FRAMEWORK STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

8/13/2019 FRAMEWORK STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

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DEFINITION

A structure is a connected system of membersdesigned to support loads safely or transfer forceseffectively.


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TYPES

Column and beam

Cantilever

Trusses

Space Frame

Geodesic Frame


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COLUMN & BEAM


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definition

A beam is a horizontal structuralelement that is capable to carry

vertical loadsA column is a vertical structuralelement that transmits, throughcompression, the weight of thestructure above to other structuralelements below

* column is acompression member

* beam is atension member


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CANTILEVER


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Rajah 2.3.6 Jejulur sebentuk

Rajah 2.3.7 Jejulur Menirus

Load distribution


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TRUSSES


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definition

a truss is a structure comprising oneor more triangular units constructedwith straight members whose endsare connected at joints referred toas nodes. External forces andreactions to those forces areconsidered to act only at the nodesand result in forces in the memberswhich are either tensile or

compressive force


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REACTION REACTION

Tension

Deflection

Compression

Bearing

Load

Load distribution


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SPACE FRAME


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definition

Is a truss-like with a three-

dimensional frame,usually triangulated in alldirections, composed of strutsand ties interconnected so

that they all share in carryingany load


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A space frame is usually an open, three-dimensional framework of struts andbraces which define a structure anddistribute its weight evenly in alldimension.

This multi-axial load distribution serves toreduce the member forces and thus leadsto lightweight and filigree structures. The

system consists of members and nodeswith a pin joint or bending resistantconnections.

The choice of the member length and

their angles is linked to the loads whichare to be carried. In plan view, they canestablish a triangular grid or aquadrangular grid, while in section theycan formulate single, double, or triplelayers.

Load distribution


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A geodesic dome is a spherical or partial-spherical shell structure based on a

network of great circles (geodesics) lyingon the surface of a sphere. The geodesicsintersect to form triangular elements thathave local triangular rigidity and also

distribute the stress across the entirestructure. When completed to form a fullsphere, it is known as a geodesic sphere

definition


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tetrahedron octahedron icosahedron dodecahedron

Geodesics begin with one of the below SOLIDS :

A d di ib h l d ll


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Load distribution A dome distributes the load to allelements that compose it, anddepends on this to retain its integrity,rather than load bearing walls andtrusses found in traditional structures.That's what makes it "selfsupporting". Walls and floors wouldpull down the dome, they need tohave their own support.


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A roughly hemispherical structure built from of

a self-bracing network of triangles. This design,conceived by the American architect R.Buckminster Fuller , gives impressive structuralstrength while using a minimum of material.Geodesic domes are efficient, inexpensive, anddurable. However, homes based on this designmust overcome a number of difficulties.
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/F/Fuller.htmlhttp://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/F/Fuller.html


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A triangle cannot deform , except for rotationof its joints, without the sides changing length.

FRAMEWORK STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

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