François Jacob (right) and Jaques Monod

LacZ:-galactosidaseLacY:-galactoside permease LacA: thiogalactoside transacetylase

LacI: lactose repressor

LacZ’ = alpha fragment located on cloning plasmid

LacZ’’ = omega fragment located in chromosome

IPTGIsopropyl-thio-galactoside

X-Gal5-bromo-4-chloro-3-

indolyl--D-galactoside

X-Gal

Blue precipitate

http://fajerpc.magnet.fsu.edu/Education/2010/Lectures/25_DNA_Replication_files/image008.jpg

http://fajerpc.magnet.fsu.edu/Education/2010/Lectures/25_DNA_Transcription_files/image008.jpg

http://www.nsci.plu.edu/~mivey/4072002/powerpoint/DNA%20Sequencing/img014.GIF

Navigating the human genome web sites

Starting points:

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/guide/human/

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene

• http://ca.expasy.org/tools/protparam.html

Reverse transcriptase and repeated sequences