Design and fabrication of fractal

micro strip patch antenna using

HFSS `

Prepared by

Sagar Patnaik(090101ECR044)

R.Swaroop Rao(090101ECR011)

Pramod Kumar Behera(090101ECR031)

Guided by

M.Vamshi Krishna

Dept. of ECE

Content

Abstract

Introduction

Software use

Application

Expected outcomes

References

Abstract

The main aim of this project is to design the radiation patterns of fractal antennas.

To overcome the disadvantages in the first and second generation of antennas.

To achieve the radiation patterns characteristics that may not be achievable by single antenna element.

The fractal geometry is used for investigating a new class of radiation pattern and scattering problems.

Introduction In many applications, it is necessary to design antennas with

very directive characteristics (very high gains) to meet the

demands of long distance communication this can be

accomplished by antenna array.

The increasing range of wireless telecommunication services

and related applications is driving the attention to the design

of multi-frequency (multiservice) and small antennas.

The telecom operators and equipment manufacturers can

produce variety of communications systems, like cellular

communications, global positioning, satellite communications,

and others, each one of this systems operates at several

frequency bands.

Contd.

The use of fractal geometry is a new solution to the

design of multiband antennas and arrays.

INTRODUCTION TO ANTENNAS

DEFINITIONS OF ANTENNA:

An antenna is a

• Electromagnetic radiator

• Sensor

• Transducer

• Impedance matching device

6

MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

•Micro strip is the second generation of

antennas.

•It is a metallic patch, printed on thin

grounded dielectric substrate.

•The main advantages are its low weight,

low cost and low scattering cross section.

•Narrow bandwidth and low efficiency

are its main disadvantages.

7

FRACTAL ANTENNA

The term “FRACTAL” means “Broken or

Irregular fragments.

The use of Fractal geometry is a new solution to the

design of multiband antennas and arrays.

8

SIERPINSKI CARPET ANTENNA

• The Siepinski carpet antenna is of

PLANAR array model.

ITERATIONS OF SIERPINSKI CARPET:

First iteration:

• It is formed by dividing a small square into

9 smaller squares and by removing the

centre square.

9

Second iteration:

•It is designed by dividing the remaining 8 squares

into 9 smaller squares. Then drop all the centre

squares for each remaining square.

10

The four stages in the construction of

sierpinski carpet

Advantages

Light weight and low volume.

Low fabrication cost, hence can be manufactured in

large quantities.

Capable of dual and triple frequency operations.

The antennas may be easily mounted on missiles,

rockets and satellites without major alterations

• Better input impedance matching.

Software used

HFSS

Application area

• Satellite communication.

• Microwave integrated circuits (MICs).

• Compact integrated antennas.

• Missiles and rocket.

• Radar

Software outputs

Ractangular plot(S parameter)

Y parameter

Z parameter

VSWR

3D polar plot(s parameter)

Y parameter

Z parameter

VSWR

Polar plot(z parameter)

VSWR

Y parameter

S parameter

Smith chart(S parameter)

Y Parameter

Z Parameter

VSWR Parameter

3d Ractangular(S parameter)

Y parameter

Z parameter

VSWR parameter

Practical designed fractal antenna

result Data table

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

701

2 3 4 5 67

89

1011

1213141516171819202122

2324

2526

2728

2930

313233343536

373839404142

4344

4546

4748

4950

5152535455565758596061

6263

6465

6667

6869707172

Series1

Series2

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

701

2 3 4 5 67

89

1011

1213141516171819202122

2324

2526

2728

2930

313233343536

373839404142

4344

4546

4748

4950

5152535455565758596061

6263

6465

6667

6869707172

Series1

Series2

References

[1]On the Behavior of the Sierpinski Multiband Fractal

Antenna- IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,

Vol. 46, No. 4, 1998.

[2]G.A. Deschamps, “Microstrip Microwave Antennas”,

presented at the third USAF symposium on antennas, 1953.

[3]Analysis of fractal microstrip patch antenna, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL

TECHNOLOGY(IJMOT), VOL. 2, NO. 2, APRIL 2007