Fractions = 1 Whole - Klein Independent School Districtclassroom.kleinisd.net/users/3369/STAAR...
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Transcript of Fractions = 1 Whole - Klein Independent School Districtclassroom.kleinisd.net/users/3369/STAAR...
Basic Fraction Review
4
5
numerator: the number of pieces you have
denominator: the number of pieces needed to make a whole
equivalent fractions: represent the same amount
Fractions
Add & Subtract Fractions Must have common denominators!
4 + 5 = 5 + 6 =
11. Find the Least Common Denominator 2. Make Equivalent Fractions with the LCD 3. Add or Subtract the Numerators
Never Add or Subtract the Denominators!
Simplify/Reduce Fractions Divide by Common Factors
5 ÷ 5 = 1 . 10 ÷ 5 = 2 .
Mixed Numbers & Improper Fractions mixed number: a whole number and a fraction
improper fraction: numerator is greater than the denominator 3 . 2
M.N. to I.F.M (multiply) A (add) D (denominator)
+ x
I.F. to M.N.Divide!
3 ÷ 2 = 1 2 3
-2 1
Multiply Fractions Divide Fractions
Whole Number is
“King of the Mountain”
Whole Number x Fraction
3 x 1/4 = 3/4
Repeated Addition: 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 =
Algorithm: Write all whole numbers over 1, Multiply Straight Across!
Fraction x Whole Number
1/2 x 4 = 2
Meaning: 1/2 of 4
} 4
Whole Number ÷ Fraction
5 ÷ 1/3 = 15Question: How many times does 1/3 fit into 5?
Algorithm: Write all whole numbers over 1, Multiply First Number by Second Number’s Reciprocal!
Fraction ÷ Whole Number
1/2 ÷ 4 = 1/8
1 2 3
10 11 12
4 5 6
13 14 15
7 8 9
= 1 Whole
Reciprocal Re-flip-rocal!Flip the numerator and denominator: 3 5 (A number times its reciprocal = 1) 5 3
Decimals
Compare Decimals 1. Line up the decimal points 2. Compare each digit
0.9 0.85
Represent Decimals.
standard form: 1.24 word form: one and twenty- four hundredths
expanded form: (1 x 1) + (2 x 0.1) + (4 x 0.01)
Round Decimals 1. Underline the rounding place value 2. Look at the digit to the right
To the Nearest Tenth: 9.45 9.50
To the Nearest Whole Number: 9.45 9.00 9
Add/Subtract Decimals Line up the dot, and give it all you got!
0.7 + 0.93 = 1
0.70 + 0.93 sum 1.63
Decimal Basics Review 1 Whole = 10 tenths = 100 hundredths
Place Value Chart
ones1
decimal point
tenths0.1
hundredths0.01
5 . 6 75.67
Comparison Symbols:
> greater than
< less than
= equal to
0.9 0.85>
Rounding Poem4 or less,
just ignore5 or more,
add one more!
Don’t Forget!
Whole Numbers & Decimal Points6 = 6.0 = 6.00
Multiply Decimals Whole Number x Decimal
2 x 0.3 = 0.6Decimal x Whole Number
0.5 x 3 = 1.5
Decimal x Decimal0.6 x 0.4 = 0.24
Divide Decimals
Area Model
0.27 ÷ 3 = 0.09
Standard Algorithm
0.27 ÷ 3 = 0.09
Bring up the decimal point!
0.093 0.27
- 27 00
Geometry & MeasurementClassify Two-Dimensional Shapes
Quadrilateral
4-sided polygon
Parallelogramquadrilateral with
opposite sides parallel and congruent
Trapezoidquadrilateral with 1
pair of opposite sides parallel Kite
quadrilateral with
adjacent sides
congruent
Rectanglequadrilateral and
parallelogram with 4 right angles
Rhombusquadrilateral and
parallelogram with all sides congruent
Squarequadrilateral and
parallelogram with all sides congruent and 4 right angles
Key:Up = YesDown = Not Always
Vocabulary Review
parallel lines: lines that will never intersect
____________________________________
perpendicular lines: lines that intersect and
form right angles
_______
Angles:right: 90 degrees
acute: less than 90 degrees
obtuse: greater than 90 degrees
congruent:equal,
the same
horizontal: go across__________________
vertical:up and down
protractor:used to
measure angles
Calculate Area, Perimeter, and Volume
Three Dimensional Figures three-dimensional figure:
figures with a length, width, and height
Measurement Conversions
perimeter: the distance around an object
area: the amount needed to cover an object or space
volume: the amount of space an object takes up
4 ft
9 ft
Perimeter of a Rectangle:P = (2 x l) + (2 x w)
P = (2 x 9) + (2 x 4) = 36 ft
5 in
Perimeter of a Square:P = 4 x s
P = 4 x 5 = 20 in
Area of a Rectangle:A = l x w or A = bhA = 8 x 6 = 48 square cm
8 cm
6 cm 12 m
Area of a Square:A = s x s
A = 12 x 12 = 144 square m
Volume of a Rectangular Prism:V = l x w x h or V = Bh
V = 6 x 3 x 4 = 72 cubic cmor
V = 18 x 4 = 72 cubic cm
Volume of a Cube:V = s x s x s
V = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 cubic units
rectangular prism:a 3-dimensional figure with six faces that are rectangles; all
angles are right angles
cube:a 3-dimensional figure with six
faces that are squares; all angles are right angles
Length
Volume and Capacity
Weight and Mass
Customary:
1 miles (mi) = 1,760 yards (yd)1 yard (yd) = 3 feet (ft)
1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in)
÷ x Metric:
1 kilometer (km) = 1,000 meters (m)1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm)1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeters
÷ x
Customary:
1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt)1 quart (qt) = 2 pints (pt)1 pint (pt) = 2 cups (c)
1 cup (c) = 8 fluid ounces (fl oz)
÷ xMetric
1 liter (L) = 1,000 milliliters (ml)
÷ x
Customary:
1 ton (T) = 2,000 pounds (lb)1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz)
÷ x Metric:
1 kilogram (kg) = 1,000 grams (g)1 gram (g) = 1,000 milligrams
÷ x
Data & Algebra
Types of Graphs
Coordinate Plane
Order of Operations P parentheses E exponents MD multiplication & division from left to right AS addition & subtraction from left to right
32 ÷ (2 x 2) + 3 =
32 ÷ 4 + 3 = 8 + 3 =
= 12
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
origin (0, 0)
x-axis
y-axis
ordered pair (x, y)
(3, 4)
Bar Graph
Dot Plot
Stem and Leaf Plot
Scatterplot
Problem Solving Vocabulary
Number Patterns
Additionsum plusaltogether totaljoined alsocombined bothmore increasein all deposit
Subtractionremainder take awaydifference spendless than fewerchange leftminus lossdecreased by
Multiplicationproducttwice
multiply byof
timesfactor
Divisionquotient
split equallygoes intoput into
divided by half separate
Additive Number Patterns
Rule: Add Two
Multiplicative Number Patterns
Rule: Times Three
Prime & Composite Numbers
When to Use It:-to compare different things-to show change over time
When to Use It:-to show the frequency of different things occurring
When to Use It:-to show the frequency certain values occur
When to Use It:-to show the relationship between two variables (correlation)
prime number: a number with exactly two factorsExamples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, etc.
composite number: a number with three or more factors Examples: 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, etc.
Neither Prime NOR Composite: 0 and 1
Input Output
1 33 55 7
Input Output
1 33 95 15