Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West
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Transcript of Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West
Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and
West
Fragmented Worlds: Middle Ages in East & West
I. Germanic Migrations and a new EuropeA. Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) B. Germanic and non-Germanic Migrations to the West
C. Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages– The Rise of the Franks and Clovis conversion (496)
II. The Byzantine Empire and Maintaining Romanness in the EastA. The Reign of JustinianB. Expansion and Decline of Byzantine World
IV. The Rise and Development of the Islamic WorldA. Background and Muhammad as ProphetB. Islamic Beliefs—Five Pillars C. Spread of Islam D. Islamic Scholarship
I. Germanic Migrations, Fall of Rome, and New Europe
A. Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) “the triumph of barbarism and religion”B. Germanic and non-Germanic Migrations to
the West– Huns, Visigoths, Vandals, Ostrogoths,
Franks, Angles, Saxons….– Relationship between Germanic Politics and
Culture with Roman SocietyC. Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages
– The Rise of the Franks and Clovis’s conversion to Christianity (496)
Germanic Migration
s
The End of the Western Roman Empire• The German migrations: Visigoths,
Ostrogoths, Vandals & Franks; Lombards later• Visigoths defeat Roman army at Adrianople in
378• Emperor Valens dies in battle
• Assimilation of the German peoples into empire
• Visigoths under Alaric sack Rome (410)• Augustine writes City of God
• Attila and Huns invade Italy in 452• Vandals lead attack on Rome in 455
The End of the Western Roman Empire (cont’d)• Attila and Huns invade Italy in 452• Vandals lead attack on Rome in 455• Odovacer (German mercenary for Rome) rebels and takes
western Empire for himself• Ostrogoths under Theodoric attack the Roman Empire and
enter Rome (493)• “Rome fell to the Goths in the 1164th year after its
foundation,” –Venerable Bede (c. 673-735) • The withdrawal to the countryside (transition from slavery to
serfdom)
• The Rise of the Franks• Clovis (466-511) and his conversion (496)• 732--Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Poitiers• Boniface and Barbarian Conversions (680-754?)• 755-756—Franks defeat Lombards
• Gift of papal state by Pepin
Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages
The Byzantine EmpireI. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural
worldII. The Reign of Justinian (527-565)
Nika Revolts 532Church: Hagia Sophia (537)Law: uniform law for empire
Corpus Juris CivilisIII. Expansion and Decline of Empire
Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural worldThe Reign of Justinian (527-565)
532: Nika RevoltsChurch
Eastern Church and orthodoxy Hagia Sophia (537)
Society and Politics
Bribery and limits on women’s status
Powerful bureaucracy
Taxes, expansion, and building projectsCodification of law
Uniform law for Empire based on precedentCorpus Juris Civilis
Mosiac of Emperor Justinian (527-564)
Hagia SophiaA.D. 537
I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural worldII. The Reign of Justinian (527-565)
532: Nika RevoltsChurch
Eastern Church and orthodoxy Hagia Sophia (537)
Society and PoliticsBribery and limits on women’s statusPowerful bureaucracyTaxes, expansion, and building projects
Codification of lawUniform law for Empire based on precedentCorpus Juris Civilis
Theodora (d. 548), Wife of Emperor Justinian
III. Byzantine Empire: Gradual Decline
• Persian invasions: Jerusalem (614) and Egypt (619)
• Siege of Constantinople by the Avars (626)
• Defeat of Byzantine army by the Bulgars (670)
• The decline of urban life
Europe at the death of Justinian, 565
IV. The Rise and Development of the Islamic World
Background Muhammad as ProphetIslamic BeliefsSpread of Islam Islamic Scholarship
Koran in the majestic Kufic script (7th or 8th century)
The Rise of Islam• Bedouins before the 7th century• Muhammed (c. 570-632) and the Qur’an• Monotheism: • Hegira the journey from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina)• and back (622)• The five pillars of Islam: Faith, prayer 5 times
daily, zakat (alms), fast of Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca
Ummah = community of believers
The five pillars of Islam: 1. Faith
(shahadah)2. Prayer (salah)3. Charity (Zakat)4. Fast of
Ramadan (9th month of Islamic calendar)
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) (629)
Ka’ba:Black meteorite in Mecca
624: Battle of Badr629: Mecca
Islamic Conquests• Battle of Badr 624 (control of Mecca)• Conquest of Palestine and Persia by
637• Seige of Constantinople 674• Conquest of Visigothic kingdom by
711• Battle of Poitiers/Tours 734
Growth of Islam by Eighth CenturyMartel turns back Muslims at Poitiers by 732
• Scientific and cultural contributions to the West
• Inquiry and IslamPhilosophy
Ibn Sina 980-1037MathematicsAl-Khwarizmi book on “Al-jabr”ScienceNavigation
Astrolabe
Family of Al-Asturlabi
Measures altitude of sun to calculate time and latitutde