Four ChallengesFour Challenges

GlobalizationGlobalization

DiversityDiversity

EthicsEthics

TechnologyTechnology

Remaining CompetitiveRemaining Competitive

Globalizing the firm’s operationsGlobalizing the firm’s operations

Managing a diverse workforceManaging a diverse workforce

Keeping up with technological Keeping up with technological

change and implementing change and implementing

technology in the workplacetechnology in the workplace

Managing ethical behaviorManaging ethical behavior

Changing Business Changing Business Perspectives Perspectives

From International (which implies an individual’s or organization’s held nationality is strongly in consciousness)

To Globalization (which implies the world is freefrom national boundaries andthat it is really a borderless world)

From Multinational Organizations (in which the organization was recognized as doing business with other countries)

Changing Business Changing Business PerspectivesPerspectives

To Transnational Organizations (in which the global viewpoint supersedes national issues)

GLOBAL MARKETPLACEGLOBAL MARKETPLACE

Creation of the European UnionCreation of the European Union

Establishment of NAFTAEstablishment of NAFTA

CH

AN

GES

IN

TH

E

Understanding Cultural Understanding Cultural DifferencesDifferences

HOFSTEDE’S DIMENSIONS

Where the U.S. StandsWhere the U.S. StandsON HOFSTEDE’S DIMENSIONS

INDIVIDUALISMINDIVIDUALISM

High power distanceHigh power distance

High uncertainty avoidanceHigh uncertainty avoidance

MASCULINITYMASCULINITY

Long-term orientationLong-term orientation

CollectivismCollectivism

Low power distanceLow power distance

LOW UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCELOW UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE

FemininityFemininity

SHORT-TERMM ORIENTATIONSHORT-TERMM ORIENTATION

Developing Cross-Cultural Developing Cross-Cultural SensitivitySensitivity

Cultural sensitivity trainingCultural sensitivity training Cross-cultural task forces/teamsCross-cultural task forces/teams Global view of human resource Global view of human resource

functionsfunctions PlanningPlanning Recruitment and SelectionRecruitment and Selection CompensationCompensation Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development

DiversityDiversityall forms of individual differences, all forms of individual differences,

including culture, gender, age, including culture, gender, age,

ability, personality, religious ability, personality, religious

affiliation, economic class, social affiliation, economic class, social

status, military attachment and status, military attachment and

sexual orientationsexual orientation

Diversity Statistics for the Diversity Statistics for the WorkplaceWorkplace

Ethnic 2020 Workforce: 68% white non-Hispanic 14% Hispanic

11% African-American 5% Asian

Gender 2020 Workforce: 50% male 50% female

According to The Institute for Diversity and According to The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport at the University of South Ethics in Sport at the University of South Florida, key leadership positions at Football Florida, key leadership positions at Football Bowl Subdivision schools remain Bowl Subdivision schools remain predominantly white and male. predominantly white and male.

100% of athletic conference commissioners. 100% of athletic conference commissioners. 93.3% of university presidents93.3% of university presidents 86.7% of athletic directors86.7% of athletic directors 92.5% of head football coaches92.5% of head football coaches 82.9% of faculty82.9% of faculty

Beyond the Book:Beyond the Book:Diversity in College FootballDiversity in College Football

& OBSTACLES AT WORK& OBSTACLES AT WORK Comprise over 60% of the workforceComprise over 60% of the workforce Earn 49% of all doctoratesEarn 49% of all doctorates Earn 60% of master’s degreesEarn 60% of master’s degrees Earn 58% of undergraduate degreesEarn 58% of undergraduate degrees

BUTBUT Little increase in number of women CEOs.Little increase in number of women CEOs. Earn 81% of what male counterparts do. Earn 81% of what male counterparts do. Encounter the glass ceiling in the workplaceEncounter the glass ceiling in the workplace

WO

MEN

Diversity Statistics Diversity Statistics Affecting Affecting the Workplacethe WorkplaceAge By 2030, people over 65 will comprise

20% of the population.

Ability An estimated 50 million disabled live in the U.S.; their unemployment rate exceeds 50%.

Diversity’s Benefits & Diversity’s Benefits & ProblemsProblems

BENEFITS PROBLEMS

• Resistance to change• Lack of cohesiveness• Communication problems• Interpersonal conflicts• Slower decision making

•Attracts and retains the best talent• Improves marketing efforts• Promotes creativity and innovation•Results in better problem solving•Enhances organizational flexibility

[Consequential Theory]

an ethical theory that emphasizes the consequences or results of behavior

Ethical Ethical TheoriesTheories

[Rule-Based Theory] an ethical theory that emphasizes the character of the actitself rather than its effects

[Character Theory] an ethical theory that emphasizes the character, personal virtues, and integrity of the individual

Employee Rights IssuesEmployee Rights Issues

Technology and Technology and privacyprivacy

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS ConfidentialityConfidentiality

Sexual Harassment = Sexual Harassment = Unwanted Sexual Unwanted Sexual AttentionAttention

Gender HarassmentGender Harassment –– crude comments; crude comments; behaviors that convey hostility toward a behaviors that convey hostility toward a particular genderparticular gender

Unwanted Sexual AttentionUnwanted Sexual Attention –– unwanted unwanted touching, unwanted pressure for datestouching, unwanted pressure for dates

Sexual CoercionSexual Coercion –– demands for sexual demands for sexual favors through job-related threats or favors through job-related threats or promisespromises

Alternative Work Alternative Work ArrangementsArrangements

TelecommutingTelecommuting

Satellite officesSatellite offices

Virtual officesVirtual offices

Alternative Work Alternative Work ArrangementsArrangements

EmployeesEmployees Gain flexibilityGain flexibility Save the commute to workSave the commute to work Enjoy the comforts of homeEnjoy the comforts of home

But, they But, they Have distractionsHave distractions Lack socialization opportunitiesLack socialization opportunities Lack interaction with supervisorsLack interaction with supervisors Identify less with the organizationIdentify less with the organization

Technological Change Technological Change Requires Managers to:Requires Managers to:

Develop technical competence to Develop technical competence to gain workers’ respect gain workers’ respect

Focus on helping workers manage Focus on helping workers manage the stress of their workthe stress of their work

Take advantage of the wealth of Take advantage of the wealth of information available to motivate, information available to motivate, coach, and counselcoach, and counsel——not to controlnot to control

Help Employees Adjust byHelp Employees Adjust by Involving them in decision making Involving them in decision making

regarding technological changeregarding technological change Selecting technology that increases Selecting technology that increases

workers’ skill requirementsworkers’ skill requirements Providing effective trainingProviding effective training Establishing support groupsEstablishing support groups Encouraging reinvention (creative Encouraging reinvention (creative

application of new technology)application of new technology)