Francisco Goya - learning.hccs.edu

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Francisco Goya Committee Mission 1: Omar El-Mehalawi, Sergio Luis, Nyshjae Morton, Ihsan Orgun, Tina To, and Patricia Torres Portrait of Goya by Vicente López Portaña 1826

Transcript of Francisco Goya - learning.hccs.edu

Page 1: Francisco Goya - learning.hccs.edu

Francisco Goya

Committee Mission 1: Omar El-Mehalawi, Sergio Luis,

Nyshjae Morton, Ihsan Orgun, Tina To, and Patricia Torres

Portrait of Goya by

Vicente López Portaña

1826

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The Upbringing Childhood: Francisco Goya was born on March 30th, 1746 in Fuendetodos to Jose Benito De

Goya Y Franque and Gracia De Lucientes Y Salvador. They had a large family, and Francisco had

two sisters and 3 brothers.

Goya worked as an apprentice under the painter Jose Luzan at the age of 14, after he and his

family had moved to Zaragoza. He started off imitating major artists for the first tender years then

started working on more challenging skills like the German painter Anton Rapheal Mengs.

Francisco Goya in his teen

years

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Geography of Fuendetodos Fuendetodos was located in the Aragonese Comara of Campo de Belchite 44 km to the south of

Zaragoza. The town has always had a small population; as recently as 2011 it was 178, and

decreased to 144 in 2015. You can infer that everyone knew everyone in such a small town. The

town also has deep gorges that are covered into hard limestone of the Jurassic era which harbors a

flora given a dry environment including forests of hackberry, Montpellier maple, and Turpentine

trees.

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Intimate LifeIn 1773 Goya married the sister of his art teacher Bayeu, Josefa Bayeu Y Subias, who he

nicknamed “Pepa”. Sadly she passed away in 1812. They had seven children together, but only one

survived to adulthood, Francisco Javier de Goya y Bayeu, who was born on December 2, 1984.

The son Francisco

Javier de Goya y Bayeu

The wife

Josefa Bayeu

Y Subias

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Personal Life- ChildrenDuring their marriage, Francisco Goya and Josefa Bayeu had

seven children including, Antonio Juan Ramon, Eusebio

Ramon, Vicente Anastasio, Maria Pilar Dionisia, Francisco de

Paula, Hermenegilda and Francisco Javier. Unfortunately, all

of his children, except for one, died either at birth or at a

young age. Javier was the only one of the seven children to

survive until adulthood, becoming the heir to Goya. Francisco

was said to have been a very proud father as he has once

stated that many people would stop in the streets of Madrid

to admire his son. When Javier fell ill, Goya wrote that he had

“stopped living for that whole period”.

Francisco Javier Goya y

Bayeu -1805

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Education:Francisco studied in Zaragoza, Spain with Jose Luzan y Martinez, and in Madrid with the court

painter Francisco Bayeu.

His biggest influences were Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and Diego Velazquez.

He also acknowledged three masters: Velazquez, Rembrandt van Rijn and nature.

Spanish artist Diego

Velazquez and Dutch

artist Rembrandt van

Rijn, two of Goya’s

three masters.

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Personal Life- Early Career In 1771, Goya returned to Zaragoza to work

with brothers and painters, Francisco and

Ramon Bayeu y Subias, after winning the

second prize at an art competition in Rome.

While studying under the brothers in the

earlier years of his career, he became close

friends with them along with their sister,

Josefa Bayeu y Subias, who he later married in

1773.

Ramon Bayeu

Self-portrait 1790

Francisco Bayeu y

Subias Self-portrait

1792

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Personal Life- Court PainterAround 1765, Goya gained the attention of spanish monarchs

while working as a painter of designs for the Royal Tapestry

Factory. This attraction to his talents soon led him to the

doors of the royal court. Goya continued to grow his

connections with important people in the kingdom, including

the Count of Floridablanca, the Duke and Duchess of Osuna,

and the Crown Prince Don Luis. By 1789, he became court

painter to Charles IV and at the peak of his popularity within

the spanish court, he became friends with more influential

people including the Prime Minister, Manuel de Godoy, who

he was commissioned by several times.

“The Nude Maja” (1797-1800)

One of Francisco Goya’s most famous

and notorious paintings was a personal

commision for Manuel de Godoy.

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Francisco Goya’s Career: Pre-1793 Royal Court Painter

● At the height of his life, Francisco de Goya

was a royal painter for the Spanish court

and royalty.

● He was often commissioned by Spanish

nobles to paint both family portraits and

single portraits.

● His work was so highly regarded that he

became sought after by King Charles III.

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Francisco Goya’s Career: Falling Ill & Deafness

● Goya became very ill in 1793 and, as a

result, completely lost his sense of hearing.

● This had a huge impact on his art; from

this point onwards, Goya’s artwork had

darker connotations.

● This is a family portrait painted by Goya

in 1801, in which he greatly embellished

unflattering features of some of the family

members.

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Francisco Goya’s Career: Influenced by World Events

● As Goya grew older, his art drastically

changed. His discontent with Europe’s

handling of Napoleon made him a vocal

critic of Spanish royalty.

● His worsened outlook heavily influenced

the art that he painted.

● Some of his most popular works were

politically charged.

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Francisco Goya’s Career: His Dark Side

● Francisco Goya made several paintings

with dark and horrifying themes.

● He painted many of these pieces in

private, never intending on revealing them

publicly.

● Due to the uniqueness of these dark

paintings, many claim that Goya was an

artist ahead of his time.

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The Royal Tapestry FactoryEarly in his career, after initially losing competitions at the Royal

Academy in Madrid, Goya found his first loyal audience at The Royal

Tapestry Factory in Santa Barbara where he designed their principal

tapestry series beginning in 1775.

The factory was founded in 1720 and still operates today as a living

museum where fans today can take a guided tour for 5 euro and see

some of the textiles created by Goya on premises during his tenure

there.

http://www.realfabricadetapices.com/

How Goya Built Up His Followers, Supporters, & Fans

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Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando

Today, along with several other great artists, 13 of Goya’s paintings are

housed in the Academy’s permanent collection, including two self-portraits,

the ‘Corrida de Toros’ (Bullfight), the portraits of ‘Moratin Juan de

Villanueva’, the actress ‘La Tirana’, and a scene from Carnival referred to as

the ‘Entierro de la Sardina’ (Burial of the Sardine).

Fans today can tour the Museum of the Royal Academy for 8 euro.

http://www.realacademiabellasartessanfernando.com

The San Fernando Royal Academy of Fine Arts was founded for painting, sculpture and architecture in

1726. Goya was as member from 1780 and his work was so well liked and respected here, he was appointed

as Deputy Director of Painting.

Followers, Supporters, & Fans cont’d...

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La Tirana, 1792One of his most loyal fans appears to have been Maria del Rosario

Fernandez who commissioned Goya on more than one occasion. This

image of ‘La Tirana’, an oil on canvas in the romantic style, can be

viewed at aforementioned Royal Academy in Madrid. It is the first of

two portraits Goya made of the actress. The name stems from the

nickname of her actor husband which was “el Tirano”.

This particular portrait was originally dated as 1799, but has been

re-dated by Goya scholars as 1790-1792.

Followers, Supporters, & Fans cont’d...Throughout his career, Goya’s most loyal supporters were primarily

royalty, who appointed him as Court Painter and then Principal Court

Painter, and liberal aristocrats who commissioned his work for

portraits.

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With a little digging, you will find stories of people who appreciated

Goya’s work so much, it was a little too much, and his works have

been taken by theft on multiple occasions. One story in particular is

about a commissioned portrait of the Duke of Wellington. This oil

painting passed from the Duke of Wellington on to the sister-in-law of

his older brother, Louisa Catherine Caton, before being passed on to

John Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds. After Osborne it went to auction in

1961, an art collector bid 140k pounds, but was beat out by the

Wolfson Foundation who had to use a special government grant to

best the art collector. Afterward, the painting was displayed at the

National Gallery in London for only 19 days before being stolen! The

painting was returned 4 years later, but this particular theft was such

big news, it still became a part of pop culture when its image was

displayed in a villain’s lair in a 1962 James Bond film.

Followers, Supporters, & Fans cont’d...

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His art and style:More quotes Summary of Francisco Goya Goya occupies a unique position within the history of Western art, and is often cited as

both an Old Master and the first truly modern artist. His art embodies Romanticism emphasis on subjectivity, imagination, and

emotion, characteristics reflected most notably in his prints and later private paintings. At the same time, Goya was an astute

observer of the world around him, and his art responded directly to the tumultuous events of his day, from the liberations of the

Enlightenment, to the suppressions of the Inquisition, to the horrors of war following the Napoleonic invasion. Both for its

inventiveness and its political engagement, Goya's art had an enormous impact on later modern artists. His unflinching scenes

from the Peninsular War presaged the works of Pablo Picasso in the 20th century, while his exploration of bizarre and dreamlike

subjects in the Caprichos laid the foundation for Surrealists like Salvador Dalí. Goya's influence extends to the 21st century, as

contemporary artists have also drawn inspiration from the artist's grotesque imagery and searing social commentary.

Bad Night 1799

Style:RomanticismGenre:CaricatureMedia:Etching,PaperLocation: Private Collection Dimensions: 21.8 x 15.5 cm

Style: Romanticism Year:1975

Genre: self-portrait

Media: brush, paper

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His art and style:From 1775 to 1792 Goya painted cartoons (designs) for the royal

tapestry factory in Madrid. This was the most important period in

his artistic development. As a tapestry designer, Goya did his first

genre paintings, or scenes from everyday life. The experience

helped him become a keen observer of human behavior. He was

also influenced by neoclassicism, which was gaining favor over the

rococo style. Finally, his study of the works of Velazquez in the

royal collection resulted in a looser, more spontaneous painting

technique. At the same time, Goya achieved his first popular

success. He became established as a portrait painter to the Spanish

aristocracy. He was elected to the Royal Academy of San Fernando

in 1780, named painter to the king in 1786, and made a court

painter in 1789.

The Straw Manikin 1791-1792

Style:Romanticism

Genre:Painting

Media:Oil,Canvas

Location: Museo del Prado,

Madrid, Spain

Dimensions: 97 x 160 cm

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Some of Goya’s Famous Artworks...

The Quail Shoot 1775 The Parasol 1777 Crucified Christ 1780

Style: Romanticism

Genre: Painting

Media: Oil, canvas

Dimensions: 290 x 226 cm

Style: Romanticism

Genre:Painting

Location: Museo del Prado,

Madrid, Spain

Dimensions: 104 x 152 cm

Style: Romanticism

Genre: Religious Painting

Media: oil, canvas

Location: Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

Dimensions: 255 x 154 cm

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Francisco Goya’s Style

Goya's stylistic development was not a conventional one. He excelled in the late Baroque and

Rococo styles in his youth, but he never fully incorporated the influence of Neo-Classicism which

was predominant in Spain and Europe in the final decades of the18th century and the beginning

of the 19th. Goya was an artist ahead of his time, who created works full of personality, both in

painting and in engraving without ever conforming to the conventional. In effect, he predicted the

predominant movements of the 19th and 20th century. Romanticism, Impressionism,

Expressionism and Surrealism were the principal movements to be influenced by his work.

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Francisco Goya’s Style In His Art Works

The Annunciation Boys With Mastiff Don Manuel Osorio

1785 1786 1787

Style: Romanticism

Genre: religious painting

Media: oil, canvas

Location: Private Collection

Dimensions: 280 x 177 cm

Style: Romanticism

Genre: portrait

Location: Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

Style: Romanticism

Genre: portrait

Media: oil, canvas

Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art

(Met),, NY

Dimensions: 127 x 101.6 cm

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Francisco Goya- Is he a printmaker or painter?Beginning in about 1808 Goya painted a significant number of genre scenes, and dealt with

similar subjects in many drawings about the period 1810 to 1823. In 1814 Goya commemorated the

heroism of Spaniards who had fought against the French invaders in two large paintings.

Attempting to regain royal favor, he did six portraits of Ferdinand VII, between 1814 and 1815.

Ferdinand restored Goya's salary, which had been discontinued during the Napoleonic

occupation, but he did not give the artist any commissions. In 1816 Goya published Tauromaquia,

a series of thirty-three prints illustrating the historical development of bullfighting and the feats of

famous contemporary bullfighters. He created, from 1815 to 1824, the Disparates, a series of

etchings related in mood to the Caprichos but larger in scale and more difficult to interpret;

eighteen of the twenty-two plates in this series were published for the first time in 1864.

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Francisco Goya’s Paintings

El Garrotillo by Francisco de

Goya y Lucientes (1808-1812).

The Clothed Maja, 1798-1805

Medium:Oil on canvas

Dimensions:97 cm × 190 cm (38 in ×

75 in)

Location:Museo del Prado, Madrid

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Personal Life- Last YearsHis career slowly came to a halt as he contracted an unknown illness

in 1792 and became completely deaf in 1794. Goya grew resentful and

melancholic due to his deafness and began to isolate himself more

and more from society. During his later years of life, he moved to a

farm on the outskirts of Madrid, where he began to live in isolation.

While living there, he completed a series of paintings plastered on the

walls of his home, that are now called the Black Paintings. In 1824,

Goya moved to Bordeaux to escape the oppressive ruling of

Ferdinand VII. He spent the last years of his life in exile with his maid

and companion, Leocadia Weiss, and her daughter, Rosario Weiss, in

France until his death in 1828.

“La Leocadia”

(1819-1823)

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LegacyToday, Spain’s main national film award is called the Goya Award. They are commonly referred to

as Spain’s Oscars. Francisco Goya is also seen as an ‘Old Master’ and is believed by many to be the

first modern artist and earned the title, “the Father of Modern Art”. Some of Goya’s work can be

seen on display around the world in places like the Royal Academy of Arts in San Fernando

mentioned earlier in our presentation, at the Prado Museum in Madrid, the Royal Tapestry

Factory in Santa Barbara (also mentioned earlier) and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New

York.

The Goya Award, a small

brown bust of Francisco

Goya created by sculptor

Jose Luis Fernandez

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ContributionsAs one of the greatest printmakers of all time, Goya’s four main contributions came from his

achievements in etching and aquatinting the print portfolios called the Caprichos, Disparates,

Tauromaquia, and The Disasters of War. Fourteen of Goya’s late paintings called the “Black

Paintings” could also be seen as a contributions of Goya to the art of the Expressionist and

Surrealist in the 20th century because of their images of violence, despair, evil, and suffering.

Los Caprichos

1797 - 1798

Los Disparates

1815 - 1823

La Tauromaquia

1816

Los Desastres de

la guerra

1810 - 1820

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Impacts on ArtGoya had numerous impacts on other forms of art as well. The portrayal of his time in his

work marked the beginning of the 19th-century realism movement and he is said to be the

most successful artist to combine art with politics. His impact reaches to poetry with poet

Andrei Voznesensky’s Goya-inspired poem, ‘I Am Goya’. Included is a video that provides

context on the impact of some of his more disturbing paintings. Click here

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Known Influences on other Artist and Movements or IdeasFrancisco Goya is believed to have influenced the works of other known artist such as Eugene

Delacroix, Edouard Manet, Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, and Jake and Dinos Chapman. He was

also believed to influence the movement or ideas of realism, impressionism, expressionism,

surrealism, romanticism, and conceptual art to some extent. His influence extends to the 21st

century as artists have drawn inspiration from some of Goya’s more grotesque imagery.

Jake and Dinos Chapman, 21st century artists continuing to take inspiration from Goya

Eugene Delacroix

Pablo Picasso

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Three Questions to be included in next test/Exam 1.What are Spain’s annual film awards, the Goya Awards, commonly referred as?

2.When was Francisco Goya elected to the San Fernando Royal Academy?

3.What movie was Goya’s portrait of the Duke of Wellington seen in?