Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons...
Transcript of Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons...
FramingTechniquesforBuilders:LessonsLearnedandBestPractices
GarySchweizer,PEWeyerhaeuserAugust29,2017
Disclaimer:ThispresentationwasdevelopedbyWeyerhaeuserandisnotfundedbyWoodWorksortheSoftwoodLumberBoard.
“TheWoodProductsCouncil”isaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES),Provider#G516.
Credit(s)earnedoncompletionofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.
ThiscourseisregisteredwithAIACESforcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing, ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.___________________________________________
Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentation.
Thisinteractivesessionbuildsontheideathatbuilderscanimproveframingtechniquesthroughthelensofothers’challengesandsolutions.Recentcommercialandmulti-familyconstructionhurdlesrelatedtoissueswithbuildingframingschemeswillbereviewedthroughcasestudiesandlessonslearned.Bestpracticesthatbuilderscanemploytoavoidsimilarissuesontheirownprojectswillbediscussed,andtheaudiencewillbeaskedtoparticipateandapplypracticesreviewedduringthesession.Attendeeswillleavepreparedwithdesignstrategiestoproducehigh-performingstructuresandmethodologiesthatcanbeconsideredandappliedinconstructionimmediately.
Thisisaninteractivediscussion;questionsandcommentsarewelcomed.
CourseDescription
1. Highlightcommonframingissuesincommercialandmulti-familystructuresanddiscussbestpracticesolutions.
2. Discussproperloadpathframingtechniquesforwood-framestructures.3. Reviewlessonslearnedfromfivedifferentprojectcasestudies.4. Examineconstructionstrategiesthatcanresultinhigh-performing
structuresintermsofdurability,energy-efficiencyandotherquantifiablemeasures.
LearningObjectives
Academics –- BSCE - The Ohio State University
- MBA – The University of Dayton
Experience -- ConsultingStructural Engineer – Columbus,Ohio (7 years)
- Wood Products/Structural Engineering – Trus Joist/Weyerhaeuser (30 + years)
Registered Professional Engineer/Structural EngineerExpertise – Design & Analysis, Forensics, Litigation Support
Abitaboutme
Agenda- LessonsLearned• LoadPathResolution
• Vertical&Lateral• LateralStability• DifferentialDeflection• UniqueFloor/FasciaRequirements
• MoistureManagement• KeepitDry• PreservativeTreatments• ProtectingProductsinInventory&Jobsites
• Vibration• Fire& SoundDesign
LoadPathResolutionSimplestated…verticalandlateralloadsneedtobetransferredtothe
foundation/ground.
Loadrationalization=Truss/Rafter/Joistà Beamà Columnà Foundation• Propermemberselection• Adequatesupport• Appropriateloadtransferdetails• Foundationadequacy
Software– 2danalysis;3dview;reviewofsoftwareoperatordesign
Simplifying…VisualizetheLoading
Tree
FloorJoistò
Beamò
Column
LoadPathResolutionMemberAnalysis– “whattowatchfor?”
VerticalLoads• IncreasedDeadLoads– lightweightconcrete,tileorstone,non-loadbearingwalls• OffsetWalls&Cantilevers• ConcentratedLoads(FcperpofFcparallel)
• Beams&Headers• GirderTruss
• Differentialloadingconditions
LateralLoads• LocationofShearWalls– connectiondesign;manufacturer’slimitations(o/cspacing)• Blocking• Screwsvs.Nails
InstallationReview
Inotherwords- SequencetheFraming
FramerInstructionGuide
EXPECTATIONSOFTHECONTRACTOR• OFAReview• Framingforcorrectness• Notesanddeviations• Notesareacceptableunlessnotedotherwise
AssumptionsFollow-up
EXPECTATIONSOFTHESUPPLIER• Highlightdeviations• Loadrationalization• Valueengineering– professionalprotocol• Framingdetails
FailuresCanOccurApartmentProject(studenthousing)
Nashville,TNInitialComplaint– FloorLevelness,WaterLeaksConstructionIssue– ImproperLoadTransfer;
RimnotundertheloadbearingwallSquashBlocksaddedtoStabilizetheStructureWhatcouldtheEOR/AORhavedonebetter?–
LoadTransferdetailing;wallstackingWhatcouldWeyerhaeuseranddealerhavedone
better?– ‘Protocol’communications
DifferentialDeflection
Complaint–TileCrackingExcessiveDeflection
‘dropping’5/8“over4’
DifferentialDeflection
5.07.0
9.011.0
13.015.0
17.0
19.3
21.5
72
48
24
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
FieldInvestigationResultsTransitFloorReadings• PotentialforDifferentialDeflection• Beamsettoohigh!
BestPractices- DifferentialDeflection
Anticipatedifferentspanandloadingconditions‘Featherframing’- simplevs.continuousspanMatchdeflectionperformance– beamvsadjacentjoistsAcknowledgedifferentsupportconditions(wallvs.beam)
MoistureManagementSimplestated…keepitdryorusepreservativetreatedwood
GuidingPrinciplesDryUsageisclassifiedas˂16%ReasonableconstructionrainfallisOKServiceLife- KeepitDryWhenindoubt– PreservativeTreatedWood
DryUseConditions- “whattowatchfor?”Balcony/DeckConditions• Flashing,connections,detailing,etc.à waterproofing• Allowforwicking– don’tencapsulate• InstallationReview• MaintenanceProgram
Roof/Floor not WatertightMoistureManagement
WaterproofRoofMembraneSacramento,California
ClosedPlenum
WaterproofDeckMembraneAlberta,Canada
150degreedifferential
MoistureManagement
Condos– LaJolla,CABalconyFraming
PartialRoofWatershedDry-Usenotassured
MoistureIntrusion/’Wicking’
Berkley,CABalconyDeckCollapse
2015
MoistureManagement
MoistureManagementSelectingtheCorrectPreservativeTreatment
Exposure4A
•PhillipMerrillCenter,MDExposedHeavyTimber
CuAzTreated
Vibration– FactorsAffectingFloorPerformance
VibrationDesign
FundamentalFrequency– f(Hz)E– MOE(psi)
I - momentofinertia(in4)W– truedeadload(lbs.)
L- joistspan(in)
VirginiaTechGuidelines
QuickRulesofThumb
Floorcovering/floormembranesShortenthespanIncreasethejoistdepthL/480+Glued/ScrewedfloordeckingBridging/Ceiling– tiedtoasupportwall
Fire&SoundDesign
ProductApplicationAssuranceSpecification• PrescribedCodevs‘Preferred’Standards• FullFloorSpecification- FinishedFloorCoverings• SoundMats• PerimeterIsolation
Installation• MatchingSpecification• Manufacturer’sRecommendation• Isolation/De-Couple
ParkPlace;FountainHills,AZ
Fire&SoundDesign
Type3ConstructionRequiresFRTWoodFraming(TypeAFlamespread¹FRTW)
• Fire-Retardant-TreatedWoodMustbeImpregnatedwithChemicals(2018InternationalBuildingCode)
• FRTWinaccordancewithASTME84orUL723.• FieldAppliedCoatings¹ManufacturedFRTProducts
QualityControl,plantvs.fieldenvironments,etc.)
Type3FRTWoodFraming
CodeApprovedFRTW– FieldIssue
ApartmentprojectsinMinneapolis— non-codeapprovedFRTrequiresreplacement(2x6and2x8perimeterframing)
“OnBig-D’swatch,lumberthatwasnotapprovedorcode-compliantwasusedontheHelloApartmentsprojectandGoldenVillaswillnottolerateactionsthatcreateanyriskforfuturetenants,"GoldenVillasChiefManagerTraciTomassaidinanewsrelease.
Summarizing- MyPersonalList“toallowforcaution”
• TightConstructionTimeline(design/modifyasyou‘go’)à frequentcommunications,documentation
• DimensionalIssues/ConstructionTolerances(fieldmeasurement,pre-cutholes/locations,concentratedloadalignment)à designandinstallationreview• FloorCovering– LightweightConcreteTopping,Tile/StoneCrackingà expansionjoints,differentialdeflection,concentratedloads• ManufacturingDefectà urgencyforcommunicationanddecisionmaking• InstallationIssuesà inspection,concurrencetoarchitecturalsandframingplans
Summarizing- MyPersonalList“toallowforcaution”
• Deflection– defineclient/customerexpectationsà differentialdeflection,‘Non-Load’bearingwalls• Assumptionsà ArchitecturalDiscrepancies,FramingIrregularities,ProfessionalProtocol• FloorPerformanceà defineclient/customerexpectations;floorsystemparameters• MoistureDesignà DryUse,correctpreservativetreatment• LoadTrackingà rationalizeloadstothefoundation
ProductApplicationAssurance
Questions?
ThisconcludesTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystemsCourse
GarySchweizer,[email protected]