Special Consideration in Pediatric Fractures, Edentulous, Infected Fractures
Fractures
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Transcript of Fractures
Bone Fractures, Diagnosis, Treatment,
and Repair
General Fracture Classification
• Open or compound - bone protrudes out of skin
• Closed or simple - bone does not break through skin
• Complete - bone separates into two fragments
• Incomplete - bone does not separate into two fragments
• According to direction of fracture - linear, transverse, oblique
Specific Fracture Classification
• Green-stick fracture - an incomplete fracture in which one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends; happens mainly in children
Specific Fracture Classification
• Comminuted fracture - a fracture in which the bone breaks into more than two fragments; usually caused by severe forces
Specific Fracture Classification
• Impacted fracture - one end of the fracture is forcefully driven into the interior of the other
Specific Fracture Classification
• Stress fracture - fracture without being visibly broken; microscopic fissures in bone that forms without any evidence of injury to other tissues; caused by repeated strenuous activity (ex: running)
Specific Fracture Classification
• Spiral fracture - fracture spirals down the bone; caused by a twisting force that creates an oblique fracture around and through the bone
X-rays and Pictures of Fractures
X-rays and Pictures of Fractures
Symptoms of Bone Fractures
• Pain• Swelling• Loss of function to area• Deformity of a limb• Sometimes there is bruising from
internal bleeding
Diagnosing Bone Fractures
• X-rays of injured area
• Some fractures are difficult to see in an x-ray, so a CT scan, MRI, or other bone scans are used
Treatment of Fractures
• There are two main types of treatments: External fixation - casts Internal fixation - surgery
Wires - used on small fractures Plates - hold two lengths of
bone together with screws Nails or rods - placed in centers
of long bones and held in place with screws
Screws - most common method; used by self or with other items
Internal Fixation Examples
Internal Fixation Examples
Healing of Fractures
• Healing time varies for each individual
• Healing time also depends on: Which bone was broken Severity of the break Age of individual
Bones take longer to heal the older that we get
Bone Repair
When bone breaks, so do the blood vessels that supply the bone
1) a clot forms in the damaged area2) blood vessels and cells invade
the clot and produce a fibrous network and cartilage between broken bones (callus)
3) osteoblasts enter callus and begin forming cancellous bone
4) Cancellous bone is remodeled to form compact and cancellous bone; repair is complete