (28) 4857 psi

Immersed water (7) 3818 psi (28) 4846 psi

Exposed to air (7) 3090 psi (28) 4107 psi

Laboratory floor (7) 3242 psi (28) 4270 psi

Wet Burlap (7) 3258 psi (28) 4042 psi

In summary you can loose 800 psi when testing cylinders at 28 days if not cured

properly for the first 24 hours. 12/25/2016 48

Test cylinder normal Curing ?????

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Improper Curing of Cylinders and Marking

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Question's ???

Thank You

Frank A. Kozeliski, P.E.

Pronounce “Cause-a-liskey”

Consulting Engineer

Gallup, New Mexico 87301

Cell 505-870-0316

[email protected]

www.concrete-projects.com12/25/2016 52

mailto:[email protected]

Frank kozeliski

Engineering

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